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The use of moldboard plows in agricultural land preparation often faces wear problems on the share component, leading to increased maintenance time and reduced operational efficiency. This study aims to design and analyze a modular concept for the plow share to improve maintenance and repair efficiency without compromising structural performance. The research methods include field observation, component dimension measurement, design modeling using CAD software, and structural analysis using the Finite Element Analysis  (FEA) method. In addition, maintenance ease was evaluated through a questionnaire based on a rating scale. The results show that the modular design significantly improves maintenance and repair efficiency, with an average score of 4.59 categorized as very good. Structural analysis indicates that the modular design reduces maximum stress on the moldboard and slightly decreases deformation, reflecting improved structural stiffness compared to the conventional design. However, the Safety Factor on the share component remains below the acceptable limit, indicating the need for further development. Overall, the modular design provides an effective solution to enhance maintenance efficiency while maintaining the structural performance of the moldboard plow.

Dysmenorrhea remains a common health problem among adolescent girls and may interfere with their daily activities. This condition is not only associated with hormonal factors but is also influenced by dietary intake patterns and body fat distribution. This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach involving 207 adolescent girls selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using several instruments, including a Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) to assess magnesium intake, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR/RLPP) measurements using a measuring tape, and menstrual pain intensity assessed using a pain scale. The relationships between variables were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that magnesium intake demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with pain intensity, indicating that higher magnesium intake was associated with lower menstrual pain levels. In addition, WHR was also significantly associated with dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. Overall, it can be concluded that magnesium intake and WHR are related to the occurrence of dysmenorrhea.

This study aims to analyze the extent of the effect of honey bee pollen supplementation on increasing appetite and body weight in anemic children. The type of research used in this study is an experimental study with a pre- and post-test one-group design. The research sample consisted of 52 anemic fourth- and fifth-grade elementary school students. The average total food intake (Yellow Rice) showed a significant result (P=0.000), increasing from 241.40±94.334 g to 354.94±122.57 g after the final measurement of ad libitum appetite. The average body weight also showed a significant result (P=0.00), with a mean of 23.59±5.29 kg at pre-test and rising to 24.65±5.58 kg at post-test. The Z-Score calculation for weight-for-age based on the WHO NCHS reference showed a non-significant result: P=0.0180 (0.01±0.04) at pre-test and 0.03±0.08 at post-test. Based on the 24-hour recall analysis over two days, a significant result was obtained (P=0.000), with total energy intake of elementary school students increasing from an average of 1,594±420.17 kcal before intervention to 2,070.2±491.77 kcal after two months of intervention. After statistical testing (Paired T-Test), a P-value of 0.00 (<0.05) was obtained. It can be concluded that the administration of honey bee pollen for 8 weeks at a dose of 25 grams per day significantly increased appetite and body weight in anemic elementary school children.

The increasing elderly population presents challenges in healthcare services, particularly related to decreased mobility and independence in daily activities. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in maintaining and improving the mobility function of older adults through appropriate evaluation and intervention approaches. One simple, valid, and reliable measurement tool for assessing functional mobility is the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). This study aims to examine the role of physiotherapy in increasing independence in older adults through functional mobility assessment using the TUG. The method used was a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional approach in a group of older adults. Measurements were conducted using the TUG to assess mobility, balance, and fall risk. The assessment results were then used as the basis for planning physiotherapy interventions, which included muscle strength training, balance training, and functional exercises. The results showed that older adults with better TUG scores had higher levels of independence in daily activities. Targeted physiotherapy interventions based on TUG results have proven effective in improving mobility and reducing fall risk. Therefore, using the TUG as an initial assessment tool is crucial in determining appropriate rehabilitation strategies. In conclusion, physiotherapy plays a significant role in increasing the independence of older adults through an approach based on functional mobility assessment using the TUG. Routine implementation of this assessment is expected to support optimal quality of life for older adults.

Preeclampsia remains a major contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. Early detection and integrated management at the primary healthcare level are essential to prevent disease progression and improve maternal outcomes.  Modifiable risk factors such as maternal obesity, inadequate calcium intake, and poor clinical management contribute significantly to disease progression (WHO, 2021; Zhang et al., 2020). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an Integrated Maternal Health Model (IMHM) combining risk assessment, nutritional intervention, and clinical management for early prevention and control of preeclampsia in primary healthcare settings. A quasi-experimental cohort study was conducted among 104 pregnant women, consisting of 52 preeclamptic and 52 normotensive participants in community health centers in Medan, Indonesia. Data were collected across four antenatal visits, including blood pressure measurements, proteinuria (dipstick), calcium intake, supplementation adherence, and antihypertensive therapy. Statistical analyses included bivariate and longitudinal tests. The results showed that maternal obesity, history of preeclampsia, and hypertension were significant risk factors. Adequate calcium intake demonstrated a protective effect against preeclampsia (p < 0.05), consistent with recent evidence indicating that calcium supplementation can reduce the risk of preeclampsia by up to 49%. However, calcium supplementation did not significantly influence blood pressure among normotensive pregnant women. Antihypertensive therapy, particularly intensive nifedipine regimens, showed significant differences in blood pressure patterns across visits (p < 0.05). In addition, proteinuria levels significantly decreased over time (p < 0.001), indicating improvement in renal function. In conclusion, the IMHM is effective in improving maternal outcomes through a multi-component approach integrating clinical, nutritional, and monitoring strategies. This model provides a practical and scalable framework for early prevention and management of preeclampsia in primary healthcare settings.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease often referred to as a silent killer because it generally does not present noticeable symptoms. Several risk factors contribute to the development of hypertension, including high body mass index (BMI) and low levels of physical activity. However, data regarding the association between BMI, physical activity, and hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City, remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between body mass index and physical activity with hypertension among adults at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City, from November 19 to December 6, 2025. The study population consisted of all adult patients with hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, totaling 2,797 individuals. A sample of 93 respondents was selected using an accidental sampling technique. Data were collected using observation sheets through measurements of height and weight to calculate BMI, as well as the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the chi-square statistical test. The univariate analysis showed that 27 respondents (29.0%) were classified as severely obese, 42 respondents (45.2%) had a low level of physical activity, and 28 respondents (30.1%) were categorized as having stage 2 hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City. The bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between body mass index and physical activity with blood pressure among patients with hypertension (p = 0.000). It is expected that healthcare providers at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center will continue to provide education regarding the importance of controlling body mass index and engaging in regular physical activity, as these factors contribute to increased blood pressure among patients with hypertension.

This study aims to develop a Puzzle Book learning media for the topic of angle measurement and to examine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness for third-grade elementary school students. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model and involved 26 third-grade students as participants. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and learning achievement tests, which were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods. The results showed that the Puzzle Book obtained a validity score of 98.0% from media experts and 100% from material experts, both categorized as highly valid. Student responses reached 100%, indicating that the media is highly practical and engaging. Furthermore, the analysis of learning outcomes revealed a gain score of 0.9187 in the high category, demonstrating that the Puzzle Book effectively improves students’ problem-solving abilities in angle measurement. Overall, the Puzzle Book learning media is highly feasible, practical, and effective for classroom implementation, as its interactive design and alignment with third-grade learning characteristics help students understand angle concepts more concretely, enjoyably, and meaningfully.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a cardiovascular disease that frequently causes shortness of breath (dyspnea) and negatively impacts patients’ quality of life. The management of dyspnea involves not only pharmacological approaches but also nonpharmacological interventions, one of which is handheld fan therapy, which works by stimulating sensory receptors in the facial area. This study aims to describe the effect of handheld fan therapy on reducing shortness of breath in patients with CHF. This study employed a descriptive design using a case report method on a single 63-year-old female patient diagnosed with CHF. The intervention was conducted over four days, involving the use of a handheld fan for 10 minutes, held at a distance of 15–30 cm from the face and directed toward the nose and mouth. Measurements were taken before and after the intervention using respiratory rate and oxygen saturation as parameters. The results showed a gradual decrease in respiratory rate from 24 breaths/minute to 18 breaths/minute, as well as an increase in oxygen saturation from 91% to 96% during the intervention period. These findings indicate an improvement in breathing patterns and increased respiratory efficiency in the patient. Handheld fan therapy is effective as a nonpharmacological intervention for reducing shortness of breath and improving oxygenation in patients with CHF. This intervention is safe, easy to use, and can be implemented as a complementary therapy in nursing practice.

This study aims to examine the relationship between family support and depression levels among the elderly in Pejuang Village, Bekasi City, through a descriptive-narrative literature review. The review analyzed relevant scientific articles discussing family support, social support, and depression in older adults. Literature was selected based on the suitability of the elderly population, the presence of family or social support variables, and the measurement of depressive symptoms or depression levels. The analysis compared each article’s objectives, research design, respondent characteristics, instruments, findings, and conclusions. The results indicate that most studies found a relationship between family support or social support and depression among the elderly. Adequate family support, including emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal support, helps older adults feel cared for, valued, secure, and better able to adapt to the aging process. Preliminary findings at the Elderly Posyandu in Pejuang Village also show variations in family support and depression levels among elderly participants. Conversely, limited family support may increase loneliness, psychological distress, and depressive symptoms. Therefore, family support functions as a protective factor in reducing depression risk among older adults. Strengthening the involvement of families, health workers, and elderly posyandu cadres is necessary as a promotive and preventive strategy to maintain psychological well-being through education, early detection, and sustainable community-based assistance for vulnerable elderly groups living in community and family environments.

Hypertension is a major public health concern with a high prevalence and a significant risk of complications if left uncontrolled. Effective management requires not only pharmacological treatment but also non-pharmacological approaches and active family involvement. One potential non-pharmacological therapy is the use of celery (Apium graveolens), which is believed to lower blood pressure. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of family education combined with celery decoction administration in reducing blood pressure among patients with hypertension. A descriptive case study design was employed using a family nursing care approach over three home visits, each lasting 30–45 minutes. The intervention included health education on hypertension and a demonstration of how to prepare and administer celery decoction, which was consumed twice daily. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and blood pressure measurements. The results showed a reduction in blood pressure from 159/90 mmHg to 130/80 mmHg, along with a decrease in symptoms such as headaches and dizziness. In addition, there was an improvement in family knowledge, caregiving skills, and the ability to modify the home environment. In conclusion, family-based education combined with the administration of celery decoction appears to be effective in reducing blood pressure and enhancing the family’s role in managing hypertension.

This study aims to examine the level of regional financial independence and various financial ratios in assessing the performance of regency and city governments in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) for the 2019–2024 period. The method employed is a descriptive qualitative approach supported by quantitative data in the form of Budget Realization Reports (LRA). Performance measurement was conducted through several key indicators, including independence, effectiveness, efficiency, and growth ratios. The results indicate that the level of fiscal independence remains relatively low, characterized by a high dependency on transfer funds from the central government. On the other hand, the effectiveness ratio shows good achievement, as most regions were able to meet their revenue targets, particularly from Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD). However, the efficiency of expenditure management remains uneven across regions. Furthermore, the revenue growth ratio shows fluctuations influenced by economic conditions, including the impact of the pandemic. Overall, regional financial performance still needs to be improved, especially in strengthening fiscal independence and optimizing PAD potential.

A building feasibility evaluation study is an important step to ensure the safety, comfort, and sustainability of building functions, especially in public service facilities. This activity was carried out at the PLN ULP Praya office building, Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, which has been operating since 1985. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of building feasibility based on structural, architectural, utility, safety, and health aspects of the building. The methods used included visual inspection, field measurements, hammer tests, and analysis of the condition of building elements based on building feasibility inspection standards. The inspection results showed that the building suffered severe damage characterized by foundation subsidence, large cracks in the walls, reinforcement corrosion, concrete peeling, and damage to the roof frame. The structural strength value obtained was below the construction feasibility standard so that the building was declared structurally unfit for function. Although several supporting aspects such as lighting, drainage, and sanitation systems still functioned quite well, the damaged condition of the main structure has the potential to endanger the safety of users. Therefore, rebuilding the building structure is recommended as the safest solution to ensure the safety, stability, and sustainability of the building's function in the future.

Proprioceptive sensor data, including inertial measurement units (IMU), joint encoders, and torque sensors, plays a critical role in state estimation for quadruped robots operating in dynamic and unstructured environments. However, these signals are often degraded by various sources of error, such as high-frequency noise, bias, drift, and contact-induced disturbances, which directly affect estimation accuracy and stability. This study presents a systematic analysis of sensor-specific noise characteristics and evaluates the effectiveness of preprocessing methods tailored to each sensor modality. Specifically, moving average filtering is applied to encoder signals to mitigate noise amplification during differentiation, while first-order low-pass filtering is employed for IMU and torque signals to suppress high-frequency noise. Experimental results on a publicly available quadruped dataset demonstrate that encoder velocity RMSE is reduced by 12.09%, high-frequency energy decreases by 59.63%, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improves by 145.6%. However, variance reductions remain limited (3.39% for IMU and 4.05% for torque), indicating the persistence of impulsive, non-Gaussian noise caused by contact events. These findings highlight that linear preprocessing methods are effective for attenuating high-frequency noise but insufficient for handling non-Gaussian disturbances. The study provides practical insights into the effectiveness and limitations of preprocessing strategies, serving as a foundation for developing more robust signal processing and state estimation frameworks in quadruped robotics.

Anemia in adolescents is a serious health issue that impacts students' concentration and productivity. This community service activity aims to conduct early detection of anemia through a comprehensive manual screening method at three high schools: SMA Sains Alumnika Palembang, SMA Candradimuka, and SMA Mandiri. The implementation method involved three main stages: identification of clinical signs and symptoms (5L), visual observation of the palpebral conjunctiva, and hemoglobin (Hb) level measurement using Point of Care Testing (POCT) devices. Held from April 1st to 8th, 2026, the activity involved the active participation of students and school authorities as an effort toward independent nutritional surveillance. The screening results showed a correlation between subjective symptoms, pale conjunctiva conditions, and Hb measurement results in the field. Changes in students' behavior regarding nutritional intake and the emergence of new awareness among school authorities about the importance of routine check-ups served as indicators of successful social transformation. In conclusion, integrated manual screening is highly effective as a preventive health measure for adolescents within educational environments.

This study aims to examine the quality of assessment instruments in educational research through a literature review approach. The focus of this study includes the analysis of validity, reliability, item difficulty level, and item discrimination index as the main indicators in determining instrument quality. This research employs a literature review method by examining various relevant scientific sources published within the last five years. The findings indicate that validity plays a role in ensuring the accuracy of the instrument in measuring the intended construct, while reliability refers to the consistency of measurement results. In addition, the difficulty level provides an overview of item characteristics, and the discrimination index functions to differentiate students' abilities. These four aspects are interrelated and serve as the foundation for producing accurate and effective assessment instruments. The implications of this study suggest that comprehensive instrument testing is essential to improve the quality of educational evaluation and to support appropriate decision-making in the field of education.

The internationalisation of SMEs in the era of the global economy is still faced with low strategic readiness, limited innovation capacity, and sub-optimal digital transformation. This study aims to test a model of SME internationalisation strategy based on innovation and digital transformation. The study employs a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey design involving 200 owners or key managers of SMEs in East Java, selected through purposive sampling. Data were analysed using SEM-PLS through measurement model evaluation, structural model evaluation, and bootstrapping tests. The results indicate that innovation has a positive effect on digital transformation and internationalisation strategy, whilst digital transformation has a positive effect on internationalisation strategy. The indirect effect of innovation on internationalisation strategy via digital transformation is also significant, indicating partial mediation. These findings confirm that the internationalisation of SMEs becomes more effective when innovation and digital transformation are coherently integrated into business models and external market orientation. Implicitly, strengthening the global competitiveness of SMEs requires simultaneous intervention in business model renewal, digital capabilities, and policy ecosystem support.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of credit risk on profitability with liquidity as a mediating variable in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2022–2024. The study employed a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. Secondary data were obtained from annual financial statements, and the sample consisted of 31 banking companies selected through purposive sampling from a total of 47 companies. The research variables included credit risk as the independent variable, profitability proxied by Return on Assets (ROA) as the dependent variable, and liquidity proxied by the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) as the mediating variable. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through the assessment of the measurement model and the structural model. The results indicated that credit risk did not affect profitability and did not affect liquidity, while liquidity affected profitability. The findings also demonstrated that liquidity did not mediate the relationship between credit risk and profitability. The study implied that liquidity management played an important role in supporting bank profitability, whereas the influence of credit risk on profitability during the study period was likely driven by other factors outside the proposed model. This study provided empirical evidence on banking performance dynamics in 2022–2024; however, generalization should have been made cautiously due to the limited observation period and the variables included.

The transformation of revolving funds from the former PNPM Mandiri program into BUM Desa Bersama entities requires accountable financial management aligned with applicable accounting standards. However, inconsistencies between regulations and accounting practices remain. This study analyzes the recognition and measurement of revolving fund assets at BUM Desa Bersama Ajimas Lestari LKD in Ajibarang and assesses their compliance with Ministerial Regulation of Village PDTT No. 136 of 2022 and SAK ETAP. Using a qualitative case study approach, data are collected through interviews, observation, and documentation involving five internal informants. The results show that asset recognition follows regulations, where revolving funds are recorded as receivables upon loan distribution to Women’s Savings and Loan (SPP) groups at nominal value. However, discrepancies persist in asset measurement and presentation, particularly in receivable classification and the placement of allowance for doubtful accounts under equity. These issues stem from limited human resource capacity, lack of a standardized accounting information system, and weak supervision. Strengthening accounting competence and implementing standardized financial reporting systems are essential to improve accountability and transparency in managing community revolving funds.

This study analyzes the performance of the Dual Modulus RSA algorithm in securing text data using Python. The rapid growth of digital technology has increased the risk of data security threats, making efficient and secure encryption essential. Dual Modulus RSA is a modification of the classic RSA algorithm that uses two different moduli in the encryption and decryption process, thus increasing security levels because attackers must factorize two moduli simultaneously. This research uses an experimental quantitative approach by measuring the execution time of encryption and decryption processes with variations in plaintext length (5, 10, and 15 characters). Implementation was carried out using Python 3 with the time.perf_counter() function for microsecond-precision measurement. The results show that the Dual Modulus RSA algorithm successfully encrypts and decrypts all test plaintexts correctly. Encryption time ranged from 0.0212 ms to 0.0823 ms, while decryption time ranged from 0.0422 ms to 0.0955 ms. There is a positive linear relationship between plaintext length and processing time. Decryption is consistently slower than encryption due to the larger private key exponent (d1=2753, d2=3533) compared to the public exponent (e=17). The main factors affecting performance are exponent size, dual modulus overhead, CPU caching effects, and Python interpretation overhead. This study recommends using Dual Modulus RSA with hybrid encryption for practical implementation to balance security and performance.

Undernutrition among children under five remains a significant public health challenge in Indonesia, including in Ogan Ilir District. This condition can adversely affect growth, cognitive development, and immune function. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with undernutrition among children under five in the working area of Seri Tanjung Public Health Center, Ogan Ilir District, in 2025. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 95 children under five were selected using cluster sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews using a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of weight-for-age (W/A), then analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that economic status (p=0.012; OR=3.25; 95%CI=1.29–8.20), environmental sanitation (p=0.021; OR=2.98; 95%CI=1.18–7.53), infectious diseases (p=0.004; OR=3.85; 95%CI=1.55–9.58), and maternal health history (p=0.037; OR=2.67; 95%CI=1.06–6.74) were significantly associated with undernutrition. The strongest influencing factor was infectious diseases. This study recommends strengthening infection prevention efforts, improving environmental sanitation, providing nutrition education for families, and monitoring maternal health during pregnancy to reduce the prevalence of undernutrition among children under five.