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The aim to be achieved through this research is analyzing and knowing the Effect of Foreign Direct Investment and Domestic Direct Investment with Total Population on Economic Growth and Welfare in Berau Regency. by using analysis path. This study is causality, which analyzes the effect of variables Independnt on the variables Dependent. The variables used are variables of Foreign Direct Investment and Domestic Direct Investment with Total Population on Economic Growth and Welfare in Berau Regency. He data used in this study are the secondary time series data from 2010 to 2017 sourced from the Provincial BPS and other sources in the Provincial Government of East Kalimantan. The data that has been collected is then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to provide the proposed hypothesis by using analysis path. The results show that the Foreign Direct Investment has a negatif and not significant on Economic Growht. Domestic Direct Investment has a positive and not Significant on Economic Growht. Total Population has a negatif and not significant on Economic Growth. Foreign Direct Investment has a positive and significant on Welfare. Domestic Direct Investment has a positive and not significant on Welfare. Total Population has a positive and significant on Welfare. Economic Growth has a positive and not significant on Welfare.

According to the Indonesian Statistics Agency (BPS), economic growth in 2023 is estimated to remain strong in the range of 5.05% (yoy), this economic growth is better compared to the last two years considering that the government continues to optimize the recovery period from Covid-19. According to Sadono Sukirno (in Puspitasari et al., 2024) one of the policies to accelerate the development process is to increase government savings, the savings rate Economic growth can be interpreted as a process of increasing the value of output per capita in the long term. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Tax Revenue, Foreign Investment (PMA), Domestic Investment (PMDN) on economic growth in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach using time series data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency of Indonesia (BPS) for 2014-2023. The data analysis technique uses multiple regression analysis using the E-views 10 program. The results of the study determine that tax revenue has a significant effect on economic growth in Indonesia, foreign capital revenue (PMA) has a negative and insignificant effect on economic growth, while domestic capital revenue (PMDN) has a positive and significant effect on economic growth.

This article discusses the role and strategies of multinational companies, with a focus on Nestlé Indonesia, in supporting economic development. Nestlé, as an example of a multinational company, operates in various countries and contributes to local economic growth through investment and innovation. This research identifies the scope of multinational companies and the strategies implemented by Nestlé in facing global challenges and complying with international regulations. In addition, this article highlights the importance of appropriate regulations to support the existence of multinational companies in the global market, as well as their positive impact on the national economy.

the impact of multinational corporations (MNCs) in influencing the sources of international law. MNCs play a significant role in the global economy, especially in developing countries, which require foreign investment. The existence of MNCs contributes to the formation and amendment of international treaties, even though these companies are not directly recognized as subjects of international law. The sources of international law evolve over time, including international treaties, international custom, court decisions, as well as scholarly teachings. While MNCs do not have the capacity to litigate in the International Court of Justice, they can play a role in international arbitration and influence the legal policies of the countries in which they operate. The influence of MNCs on the economies of developing countries often leads to the inability of those countries to enforce national laws, due to fears of loss of investment. Therefore, while there is debate over the status of MNCs in international law, they still have a major impact in shaping and influencing the rules of international law through economic cooperation and international treaties.

The development of the National Capital City (IKN) triggers an increase in demand for goods and services, especially in the construction and basic needs sectors, which can cause a spike in regional and national inflation. Monetary policy faces new challenges, including increasing interest rates and the risk of rupiah exchange rate volatility due to dependence on foreign debt financing. These projects also influence economic distribution, creating investment opportunities, but potentially increasing economic inequality. This research emphasizes the importance of coordination between monetary and fiscal policies to mitigate negative impacts on national economic stability.

Cost Recovery is a vital element in production sharing contracts (PSCs) within the oil and gas sector, allowing contractors to recover costs incurred during exploration and production through revenues generated from oil and gas production. This mechanism has a direct impact on the sustainability of operations and the management of natural resources, which in turn plays a critical role in supporting the national economy.This study aims to analyze the role and contribution of the cost recovery scheme in enhancing Indonesia's economic development, focusing on optimizing state revenue, increasing both foreign and domestic investment, and promoting the development of sustainable energy infrastructure. The method used in this study is a literature review, which includes data from journals and published articles.The main findings of the study show that the cost recovery scheme not only functions as an instrument to ensure the sustainability of upstream oil and gas operations but also has a significant impact on other economic aspects. In the context of national economic development, this scheme contributes to increasing state revenue through taxes and royalties, creating jobs, and supporting local economic development in oil and gas-producing regions. Moreover, cost recovery opens up opportunities for technology transfer and enhances human resource capacity in the energy sector.

This study aims to analyze the effect of inflation, foreign investment (PMA), value added tax (VAT), and income tax (PPh) on economic growth in Indonesia in the period 2009-2023. Using quantitative methods and multiple linear regression analysis, secondary data taken from the APBN and BPS portals were processed using Eviews 10. The results of the study indicate that inflation, foreign investment, VAT, and PPh partially do not have a significant effect on economic growth. This study reveals that although fiscal and monetary policies play an important role in economic stabilization, external factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and global economic dynamics also have a major impact. The implications of this study highlight the importance of institutional and regulatory improvements to maximize the contribution of foreign investment and taxation policies to economic growth.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), DomesticDirect Investment (DDI) and Government Expenditure on economic growth in Aceh Province. In this analysis using multiple linear regression analysis models using eviews 10 software. The data used is secondary data (time series) taken from 2009-2023 for 15 years sourced from BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics) Aceh Province. The results of this study indicate that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has a probability value of 0.0595> 0.05, it can be concluded that FDI has no significant effect on economic growth in Aceh Province. Domestic Investment (PMDN) has a probability value of 0.9494> 0.05, it can be concluded that PMDN has no significant effect on economic growth in Aceh Province. Government spending has a probability value of 0.6689> 0.05, it can be concluded that government spending has no effect on economic growth in Aceh Province.

This study aims to analyze the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on citizenship policies in Indonesia and explore how changes in these policies can affect citizens' rights and national sovereignty. The research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method. A literature review is a type of research conducted by collecting and analyzing existing data or scholarly articles to address problems and understand fundamental issues. The reason for using library research is that the researcher needs data from various sources such as books and previous research journals. Using this method, the researcher identifies relevant topics aligned with the research goals and then analyzes journals and books to answer questions about how FDI significantly impacts Indonesia's economy, driving growth, job creation, and global competitiveness. However, citizenship policies related to FDI require careful attention to balance investment needs with national sovereignty. Reforming policies to simplify residency and citizenship status for foreign investors could make Indonesia a more attractive investment destination, but it might also raise concerns about the impact on the rights of native citizens and national integrity. To manage these effects, Indonesia needs to develop integrated citizenship policies, conduct regular evaluations, enhance transparency, and learn from international practices. With a careful approach, Indonesia can maximize the benefits of FDI while maintaining national interests.  

This study was aimed on analyze the competitiveness of the food industry sector, and showed the level of industrial and competitive performance of these industries, and the possibility of supporting and enhancing their competitiveness in the Iraqi economy for the period 2003-2020. Competitiveness is considered one of the most important indicators of the efficiency of the food industry tool in local and foreign markets, as competitiveness represents the ability of productive sectors of different types to distribute their products and increase their sales level. Therefore, the food industry in Iraq is considered one of the most important sectors of the manufacturing industries that suffer from problems and obstacles including a decrease in the level of competitive and industrial performance. It is believed that the problem of the research is the weak competitiveness of the food industry in Iraq due to the decline in the quality of manufactured products and the weak level of competitiveness of these products compared to imported products. The results of the study showed a decrease and fluctuation in the contribution of the manufacturing sector to the gross domestic product (GDP) in Iraq. The economic policy was not providing the possibility of an investment climate to support and enhance the private sector in industrial investment. The indicators of production requirements such as labor productivity, worker productivity, and the value added index of the food industries sector began to fluctuate between decrease and increase, and to measure the extent of the reciprocal effects between all parts of the standard model and the extent of its contribution to developing the competitive capacity of this sector.

Crude Oil, which has long been a mainstay sector in Indonesia's exports, contributes greatly to state revenue, thus driving the pace of national economic growth. In the context of the Indonesian economy, the crude oil industry plays an indispensable role, especially over the past few decades. This study aims to identify the factors that affect the volume of Indonesia's crude oil exports to nine main destination countries—including Japan, South Korea, China, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, the United States, and Taiwan—in the period from 2003 to 2022. Some of the variables analyzed include exchange rates, foreign investment, production, and world oil prices. Through the regression analysis method of panel data, the results of this study indicate that simultaneously, exchange rates, foreign investment, production, and world oil prices have a significant effect on Indonesia's crude oil exports to these countries. Separately, the world exchange rate and oil price variables had a significant negative influence on Indonesia's crude oil export volume, while the foreign investment and production variables showed a positive and significant influence on export volume during the 2003-2022 research period.

The arrival of foreign investors in the development of the IKN must be followed by legal protection for foreign investors because it is very important to attract and retain investors who come. Legal protection provided to foreign investors consists of guarantees of legal certainty, guarantees of protection for foreign investors against non-commercial risks, guarantees of equal treatment for all investors and guarantees against nationalization and other takeover actions. The purpose of this study is to provide legal certainty for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the government cooperation scheme with KPBU in the IKN. In conducting this research, the author uses a normative legal research method and is descriptive analytical in nature. The legal sources that form the basis of the KPBU scheme are regulated in Law No. 25 of 2007 concerning Investment, and Presidential Regulation No. 38 of 2015 which regulates KPBU in the provision of infrastructure. In addition, the government also provides support in the form of guarantees for investors, which aims to minimize the risks faced by the Implementing Business Entity (BUP) in infrastructure projects in the IKN. Projects such as Palapa Ring and SPAM Umbulan are real examples of the success of the KPBU scheme in the context of national infrastructure.

Inflation is a complex economic phenomenon and has a broad impact, including on a country's import policy. When inflation occurs, domestic prices of goods and services increase, thereby increasing production and consumption costs. As a result, producers must increase product prices to maintain profit margins, which can reduce domestic demand and increase demand for imports because local prices become more expensive than imported goods. In addition, inflation also weakens the value of a country's currency, increases the demand for foreign exchange to pay for imports, and worsens the exchange rate. Countries with high inflation rates often experience trade deficits due to a surge in imports and a decline in exports, which in turn depletes foreign exchange reserves because they are needed to pay foreign debt and import goods that are needed but can no longer be exported. To overcome inflation, countries can adjust their strategies. import with more effective measures. Several steps that can be taken include: (1) Optimizing the Import List, namely prioritizing essential goods that are difficult to re-export; (2) Negotiation of Import Tariffs, with the aim of reducing import costs and increasing trade flexibility; and (3) Investment in the Local Manufacturing Sector, in order to reduce dependence on imports and increase domestic competitiveness. With this strategy, import policies can be anticipated and prepared proactively to be more effective in dealing with inflationary conditions. This abstract discusses the impact of inflation on import policies and strategies to deal with it, such as optimizing import lists, negotiating import tariffs, and investing in the local manufacturing sector.

This study aims to find out and analyze the legality of foreign investment registration in the online single submission risk based approach (Oss-RBA) system in Indonesia. This research is a normative research using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials collected by tracing or searching and documentation studies, the legal materials that have been collected are processed and analyzed in several stages, namely inventory, identification, classification and systematization. The results of the study show that (1) Law Number 25 of 2007 concerning investment has been in compliance with TRIMs. (2) Foreign investment business licenses in the Oss-RBA system are not considered to violate TRIM's because they are not regulated in the illustration of the violation of the TRIM's agreement.     

Climate change is increasingly recognized as a significant financial risk factor, particularly in developing countries where financial systems are often less resilient to environmental shocks. This study explores the relationship between climate-related financial risks, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and economic stability in developing nations. It highlights how both physical risks, such as extreme weather events (e.g., floods and droughts), and transition risks, including regulatory changes and shifts toward a low-carbon economy, deter FDI and contribute to economic volatility. The findings show that developing countries, which are more vulnerable to these risks, experience reduced FDI inflows due to the increased costs of adaptation and the potential for operational disruptions. Additionally, the study finds that countries with weaker financial institutions and governance structures are more susceptible to the economic instability induced by climate risks. The analysis suggests that climate risk mitigation strategies, such as strengthening financial sectors, improving governance, and implementing effective climate policies, can help reduce these risks and create a more stable investment environment. The research also identifies gaps in the literature, particularly the combined effect of climate risks and financial instability on FDI, which warrants further exploration. The study calls for more comprehensive research, particularly focusing on regional case studies and sector-specific impacts, to guide policymakers in fostering a climate-resilient economic environment that attracts sustainable foreign investment.

The total foreign investment still dominates the overall investment’in Indonesia. The’substantial’amount of’foreign‘investment’in Indonesia represents a significant opportunity to enhance the knowledge and technological utilization capabilities of domestic labor. Improving the quality of domestic labor’is essential for’advancing’the well-being of the’society. This research aims to analyze the provisions regarding technology’transfer in the’Investment Law and the’role of’technology transfer’in enhancing the welfare of domestic labor. This study is of the normative juridical type with a conceptual approach. The research findings indicate that the Investment Law has regulated the obligations of investors, including foreign investors, to transfer technology to domestic labor. Technology transfer’plays a crucial role in’striving for the’welfare’of domestic labor. The’researcher found that the provisions regarding technology transfer in the Investment Law are inconsistent because the obligation to transfer technology is not accompanied by strict sanctions for investors who fail to transfer technology to domestic labor.

Investment is an essential instrument for capitalist countries to boost the national economy and create job opportunities for the community. Investment in Indonesia began with Foreign Investment Law No. 56 of 1964, which was later updated with Foreign Investment Law No. 25 of 2007 in line with the times. To increase investor interest in entering Indonesia, the government enacted Job Creation Law No. 11 of 2020, which was further updated through the Job Creation Law up to 2023. Due to the complexity and increasing number of investors facing obstacles such as land acquisition and regional policies, a Presidential Regulation on National Strategic Projects (PSN) was issued. The government's hopes and expectations for smooth investor operations do not always align with implementation. Specifically, PSNs often result in agrarian conflicts for local residents whose land is taken over for PSN purposes. In the context of investment in Batam, particularly the Rempang Eco-City Development Plan in the Rempang-Galang area, clashes occurred and drew national attention and concern from various experts when land measurements began by PT MEG, escorted by the Joint Team comprising police, TNI, and the Ditpam Batam Management Agency (BP Batam). They have not reached an agreement but are already being pushed for swift execution. The obstacles to investment in the PSN Rempang Eco-City include conflicts arising from legal uncertainties over land ownership since the administrative change from Bintan Selatan District to Batam City, becoming Galang District since 1980. Represented by their legal counsel LBH GP Asnhor, they demand legal certainty over their ancestral land to be issued certificates, enabling fair and humane compensation. This demand has been submitted to President Joko Widodo regarding the request for land legality for the villages on Rempang Island, Galang Island, and New Galang Island on behalf of the chairman of the Local Indigenous People's Relatives (KERAMAT) Gerisman Ahmad. Due to these obstacles and conflicts, the central government, through President Joko Widodo, issued Presidential Regulation No. 78 of 2023 on Handling Social Community Impacts in the Context of Land Provision for National Development. However, as of July 2024, there has not been a comprehensive agreement between the community, the Batam City government, and the head of BP Batam. The government is taking a softer approach by personally approaching residents to relocate to Tanjung Banon, where four model houses have been provided as promised incentives for those willing to move.

In the last few decades, Indonesia has witnessed significant economic development, and its role in the international trade arena has increasingly emerged. Wise trade policy is considered a crucial instrument to support and guide sustainable economic growth. This research analyzes international trade and the factors that influence international trade in Indonesia. This researcher uses descriptive methods to explain the development of international trade and verification methods to determine variables that influence international trade including: Level of tariffs and trade barriers, involvement in international trade agreements, protectionist policies, foreign direct investment, etc. By understanding how international trade policies influence economic growth in Indonesia this research seeks to provide insights that can empower the country to maximize their economic growth potential and strengthen their position in the ever-changing global economy.

Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Indonesia serve as strategic instruments to attract domestic and foreign investments and accelerate economic growth in specific regions. Legal certainty within SEZs, encompassing regulatory stability, transparent licensing procedures, and effective legal protection, plays a crucial role in shaping investor perceptions and decisions. This research employs a normative juridical research method, focusing on the study of applicable legal norms or rules to analyze, interpret, and examine relevant legal principles. The findings indicate that investor perceptions of legal certainty are significantly influenced by regulatory complexity and consistency, transparent licensing procedures, and adequate legal protections. Investors tend to favor investment environments offering clear regulations, efficient licensing processes, and robust legal protections to mitigate investment risks. Based on these findings, it is recommended to enhance regulatory transparency and consistency, streamline licensing processes, strengthen legal protections, and improve investor education on SEZ regulations and legal protections. These steps are expected to enhance the attractiveness of SEZs as competitive and sustainable investment destinations, contributing significantly to regional economic growth.

This study aims to describe how exports and foreign investment affect economic growth based on the GRDP of West Java province in 2015-2022. This research is a literature study that departs from quantitative methods using secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). This research uses a multiple linear regression approach with SPSS data processing tools. The results of the F test show that simultaneously, exports and foreign investment do not have a significant effect on GRDP in West Java province. Partially, both of them do not have a significant influence on GRDP. The findings of this research underline the importance of considering other factors that may influence the level of GRDP in West Java. The implications of these findings also provide a basis for further research that could explore additional factors that may influence the relationship between these three variables.