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This study examines the transformation of Prophet Muhammad’s concept of governance within the framework of Islamic Constitutional Law and its relevance and implementation in Indonesia’s modern governmental system. The governance established by the Prophet in Medina laid the foundation of a state order grounded in monotheism, justice, consultation, and the rule of law. These principles reflect the essence of Islamic governance that upholds morality, equality, and social responsibility. This research employs a qualitative approach using normative-historical methods by exploring classical and constitutional Islamic sources such as the Medina Charter, the Qur’an, and Hadith, then comparing them with Indonesia’s constitutional principles as embodied in the 1945 Constitution. The findings indicate a strong alignment between the values of Prophet Muhammad’s governance and Indonesia’s constitutional system, particularly in aspects of social justice, people’s participation, and respect for the law. Nonetheless, differences exist in terms of the foundation of power legitimacy and the source of legal authority. The study concludes that the governance model of Prophet Muhammad can serve as a moral and ethical reference for strengthening modern Indonesian governance without altering the democratic principles of Pancasila. Thus, the universal values of Islamic governance remain relevant and adaptable to the modern state context..

Education is fundamentally a process of developing the whole person, not simply the transfer of knowledge. This research aims to examine the essence of education as an effort to humanize humans through a descriptive qualitative approach using a literature study method. This concept emphasizes that education plays a central role in developing students' potential, awareness, and human values. This study explores the thoughts of figures such as Paulo Freire, Ki Hajar Dewantara, and John Dewey, who positioned education as a path to liberation and humanity. The analysis shows that true education must be oriented toward developing human values, morals, and character to avoid becoming trapped in the process of dehumanization amidst technological developments and modernization. Through literature review and thematic analysis, this research found that humanistic education must integrate rationality, morality, and spirituality to form complete human beings. Thus, education must be understood as a continuous process of humanization to build a civilized, ethical, and just society.

Particularly in the context of Christian Religious Education, the question of children's spiritual growth and development is a critical component in the process of character formation, resulting in a holistic personality. Children benefit greatly from the use of Christian Religious Education psychology since it helps them comprehend the importance of faith, morality, and spirituality in a way that is suitable for their stage of psychological development. Data for this study were gathered by analyzing a variety of pertinent literature sources that were linked to the research issue. The author used a qualitative method in conjunction with a library research methodology. The purpose of this study is to examine how Christian Religious Education psychology concepts might be applied to improve children's spiritual development in the smallest social settings the family, school, and church.The study's end findings show that using Christian Religious Education psychology helps kids become more aware of the principles of their faith, behave in ways that emphasize love, behave responsibly, and have a positive relationship with God. It is anticipated that this study will improve the analytical abilities of church ministers, particularly those who specialize in children's ministry, parents of children, and educators who use it as a teaching tool. It is acceptable and effective for the demands of children's spiritual growth and development when a mature and proper technique is used.

This study examines the concept of women's leadership from an Islamic and Catholic perspective and how religious values ​​influence the acceptance and legitimacy of women's leadership in the public sphere. Using a qualitative approach using a desk study method, this study analyzes religious texts, scientific literature, and case studies of the leadership of two Southeast Asian women: Megawati Soekarnoputri in Indonesia and Corazon Aquino in the Philippines. The results show that both Islam and Catholicism have complex histories and interpretations of women's roles in leadership. While conservative and patriarchal readings exist within both traditions, there is also interpretive space that allows women to emerge as leaders. The leadership of Megawati and Aquino demonstrates that women are capable of leading with distinctive styles rooted in values ​​of spirituality, morality, and service. Both demonstrate a non-confrontational yet effective leadership approach, which simultaneously opens up space for reinterpreting women's roles in religion and politics. Thus, women's leadership is not a deviation from religious teachings, but rather part of the socio-religious dynamic that demands inclusivity and equality.

This study examines the concept of women's leadership from an Islamic and Catholic perspective and how religious values ​​influence the acceptance and legitimacy of women's leadership in the public sphere. Using a qualitative approach using a desk study method, this study analyzes religious texts, scientific literature, and case studies of the leadership of two Southeast Asian women: Megawati Soekarnoputri in Indonesia and Corazon Aquino in the Philippines. The results show that both Islam and Catholicism have complex histories and interpretations of women's roles in leadership. While conservative and patriarchal readings exist within both traditions, there is also interpretive space that allows women to emerge as leaders. The leadership of Megawati and Aquino demonstrates that women are capable of leading with distinctive styles rooted in values ​​of spirituality, morality, and service. Both demonstrate a non-confrontational yet effective leadership approach, which simultaneously opens up space for reinterpreting women's roles in religion and politics. Thus, women's leadership is not a deviation from religious teachings, but rather part of the socio-religious dynamic that demands inclusivity and equality.

The current global environmental crisis is not only caused by technical and economic factors, but also reflects a spiritual and ethical crisis in the modern human view of nature. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, a contemporary Islamic philosopher and thinker, offers an environmental ethics approach based on Islamic spirituality that emphasizes the sanctity of nature and the relationship between humans and God as the center of ecological morality. This study aims to examine in depth the concept of environmental ethics according to Nasr, as well as its relevance in responding to contemporary ecological challenges. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and literature study of Nasr's works, this study found that Nasr's concept of environmental ethics is based on the principles of monotheism, trust, and the ontological relationship between humans and the universe. Nasr criticized the Western secular and anthropocentric paradigm that objectifies nature and called for the restoration of the sacred relationship between humans and the environment as the basis for sustainable ecological ethics. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of holistic and spiritual environmental ethics in global and local contexts.

This study examines the synergy between morality and professionalism as foundational components in shaping ethical behavior among civil servants in Palangka Raya City. The research is motivated by persistent ethical issues within local government bureaucracy, despite ongoing reform initiatives that emphasize integrity and accountability in public service. Using a quantitative explanatory survey design, data were collected from civil servants across several regional government institutions and analyzed through multiple linear regression to determine the influence of morality and professionalism on ethical behavior. The findings indicate that both variables significantly contribute to the formation of ethical conduct, with morality demonstrating a slightly stronger influence compared to professionalism, thereby confirming theoretical concepts which argue that ethical public administration requires both personal integrity and professional competence. These results highlight the importance of strengthening institutional ethics programs through character building, competency-based professionalism, and transparent supervisory mechanisms to ensure consistency of ethical behavior across administrative practices. The study also acknowledges methodological limitations related to the exclusive use of quantitative measures, suggesting that future research may integrate qualitative approaches to capture deeper subjective meanings of morality and professionalism within public sector settings.

This study examines the interplay between administrative ethics and bureaucratic decision-making within the governance landscape of Pulang Pisau Regency through a structured literature analysis. Anchored in the theoretical frameworks of Administrative Ethics Theory, Bureaucratic Decision-Making Theory, and Good Governance, this research synthesizes classical and contemporary scholarly works to identify the determinants, challenges, and institutional dynamics that influence ethical decision processes in local bureaucracy. The method employs a qualitative narrative literature review, involving systematic identification, screening, quality assessment, and thematic extraction of relevant academic sources published in the last two decades. Findings indicate that ethical norms, integrity, organizational culture, leadership morality, and institutional control mechanisms significantly shape the rationality, consistency, and legitimacy of bureaucratic decisions. Furthermore, the literature reveals that external pressures, conflict of interest, inadequate regulatory enforcement, and limited administrative capacity remain persistent barriers to the implementation of ethical governance in regional administrations. The study also highlights the essential role of participatory governance, digitalization, and internal accountability frameworks in strengthening ethical consistency across bureaucratic processes. These insights position administrative ethics as a crucial foundation for promoting transparency, fairness, and public trust in local government institutions. The paper concludes that strengthening administrative ethics requires integrated institutional reforms, long-term commitment, and the internalization of ethical values at both organizational and individual levels. The implications of this research extend to policy formulation, bureaucratic capacity-building, and future empirical studies on ethical governance in decentralized contexts.

Learning evaluation is an essential component of the Islamic education system as it serves to assess the achievement of learning objectives and measure students’ development. This study aims to examine the concept of learning evaluation according to the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad Shallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam and its relevance in modern educational contexts. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a literature study method, using sources from hadith collections, Islamic education books, and scientific journals. The findings reveal that the Prophet’s hadith provides a strong foundation for the implementation of learning evaluation based on three main domains: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Furthermore, the hadith emphasizes sincerity, justice, and exemplary behavior as essential principles in the evaluation process. The implementation of these values in modern education requires teachers to assess not only academic performance but also students’ moral and spiritual aspects. Thus, learning evaluation based on hadith serves as guidance for achieving a balanced education between knowledge, morality, and skills.

This article examines Ahmad Muhamad Mustain Nasoha’s thought on Islamic nationalism as the basis of patriotism. Nasoha emphasizes that nationalism does not contradict Islamic teachings; in fact, the values of faith, morality, and brotherhood in Islam can strengthen national consciousness. According to him, love for the homeland is not merely a slogan or rhetoric, but a manifestation of faith and a Muslim’s social responsibility that requires active involvement in preserving unity, upholding justice, and contributing to national development. This article highlights the historical, philosophical, sociological, political, educational, and theological aspects of Islamic nationalism, including the contributions of Islamic scholars and organizations in shaping national identity as well as in the formulation of Pancasila as the state’s foundation in harmony with Islamic values. Furthermore, the article discusses the relevance of Islamic nationalism in addressing contemporary challenges, such as Indonesia’s plural society, globalization, radicalism, and digital disinformation. Nasoha stresses the importance of harmonizing Islamic values with Pancasila, so that Islamic nationalism can serve as both social cohesion and an ethical guideline for citizens. The implementation of Islamic nationalism can be carried out through education, legal reinforcement, moral development, and concrete social contributions, enabling Muslims to preserve their religious identity while actively participating in national life. Through this comprehensive study, the article asserts that Ahmad Muhamad Mustain Nasoha’s ideas significantly contribute to the development of a moderate, inclusive nationalism grounded in Islamic values. His thought offers a strategic framework to cultivate patriotic young Muslims without compromising religious identity.  while strengthening Indonesia’s national integrity in the face of contemporary challenges.

This study examines the views of community and traditional leaders on the practice of giving alms derived from unusual sources of income in Mojopuro Village. The tradition of giving alms in Mojopuro has strong cultural roots and social values, reflecting a blend of Islamic teachings and local wisdom. However, historically, almsgiving has sometimes come from less than halal sources, such as gambling proceeds, which were once considered commonplace due to limited religious understanding. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method, using interviews with community and traditional leaders as key informants. The results show a significant shift in how the community interprets almsgiving. Religious leaders now emphasize the importance of halal sources of income and sincere intentions in giving, while traditional leaders emphasize social values such as mutual cooperation and caring for others. This transformation reflects a shift from traditional practices to a deeper religious understanding, without diminishing the values of togetherness that are characteristic of Mojopuro. Thus, the tradition of giving alms in Mojopuro is not only a form of worship but also a means of fostering morality and social solidarity that persists amidst changing times

This paper discusses the concept of the influence of the end times on moral behavior. Eschatology is one of the important doctrines in Christian theology that not only discusses end-time events, such as the Second Coming of Christ, the resurrection of the dead, and the Last Judgment, but also has a real influence on the moral life of believers. This study aims to analyze how the understanding of the end times affects moral behavior in daily life. Awareness of the coming of Christ and the Last Judgment encourages believers to live in faith, obedience, and love, which are reflected in concrete actions and the formation of character in accordance with Christian values. Various theological views such as premillennialism, amillennialism, and postmillennialism provide different perspectives, yet all emphasize the importance of living with an orientation toward eternity. Amid the challenges of modern times, a proper understanding of eschatology becomes an important foundation so that believers are not trapped in fear or incorrect interpretations, but are instead able to use it as motivation to live morally, faithfully, and with hope. Therefore, the concept of the end times plays a significant role in shaping moral behavior that reflects a living faith and readiness to welcome eternal life.

Human philosophy is one of the branches of philosophy that explores the essence of human beings, their existence, the values inherent within them, and their relationship with the surrounding environment. In Indonesia, the study of philosophy is often perceived as an abstract subject, distant from everyday life. However, when students are introduced to various cross-cultural philosophical perspectives, a new awareness emerges about what it truly means to be human in a richer and more reflective sense. This study employs a qualitative approach to provide contextual and narrative understanding of students’ experiences in learning human philosophy from diverse cultural and global perspectives. In-depth interviews were conducted with 24 students who had taken the human philosophy course, and the data were analyzed using content analysis to identify key emerging themes. The findings revealed six major themes: developing critical and reflective thinking, understanding cultural diversity, strengthening ethics and morality, increasing self-awareness, making decisions through philosophical perspectives, and fostering tolerance and appreciation for differences. These findings highlight that the study of human philosophy is not only academically relevant but also transformative in shaping students’ character and global awareness. Therefore, it is recommended that human philosophy be taught using a multicultural and global approach, rather than being limited to a single cultural perspective.

The proliferation of Online Gambling (Judol) and Illegal Online Loans (Pinjol) poses a serious threat to the financial stability and morality of society, particularly among the youth. The high number of detected illegal entities necessitates fundamental educational intervention. The objective of this community service project is to equip students with an in-depth understanding of the dangers posed by these two illegal practices and to enhance their Sharia Financial Literacy as an ethical defense mechanism based on Islamic law. The methodology employed was an interactive and educational training session held at SMP Syubbanul Wathon Tegalrejo on November 15, 2024. The service material included a description of Judol and Pinjol, an analysis of addiction factors, and solutions guided by Sharia principles. The results demonstrate that understanding Sharia principles effectively provides an ethical framework for financial decision-making. Participants were equipped with practical skills to verify the legality of online loans with the Financial Services Authority (OJK), manage financial stress, and shift negative behavior towards positive activities.

The proliferation of Online Gambling (Judol) and Illegal Online Loans (Pinjol) poses a serious threat to the financial stability and morality of society, particularly among the youth. The high number of detected illegal entities necessitates fundamental educational intervention. The objective of this community service project is to equip students with an in-depth understanding of the dangers posed by these two illegal practices and to enhance their Sharia Financial Literacy as an ethical defense mechanism based on Islamic law. The methodology employed was an interactive and educational training session held at SMP Syubbanul Wathon Tegalrejo on November 15, 2024. The service material included a description of Judol and Pinjol, an analysis of addiction factors, and solutions guided by Sharia principles. The results demonstrate that understanding Sharia principles effectively provides an ethical framework for financial decision-making. Participants were equipped with practical skills to verify the legality of online loans with the Financial Services Authority (OJK), manage financial stress, and shift negative behavior towards positive activities.

This study aims to explore in depth the role of God in the creation of humanity as depicted in the Book of Genesis and its relevance to contemporary Christian life. Using a qualitative method with a literature study approach, this research analyzes the texts of Genesis 1:26–28 and 2:7–8, supported by systematic theological perspectives from scholars such as Louis Berkhof and J. J. Davis. The findings reveal that God’s role is multidimensional: God as the Sovereign Designer, who initiates and perfectly orchestrates the creation process; the Personal Creator, who forms humans from the dust of the ground with purpose and intimacy; the Giver of Life, who breathes the breath of life into humanity; and the Mandate Giver, who delegates authority and responsibility to humans to govern His creation. This understanding has profound theological and ethical implications, particularly for the formation of Christian identity rooted in the image and likeness of God (imago Dei), the strengthening of ecological responsibility toward environmental stewardship, and the cultivation of a transformative spirituality centered on living out God’s will in daily life. Therefore, this study concludes that the doctrine of creation is not merely a historical truth but an existential foundation that guides the faith, morality, and practical life of believers in responding to contemporary spiritual and social challenges.

The Qur’an is not only a source of law and moral guidance for Muslims but also a manifestation of harmony between aesthetics and ethics that shapes human spirituality. This study aims to explore the integration of aesthetic and ethical functions in Qur’anic recitation (tilawah), examining the relationship between the beauty of voice and the nobility of character in articulating the divine revelation. Using a descriptive qualitative method through a literature study, the research finds that the aesthetic aspect is reflected in the application of tajwid, melodic arrangement (maqamat), vocal beauty, and rhythmic harmony. Meanwhile, the ethical aspect is expressed through sincerity, humility, respectfulness in recitation, and the embodiment of Qur’anic values in daily life. The findings reveal that true beauty in Qur’anic recitation lies not merely in the pleasantness of the voice or technical mastery but in the purity of intention and spiritual depth of the reciter. The integration of aesthetics and ethics serves as a crucial foundation for nurturing spiritual depth, moral character, and cultural appreciation of the Qur’an, particularly in the context of Islamic education and da’wah. Thus, reading the Qur’an with both aesthetic and ethical awareness is not only an artistic expression but also an act of worship that unites beauty, morality, and devotion to Allah SWT in a holistic manner.

Indonesia's rapid population growth, particularly among adolescents, has raised concerns regarding its social and reproductive health implications, including rising rates of unintended pregnancies, premarital sexual activity, and the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In response to these issues, the government issued Government Regulation (GR) No. 28 of 2024 as a derivative of Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health. One of its provisions regulates the provision of contraceptives for school-aged children and adolescents. This study aims to examine the implications of this provision in relation to religious values, social morality, and the direction of national health policy. The research employs a normative qualitative approach using juridical-philosophical analysis, along with an assessment of public responses, religious leaders’ perspectives, and the views of state institutions regarding the regulation. The findings indicate that Article 103 paragraph (4) letter e has sparked controversy due to the use of the term "provision," which is perceived as ambiguous and contradictory to religious norms particularly Islamic teachings and is viewed as potentially legitimizing premarital sexual behavior among students. These findings highlight the necessity for the government to reassess regulations that conflict with religious and local cultural values. Furthermore, the study advocates for strengthening preventive reproductive health education grounded in religious and moral principles, rather than directly providing contraceptives within school settings.

This study examines the role of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia (Mahkamah Konstitusi/MK) as a positive legislator through the lens of the living constitution approach, which conceptualizes the constitution as a dynamic and evolving document responding to social and political change. The main problem addressed is the extent to which the MK’s judicial activism in interpreting and even creating new legal norms aligns with constitutional principles, democratic legitimacy, and the balance of powers between the judiciary and the legislature. The objective of the research is to analyze how the MK’s progressive interpretations have transformed it from a negative legislator—which merely annuls unconstitutional laws—into a positive legislator that effectively fills legal gaps and constructs new constitutional meanings. Using a normative juridical method combined with case study analysis, this research explores key constitutional decisions, focusing on cases where the MK extended its interpretive authority beyond mere judicial review. The findings reveal that the MK, through the living constitution approach, justifies its role as a positive legislator by invoking principles of constitutional morality, justice, and responsiveness to societal evolution. However, this judicial creativity also generates tension with legislative supremacy and may risk overstepping the boundaries of judicial function. The synthesis of findings suggests that the MK’s transformation embodies the dynamic interplay between constitutional text and social context, reinforcing the adaptability of Indonesian constitutionalism. The study concludes that while the MK’s position as a positive legislator under the living constitution paradigm strengthens constitutional justice and protects citizens’ rights, it must remain anchored in checks and balances to prevent judicial overreach and preserve democratic legitimacy.

Christian religioun education regarding values ​​and ethics must be able to guide and  develop the  character and ethical values ​​according to what is taught in the Bible, for students at school have the right foundation from an early age. The method used is an analytical method that analyzes problems using qualitative methods with a study approach. This research relates to data or written material that is appropriate to the topic of discussion. Christ's character education method given to children is not just theoretical, but as parents directly and automatically become teachers who must teach noble values ​​in the family and provide and share role models for children to emulate. Character education is a system of instilling and developing character values ​​in children which includes knowledge, awareness or will, and actions to implement these values, both towards God, oneself, others, the environment and nationality so that they become virtuous human beings.