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The function of Prosecutorial Intelligence (Intel Kejaksaan) holds a crucial strategic role, not only in supporting prosecution duties but also in crime prevention, safeguarding national development, and recovering state assets. Despite having a strong legal basis and a broad mandate, this function often faces operational challenges, data integration issues, and resource optimization constraints that limit its effectiveness within the dynamic law enforcement ecosystem. This research aims to deeply analyze the role and challenges of Prosecutorial Intelligence and formulate a model for optimizing its function to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement in Indonesia. The research methodology employed is normative and sociological juridical with a qualitative approach, gathering data through literature review, regulatory study, and in-depth interviews with practitioners and academics. The findings indicate that the optimization of the Prosecutorial Intelligence function requires three main pillars: (1) Enhancing the capacity and professionalism of human resources (HR) through modern intelligence training and digital forensics. (2) Integrating and ensuring interoperability of the intelligence information system with other law enforcement agencies (Police, KPK, PPATK) to build a comprehensive intelligence big data. (3) Expanding the spectrum of intelligence operations, shifting from a traditional focus on corruption crimes to transnational crimes, cybercrime, and securing strategic national investments. This optimization is expected to transform Prosecutorial Intelligence into a proactive, data-oriented strategic early warning system capable of supporting Prosecutors in making evidence-based decisions, thus achieving effective, just, and impactful law enforcement for the community.

The development of digital technology has brought major changes in various aspects of human life, especially in the fields of education and the world of work. In this modern era, laptops have become one of the essential devices, especially for students who also work. Laptops are not only used to complete academic assignments, but also to support professional work and daily social activities. One of the most popular laptop brands is the Apple MacBook, which is known for its elegant design, high performance, long battery life, and excellence in integration between devices through the Apple ecosystem. In the environment of the University of 17 August 1945 Surabaya, MacBooks are increasingly popular among working students because they are considered devices that support high productivity and are valuable long-term investments. This study aims to analyze the influence of lifestyle and reference groups on the decision to purchase Apple laptops (Macbook) among working students. The research method used is a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires online via Google Form. The sampling technique applied is convenience sampling, with a total of 90 respondents who are active students who also work. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results of the study indicate that simultaneously Lifestyle and Reference Groups have a positive and significant effect on the Purchase Decision of Apple laptops (Macbook) among students working at the University of 17 August 1945 Surabaya. This finding provides important insights for manufacturers, marketers, and academics in designing more targeted marketing strategies, while also helping students in making rational and appropriate purchasing decisions.  

This research analyzes the role of Islamic business ethics in investment decisions in Islamic financial institutions. The background is the rapid growth of the Islamic economy, so that Islamic values such as the prohibition of riba/gharar/maisir, fairness, and transparency become important as a foundation for fair and sustainable investmentsfile. The objective is to explore how sharia principles influence the selection process and investment decisions. The method used is a comprehensive literature study, with literature analysis from books, journals, and academic publications related to Islamic economics. The main findings show that Islamic financial institutions incorporate Islamic ethical values into their investment practices: Islamic banks exercise supervision by the Sharia Supervisory Board and specific codes of conduct; Islamic mutual funds and capital markets apply screening through the Sharia Securities List and DSN-MUI fatwas; Islamic fintech refers to DSN fatwas and emphasizes transparency of fees as well as fairness of return distribution. In conclusion, the integration of Islamic ethical values in the investment process helps build a sustainable and fair Islamic investment system, by emphasizing honesty, fairness and social responsibility in every investment decision.

The issue of fairness in regional development in Indonesia remains a significant challenge, particularly concerning the disparities between urban and rural areas, Java and outside Java, as well as between the western and eastern regions of Indonesia. This imbalance reflects an uneven distribution of investments influenced by the national political-economic structure. The sectoral development approach has been deemed inadequate in addressing these disparities, making the regional-based approach an alternative option to prioritize development in accordance with local potential. Several regional growth theories, such as the export base theory, resource advantage theory, and neoclassical approach, assert that a region's economic growth heavily depends on the availability of natural resources, labor, capital, and technological innovation. The primary indicator for assessing growth and economic well-being in society is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) The increase in GDP accompanied by a decrease in the unemployment rate serves as an indicator of successful development. Therefore, the strengthening of regional development needs to be accompanied by equitable investment strategies and approaches that are appropriate to local characteristics so that the growth achieved can be inclusive and fair.

As China accelerates Hainan's development into a globally competitive Free Trade Port (FTP), this study examines how strategic policies are transforming the island into an international tourism hub. Against the backdrop of China's dual-circulation economic strategy, the research employs policy analysis, tourism statistics (2018-2023), and case studies of key projects like the Haitang Bay duty-free shopping complex and Sanya's luxury resort developments to assess Hainan's transformation. The methodology combines quantitative analysis of visitor growth patterns with qualitative evaluation of infrastructure investments and marketing campaigns targeting international markets. Findings reveal that visa-free policies for 59 countries and expanded duty-free quotas (100,000 RMB annually per visitor) have increased foreign tourist arrivals by 48% since 2020, while digital initiatives like the "Hainan Travel App" have enhanced visitor experiences. However, results also identify persistent challenges including seasonal tourism imbalances, environmental pressures from coastal development, and competition with established Southeast Asian destinations. The study concludes that while Hainan has successfully elevated its status among Chinese domestic tourists, achieving global hub status requires improved air connectivity, cultural tourism diversification beyond beach resorts, and stronger sustainability measures - offering valuable lessons for tourism-led development in emerging economies.  

The implementation of Regional Autonomy will encourage an increase in the welfare of the regional people, especially the poor. With Regional Autonomy, it will be easier for the poor to access resources and develop their potential to be able to increase the progress of their respective regions, so that the gap between regions and the center can be narrowed. This is because rebellions and separatist actions in the regions, according to some experts, originate from regional assessments that do not fairly receive most of the country's wealth originating from the regions. So the roots of these political demands are demands for economic justice, an unfair distribution of the cake between the center and the regions. The method used in this study is a method of quantitative data analysis and data analysis method using a path diagram with 6 dimensions of measurement, namely, factors supporting regional finance (Regional Original Income, Central Government Transfer Income, Regional Transfers, Investment, Degree of Economic Exploitation), Financing Development, and Level of People's Welfare in Kutai Kartanegara Regency in 2013-2021. Regional Own Revenue, Central Government Transfer Funds, Transfers to Regions, and Investments have a significant effect on development financing in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. However, the degree of direct economic exploitation has no significant effect on development financing and the level of welfare in Kutai Kartanegara Regency.    

PT Bank Syariah's use of mudharabah concepts in Islamic accounting is examined in this paper. An agreement for profit sharing between the fund manager (mudharib) and the fund owner (shahibul maal) is known as mudharabah. The purpose of this research is to investigate how well mudharabah concepts align with the National Sharia Council's Fatwa and PSAK No. 105. The results show that PT Bank Syariah has applied mudharabah accounting principles in accordance with PSAK 105 in measuring, recognizing, presenting, and disclosing mudharabah financing transactions. However, the implementation of mudharabah pillars and conditions has not fully complied with the Fatwa of the National Sharia Council. Transaction recording uses the completion date method and cash recognition. Mudharabah investments are presented at their carrying value. Nevertheless, the portion of mudharabah financing is still smaller compared to murabahah contracts. This study concludes that PT Bank Syariah needs to improve the conformity of mudharabah principles with the Fatwa of the National Sharia Council.

This research examines the legal status of nominee agreements within Indonesia's civil law system and their legal consequences for the parties involved. Amid increasing foreign investment in Indonesia, the phenomenon of nominee agreements has created tension between global economic interests and the principle of nationalism in land ownership. Using normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches, this research analyzes nominee agreements within the framework of the Indonesian Civil Code and the Basic Agrarian Law. The findings reveal that nominee agreements have no valid legal status as they contradict Articles 21 and 26 paragraph (2) of the Basic Agrarian Law and fail to fulfill the lawful cause requirement under Article 1320 of the Civil Code. Doctrinally, these agreements fall under the category of absolute nullity (void ab initio) as they constitute a form of legal circumvention (fraus legis). The legal consequences for all parties are detrimental, Indonesian citizens acting as nominees potentially face criminal charges and loss of land rights, while foreign citizens as beneficial owners have no legal protection for their investments.

This study analyzes integrated modeling for renewable energy development in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, focusing on enhancing sustainable energy systems. The projection for renewable energy usage is expected to reach 23% by 2025. This research identifies various challenges, including dependence on fossil fuels and energy shortages due to inadequate infrastructure. The study employs a quantitative descriptive approach and dynamic system modeling to evaluate the potential of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and biomass. The findings indicate that strategic interventions can significantly increase the penetration of renewable energy from 1-2% to 30-40% by 2040, while also reducing carbon emissions and improving energy security. The implications of this research highlight the importance of supportive policies and investments in renewable energy technologies to achieve a sustainable energy transition.

The geopolitical relations between China and Afghanistan have undergone significant transformations in recent years, shaped by regional dynamics, security imperatives, economic cooperation, and strategic interests. As a neighboring country with extensive global influence, China has adopted a pragmatic approach toward Afghanistan, seeking to balance its economic investments with security considerations. This study explores the historical trajectory of Sino-Afghan relations, identifies the key factors influencing their bilateral interactions, and examines Afghanistan’s strategic importance within the broader regional ambitions of China—particularly in relation to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It also briefly investigates China's role in Afghanistan’s political landscape following 2001 and analyzes its evolving stance after the Taliban's return to power in 2021. Furthermore, the research highlights the economic, security, and diplomatic dimensions of the two countries’ relationship and evaluates how Beijing’s strategic calculations in Afghanistan align with its broader regional objectives—especially concerning security stability (counterterrorism) and economic expansion. From a geopolitical standpoint, this paper offers insights into the long-term implications of China’s engagement with Afghanistan and its broader impact on the regional power dynamics, using a descriptive-analytical methodology.

This study investigates the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) on firm value, with Green Innovation (GI) as a moderating variable. The research is based on secondary data from manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2021 to 2023, analyzed using path analysis with a moderated regression approach in SPSS. The findings reveal that ESG has a significant but negative impact on firm value, suggesting that ESG investments may be perceived as cost burdens in the short term. Meanwhile, EMA does not have a significant effect on firm value, indicating that its role in firm valuation remains unclear. The moderating role of GI does not significantly strengthen the relationship between ESG and firm value, while the interaction between EMA and GI negatively affects firm value,implying that green innovation strategies may introduce additional financial burdens. These findings highlight the complexity of sustainability investments and emphasize the need for a balanced approach to ESG and EMA implementation to optimize long-term firm value. The study contributes to legitimacy and stakeholder theories by demonstrating how sustainability strategies can influence financial outcomes. It provides practical insights for businesses to develop more effective ESG disclosure and EMA implementation strategies that align with investor expectations and long-term firm sustainability

Education is widely recognized as a crucial investment with significant economic and social benefits. This study employs a bibliometric approach to analyze trends, influential works, and research patterns related to Return on Education (RoE). Using Google Scholar as the primary data source, publication metadata were retrieved and analyzed with VOSviewer to visualize co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrences, and citation relationships. The findings indicate an increasing research focus on RoE, particularly in areas concerning economic returns, labor market alignment, and educational policy optimization. The keyword analysis highlights the importance of skill development, policy adaptation, and industry collaboration in maximizing educational returns. Additionally, citation network analysis reveals the most influential studies shaping this field. Despite its contributions, this study acknowledges limitations in data completeness due to Google Scholar’s metadata constraints. The insights derived from this analysis provide valuable guidance for policymakers, educators, and researchers in enhancing the effectiveness of educational investments.

The pharmaceutical industry operates under a strict regulatory framework to ensure that the products produced are safe, of high quality, and effective. These regulations are continuously updated to keep up with advancements in science, technological developments, and global demands for higher quality standards. The pharmaceutical industry also faces the challenge of global regulatory harmonization, such as standards set by WHO and PIC/S. These regulations are designed to ensure drug quality from development to distribution. Changes in Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) regulations are crucial for improving pharmaceutical production quality in Indonesia. This study aims to conduct a gap analysis between the 2018 GMP and the draft 2024 GMP Annex 1, particularly in terms of equipment, supporting facilities, and personnel. The method used is a comparative analysis by comparing the provisions of the 2018 GMP with the draft 2024 GMP. The gap analysis results between the 2018 GMP and the draft 2024 GMP Annex 1 in terms of equipment, supporting facilities, personnel, and sterile product completion indicate significant changes in the adopted standards. The proposed 2024 GMP revision introduces substantial improvements in sterile product manufacturing standards. As part of efforts to enhance global competitiveness, the Indonesian pharmaceutical industry must continue to adapt to dynamic technological and regulatory changes. By implementing various strategies—including substantial investments in modern equipment, adjustments to supporting facilities, and capacity building for personnel—the Indonesian pharmaceutical industry can meet global standards while ensuring the availability of safe, high-quality, and effective sterile products for the public.

The objective in this study involves demonstrating the importance in the role of Islamic economic units in eradicating accounting illiteracy, because the adoption of specific basics can enhance transparency and contribute to improving the level of financial reporting, which enhances confidence between investors and customers and thus facilitates decision-making and enables shareholders through informed decisions based on accurate financial information provided by those units, which achieves sustainable economic development and enhances the ability of those units to adapt to economic and social variables as The adoption of these units of Islamic accounting standards based on the principles of Islamic Sharia will help enable individuals working in these units and stakeholders to understand the principles of Islamic accounting and associated standards and then direct them towards correct investment decisions, this research used the deductive approach in the theoretical side and the inductive approach in the practical side by preparing a survey list for a sample of workers in Islamic economic units as well as investors and stakeholders, as the sample included 70 forms that were analyzed statistically. Using the SPSS program, it was concluded that there is a role for the adoption of Islamic economic units of AAOIFI  standards in the eradication of accounting illiteracy and its reflection on investment decisions, and the research recommends the need to pay attention to important methods and procedures in promoting accounting literacy in Islamic economic units through the organization of workshops and training courses for employees.Establishing educational curricula commensurate with their needs, cooperating with educational institutions, and preparing partnerships with universities and institutes to provide specialized educational programs to support this field, as accounting literacy in Islamic economic units needs integrated efforts based on activating Islamic accounting standards, which contributes to achieving sustainable development and enhancing economic performance.

Based on the great development that has included all aspects of life, including financial investment, and with the entry of technology with all its strength in facilitating business, great thought has begun to be given to explaining how technology affects investor behavior when entering the securities market. The research dealt with a digital platform (Trader4) and its impact on attracting investors to invest through it. The results showed that digital platforms have a great impact on investor behavior by providing many services that facilitate work for the investor, which prompted many investors to resort to digital platforms and invest through them and leave traditional markets. This gave indications that digital platforms have changed investor behavior through the attraction factors that they used towards the investor. The research presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which was to work on raising awareness and understanding among investors through the media and publishing on how to choose the right path in building their financial investments and using technology in its forms that help build society financially and investment-wise.

Power Index is a strategic indicator measuring a nation's military, economic, and geopolitical capabilities, closely tied to national defense and security. This study examines key factors such as currency exchange rates, GDP, education levels, and technology penetration in shaping the Power Index. Economic stability underpins defense development, while advanced education and digital infrastructure drive innovations in military technology and cybersecurity. Developed countries dominate defense capabilities due to robust technological infrastructures, while developing nations show potential through investments in education and technology. Beta distribution regression, with its suitability for bounded variables, was utilized to model the Power Index. The study provides insights into the interplay between economic, educational, and technological factors, supporting strategic policymaking to strengthen national defense in a dynamic global landscape.

Sharia cooperatives are Sharia-based economic institutions that play a strategic role in empowering the economy of the Muslim community. By adhering to principles such as the prohibition of riba (usury), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling), as well as implementing profit-sharing systems (mudharabah or musharakah), Sharia cooperatives provide a fair, transparent, and inclusive alternative to support economic activities in society. These cooperatives aim not only to achieve financial gains but also to fulfill social missions, such as poverty alleviation, equitable welfare distribution, and holistic improvement of the community’s quality of life. Various products and services offered—such as Sharia savings, halal financing, and Sharia-compliant investments—provide financial solutions that align with Islamic values and meet societal needs. Nevertheless, the implementation of Sharia cooperatives faces several challenges, including limited public understanding, competition with conventional financial institutions, and constraints in human resources and capital. Through public education, capacity building for cooperative managers, and comprehensive government policy support, Sharia cooperatives hold great potential to become a key instrument in fostering a more just, equitable, and sustainable economy. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating Sharia values into cooperative management to ensure its contribution to the sustained welfare of the community.

The interest rate in the Iraqi economy represents an active and important element in the management of monetary policy in the Iraqi economy, as it is used by the monetary authority represented by the Central Bank of Iraq to influence the money supply, as well as the impact of this also by allocating the available resources for savings among foreign investments to achieve the central goal of the monetary authority of achieving stability in prices such as the interest rate and various prices and values of investments together and thus achieve balance at the economic and financial levels. This research analyzes the relationship between interest rate changes (IRC) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Iraqi economy during the period from (2004-2023). Multiple analytical tools were used, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, time series analysis, and prediction models using ARIMA and Prophet. The results showed an association between the two variables under consideration, with the ability of the ARIMA and Prophet models to provide accurate forecasts of future   FDI trends. A quantitative methodology that includes descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, time series models, and forecasting tools has been adopted to clarify the relationship between the two variables and draw conclusions that support economic decision-making.

The financial literacy level in Indonesia, particularly among vocational high school (SMK) students, remains low. Limited understanding of investments and the high risk of falling victim to fraudulent schemes are major concerns. This financial literacy seminar aimed to provide basic knowledge about investments, their types, steps to start investing, and characteristics of fraudulent investments. The seminar was conducted at an SMK in Bekasi using an interactive lecture method and was attended by 45 students. The seminar began with material presentation, followed by a Q&A session and an interactive quiz. The results showed that most participants understood the material and were able to distinguish between low-risk and high-risk investments. Approximately half of the participants actively engaged in discussions, indicating increased awareness of the importance of financial literacy. Participants responded positively to the seminar and expressed interest in similar programs with different themes in the future. In conclusion, this seminar effectively improved the financial literacy of SMK students and made a positive contribution to building a financially aware younger generation.

Public enthusiasm for government bonds is high due to the view that such investments are considered more saving and promising. In 1950 the government issued ORI with interest of 3% per year, but the bonds failed to pay because the government at that time did not have enough money so that many investors holding bonds as Government Debt Instruments experienced losses. In this research, a juridical analysis of the position of the parties in Government Debt Instruments (SUN) was carried out and an analysis of the form of legal protection for holders of Government Debt Instruments (SUN) in the risk of default provided by the government. The research method used in writing this law is normative juridical, with a statutory approach. There are findings that installments of principal and interest on state debt securities will be included as expenditure items in the APBN each year. In the event that the risk of default does not sever the civil relationship between the SUN Issuer and the SUN holder as an Investor in a civil relationship, investors who suffer losses based on their civil rights can file a lawsuit for default due to the risk of default.