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Port logistics efficiency is determined not only by the adequacy of infrastructure and the advancement of technology but also by the motivation of the workforce and the overall quality of the work environment. This study investigates how these two factors influence employee performance in the Warehouse Division of PT Yusen Logistics Indonesia. The research employed qualitative methods, gathering data through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and document analysis, with participation from warehouse workers, supervisors, and safety officers. Through thematic analysis, the study found that employee recognition and active supervisory engagement were key contributors to workforce motivation. The work environment, characterized by equipment reliability, safety culture, and yard capacity, directly impacted employee productivity. When both motivation and work environment were favorable, employees exhibited greater procedural compliance, increased throughput, and improved safety practices. In contrast, inadequate motivation and unfavorable work conditions resulted in inefficiencies, downtime, and higher risk-taking behaviors. This study’s findings provide insights into three key areas: maritime economics by highlighting labor’s critical role in port operations, social management by establishing the link between environmental quality and workforce productivity, and vocational education by shaping the training of cadets and practitioners. It underscores that sustainable port operations require human-centered strategies, in addition to infrastructure development. For better performance, companies should prioritize motivating their workforce and improving the work environment to foster a more efficient and safer operational setting.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed the design industry by introducing innovative tools that enhance efficiency, creativity, and personalization in the design process. This article explores the impact of AI technologies on the practice of modern designers, from the early stages of idea generation to the final execution of projects. By analyzing case studies, conducting surveys, and reviewing recent literature, the study reveals that AI functions not only as a tool but also as a collaborator that expands the boundaries of human creativity. It allows designers to explore new possibilities and push the limits of traditional design processes. However, the integration of AI into design practices also raises important ethical and professional challenges, such as concerns about job displacement, data privacy, and the potential loss of human touch in the creative process. Despite these concerns, the findings highlight that embracing AI is crucial for designers to remain competitive and sustain their careers in the rapidly evolving digital era. Adapting to AI technologies, understanding their capabilities, and effectively incorporating them into creative workflows will enable designers to stay relevant and thrive in a landscape where technology continues to reshape the industry. This study provides insights into the evolving relationship between human designers and AI, offering recommendations for future research and practice in the field of design.

The thesis entitled, "Analysis of the Impact of Worship Based on John 4:23 on the Spiritual Growth of the GBI Patuha Bandung Congregation."John 4:23 can provide the teachings of the Lord Jesus about worship and the extent of its impact on the spiritual growth of the congregation. The research aims to explore how worship in the context of church services affects spiritual growth, including heart transformation, spiritual renewal, and character development in Christ. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze the impact of worship based on John 4:23 on the spiritual growth of the congregation at Gereja Bethel Indonesia (GBI) Patuha, Bandung. Data were collected through interviews with leaders, activists, and church workers, as well as direct observations in the field. The results show that worship, as described in John 4:24, is a vital aspect of the spiritual life of the GBI Patuha congregation. The church has undergone significant transformation by shifting its focus from teaching to worship, with the aim of deepening a personal relationship with God. Worship is not only an emotional activity but also a means to strengthen faith, renew the spirit, and shape Christ-like character in the lives of the congregation. Worship grounded in the Word of God and the guidance of the Holy Spirit positively impacts the church community, encouraging active service and devotion to God and others. The congregation experiences heart transformation and spiritual renewal, which strengthens their relationship with God. Furthermore, worship focused on God encourages the congregation to live in humility, love, and obedience, as well as increasing their enthusiasm for serving. Innovations such as providing digital worship platforms also extend the church’s reach and enhance congregational involvement. This study also recommends the development of more structured worship training to deepen theological understanding and correct worship practices according to biblical principles.

This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the implementation of bread product quality control in the Pastry Section of Harris Hotel & Conventions Bundaran Satelit Surabaya, covering four main aspects: raw materials, production process, storage, and presentation. Furthermore, this study focuses on understanding the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for bread production operations and the level of implementation of these SOPs in daily work practices. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through direct field observation, interviews with pastry section staff, and documentation related to bread production activities. The results show that bread product quality control is carried out comprehensively. In the initial stage, raw material selection is carried out strictly to ensure quality, freshness, and food safety. The production process is carried out according to standard procedures, paying attention to equipment cleanliness, processing techniques, and timeliness, resulting in products that are consistent in taste and texture. The storage stage is also carried out hygienically with a system for arranging ingredients and finished products that pay attention to temperature, humidity, and cleanliness of the storage room. In the final stage, bread is served with good aesthetic standards while maintaining food safety aspects, thus adding value to the hotel guest experience. The bread production operational SOP has been systematically developed and serves as an important reference for all pastry section employees in carrying out their daily tasks. Employee compliance with the SOP is high, although challenges remain, such as limited trainee skills and delays in raw material supplies from suppliers. These challenges can usually be overcome through direct supervision, internal training, and good communication with material suppliers. Overall, the implementation of quality control and bread production SOPs at Harris Hotel & Conventions Bundaran Satelit Surabaya has been running smoothly and consistently.

The Independent Entrepreneurship Program is one of the strategic efforts of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology in fostering the entrepreneurial spirit of students through direct experiential learning. This program is present as a forum for students to not only understand entrepreneurship theory, but also to practice in real life the process of building and managing a business. In its implementation, the program involves active collaboration between universities, industry mentors, and field supervisors who play a role in providing direction, guidance, and evaluation of student business development. Through Independent Entrepreneurship, students are given the opportunity to design creative business ideas, run a business on a real scale, and solve various entrepreneurial challenges they face. This activity not only trains managerial, communication, and innovation skills, but also improves critical thinking and problem-solving skills. In addition, students gain valuable experience in terms of teamwork, financial management, marketing strategies, building business networks, and the use of digital technology to support business sustainability. The results of the program implementation show positive impacts, including increased confidence, independence, and students' understanding of the real business world. Furthermore, this program encourages the creation of an entrepreneurial ecosystem in a sustainable campus environment and is able to be the forerunner of the birth of a young generation of Indonesian entrepreneurs who are resilient, innovative, creative, adaptive to changing times, and have high competitiveness. Thus, Independent Entrepreneurship not only plays a role as a skill development program, but also becomes one of the important foundations in preparing students to face the world of work and becoming independent business actors who are professional, visionary, sustainability-oriented, and make a real contribution to the nation's economic development.

Steel structure projects are increasingly favored in the construction industry due to their benefits in execution time efficiency and long-term cost savings. However, the suboptimal management of human resources (HRM) remains a significant challenge in achieving these efficiencies. This study aims to systematically review the role of HRM in enhancing time and cost efficiency in steel structure projects. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted based on the PRISMA protocol, analyzing 35 accredited scientific articles published between 2013 and 2023. The articles were sourced from national databases such as Garuda and Neliti, and data were extracted using standardized documentation instruments. The analysis reveals that workforce planning, project-based training, performance monitoring, and inter-team coordination are key managerial aspects that consistently contribute to improving both time and cost efficiency. Visualization of topic networks using VOSviewer highlights strong interconnections between themes such as "training," "schedule control," and "performance evaluation," all of which are critical components of strategic HRM practices. This study concludes that HRM plays a crucial role in achieving efficiency in steel structure projects, especially through the integration of technical workflows and managerial control systems. Effective workforce planning ensures that the right skills are available at the right time, while performance monitoring and training programs help enhance productivity and reduce delays. The findings suggest the necessity for formulating HR policies that are based on workload analysis and the improvement of real-time workforce evaluation mechanisms. Furthermore, the study calls for further research to test integrative models for HRM practices in steel-based construction projects in Indonesia. This research opens avenues for refining HRM strategies to support the construction industry’s efficiency goals, offering insights for future studies and practical applications in the field.

The Dandu Bridge is one of the important infrastructures that functions as a land transportation link on the Suko-Sowominangun section, Lamongan Regency. The current condition shows that the bridge surface has suffered a lot of damage in the form of holes that can interfere with the smooth flow of traffic and endanger the safety of road users. Therefore, regular maintenance is needed so that the function of the bridge as a public facility remains optimal. One of the maintenance methods used is the Detailed Bridge Inspection Report (LPMJ), which aims to identify the condition of the bridge components as a whole. Field work practices carried out by students of the Lamongan Institute of Technology and Business in March-April 2025 are a means to understand the factors that cause damage. The results of the observation show that the damage is not only caused by structural factors, but also by non-structural aspects such as lack of awareness of road users and lack of communication with the surrounding community. Therefore, intensive education is needed for the community regarding the importance of maintaining the sustainability of the bridge's function, including the installation of proper traffic signs to minimize damage. In the LPMJ method, the upper structure components examined include floor plates, girders, and joints. Meanwhile, the lower structure includes pillars, abutments, and foundations. The bridge equipment that was observed included sidewalks, waterways, and railings. Maintenance should not only be focused on physical improvements, but also on social management that involves the active participation of the community, especially in areas with high traffic intensity. In conclusion, the maintenance efforts of the Dandu Bridge require an integrated approach that combines technical improvements and social empowerment, so that the sustainability of its function can be maintained for the long term.

This community service program was implemented to address the needs of farmers in Kalicaah Village, Tanjung Jaya Village, Panimbang District, for an affordable, simple, and user-friendly fertilizing tool. Traditionally, the application of solid fertilizer has been done manually, which not only leads to inefficiency but also significantly increases the physical workload of farmers. To overcome this issue, the program team designed a solid fertilizer spreader using appropriate technology, constructed from recycled materials such as PVC pipes and used water gallons. This innovation was aimed at creating a sustainable, low-cost solution for the local agricultural community. The program’s implementation involved several key activities, including identifying the farmers' challenges, conducting assembly training sessions, demonstrating the tool’s use, and running direct field trials in local farms. The results showed that the use of the newly developed fertilizer spreader led to a 45% reduction in the time spent applying fertilizer, which directly contributed to more efficient farming practices. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in physical complaints, particularly lower back pain, which had been a common issue due to the manual labor involved in fertilizing. The tool proved to be easy to construct, requiring minimal technical knowledge, and the farmers were able to adopt the technology independently. The high rate of adoption among farmers further emphasizes the tool’s potential for widespread use. The success of this program also suggests that this simple, affordable technology could be replicated in other agricultural regions, benefiting more communities by improving work efficiency, reducing physical strain, and fostering a sustainable approach to farming practices.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the fruit receiving and storage process in the cold kitchen section at PT. Aerofood Indonesia (ACS) Surabaya, which is one of the important units in the raw material supply chain in the aviation catering industry. The study used a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, direct field observations, and documentation of work procedures. Informants in the study consisted of the Cold Kitchen Supervisor and two staff members who directly handle the fruit receiving and storage activities. The results showed that the fruit receiving process was carried out through three main stages, namely checking documents (delivery orders and purchase orders), physical inspection of the fruit such as color, texture, and aroma, and recording the details of the receipt into a special form. This inspection is important to ensure that the fruit received is in a condition suitable for consumption and in accordance with the established specifications. During the storage stage, the fruit is arranged according to type and level of durability. Small fruits such as strawberries or grapes are stored at a temperature of 0–6°C, while large fruits such as watermelons and melons are stored at a temperature of 18–21°C. This arrangement aims to maintain freshness and extend shelf life. In addition, the FIFO (First In, First Out) system is consistently implemented to prevent the accumulation of old stock that can reduce quality. Storage room temperature monitoring is carried out every 4 hours to ensure temperature stability according to standards. Overall, the implementation of the fruit receiving and storage process at ACS Surabaya has met the principles of good raw material management (Good Reception & Storage Practice). This implementation procedure supports the achievement of quality and food safety standards in flight catering services, which are highly dependent on the timeliness and quality of ingredients.

Pesantren, as an Islamic educational institution that has long been a center of religious learning and character development, has great potential in advancing entrepreneurship based on local wisdom. The role of pesantren is not only limited to teaching religious studies, but also includes coaching students to have economic independence and competitiveness in the midst of the Times. Local wisdom that grows around pesantren can be an important capital in developing businesses that are relevant to the needs of the community. However, optimizing the function of pesantren in producing students who are independent and able to compete still faces various challenges. One of the main obstacles is the development of Human Resources (HR) which is not only oriented to mastering the theory, but also on practical skills and understanding of local values. Without the right strategy, such great potential is difficult to realize sustainably. This study aims to explore strategies that can be applied in the development of human resources in order to improve the performance of local wisdom-based entrepreneurship in the boarding school. The research method used is a qualitative approach with case studies on several boarding schools that have succeeded in forming productive business units by utilizing local potential, such as agriculture, fisheries, crafts, and food product processing. Research findings indicate that several crucial factors in building entrepreneurial human resources in pesantren include: strengthening character and work ethic, hands-on practice-based training in the field, collaboration with local business actors for knowledge transfer and market networking, as well as historical and philosophical understanding of local wisdom values. The success of entrepreneurship development in pesantren depends on the integration of spiritual aspects, practical skills, and knowledge about the potential of the region. Based on the results of the study, an integrated entrepreneurship training model that combines science, faith, and concrete action is recommended. This Model is expected to produce great pesantren entrepreneurs, competitive, and able to adapt and face global challenges without leaving their identity and noble values.

This research is motivated by the low level of student interest in Arts, Culture, and Crafts at school. This low level of interest is evident in the lack of active student participation, low enthusiasm during learning activities, and minimal initiative in completing arts and crafts practical assignments. This condition requires teachers to select and implement an appropriate learning model, one that not only delivers material clearly but also stimulates motivation and is suited to the characteristics of the students. One of the chosen models is Direct Instruction. This model emphasizes the teacher's delivery of material in a structured, clear, and systematic manner, followed by examples, guidance, and directed practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the application of the Direct Instruction model can increase student interest in Arts, Culture, and Crafts. This study used qualitative methods with observation, interview, and documentation techniques to collect data. Analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods by reviewing all field findings. The results showed that the application of the Direct Instruction model significantly increased student interest in learning. Students became more active in asking questions, enthusiastically followed instructions, and demonstrated improved skills in arts and crafts practicals. In addition, student involvement in class discussions also increased, and they were more confident in presenting their work. In conclusion, the use of the Direct Instruction model can be an effective alternative learning strategy to increase student interest in learning, particularly in Arts, Culture, and Crafts. Teachers are advised to combine this model with other creative methods to optimize learning outcomes.

Religiousness in the context of religious life in Indonesia is not only seen in the diversity between religions, but also within the same religion with differences in religious beliefs and practices. Each individual or group has its own way of expressing their beliefs, which are often influenced by local cultural backgrounds and traditions. Indonesia, as a country rich in culture, has a legacy of traditions that are still embedded in people's lives, including in religious practices. In Sari Rejo Village, the funeral procession is one concrete manifestation of the fusion of religious values ​​and hereditary traditions. However, within the community there are groups who adhere to pure Islamic law, without mixing religious teachings with ancestral traditions. This difference in perspective triggers social conflict between adherents of religious law and adherents of tradition. This conflict does not stop at differences in practice, but develops into a form of social discrimination against adherents of religious law. This condition gives rise to social inequality that can disrupt the harmony of community life. This study aims to answer several main questions: (1) what is the form and meaning of funeral traditions in Sari Rejo Village? (2) why social inequality arises in these funeral ceremonies? (3) how are traditional adherents treated differently compared to adherents of religious law? (The text appears to be incomplete and should be omitted.) The research method used is qualitative, relying on primary and secondary data, and direct field observations. The results indicate that the majority of Sari Rejo residents, as adherents of tradition, tend to discriminate against adherents of religious law. This is evident in the differences in treatment, attitudes, and social acceptance of those who choose to practice their religion according to its guidance without incorporating traditional elements. These findings confirm that differences in religious practice, even within the same religion, can become a source of social inequality if not managed wisely.

The Student Creativity Program (PKM) aims to introduce Cablink network technology to students of Vocational High School (SMK) X as a form of strengthening competency in the field of Computer and Network Engineering. This activity includes the delivery of materials, installation, and hands-on practice in installing Cablink networks. The implementation method uses a participatory approach that allows students to be more active in understanding the material presented. With this approach, it is hoped that students can gain a deeper and more applicable understanding of developing network technology. During the activity, students are not only given theoretical explanations about Cablink networks, but also given the opportunity to be directly involved in the installation process, which provides very useful practical experience. The results of this activity show an increase in students' understanding of basic network concepts and technical skills in installing Cablink networks. This improvement is not only limited to the theoretical aspect, but also includes practical skills that can be directly applied in the world of work. This program is expected to be a bridge between the needs of the modern network industry and the readiness of SMK graduates to compete in the world of work. With the skills acquired through this activity, students are expected to be better prepared to face the challenges of rapidly developing technology in the fields of computers and networks. Furthermore, this activity also serves to introduce students to technologies relevant to industry needs, so they are better prepared to enter the professional world upon graduation. This program is expected to contribute to improving the quality of education at SMK X and provide significant benefits for developing students' skills in Computer and Network Engineering.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the character education values of the superstar Cristiano Ronaldo, which have not been studied in depth before. The character research was selected with literature sources, and analyzed qualitatively. The discussion and analysis resulted in findings that Cristiano Ronaldo has several superior characters, namely: religious, honest, competitive, self-confident, professional, high work ethic, disciplined, love for the country, appreciate achievement, communicative, care for the environment, care for society, and responsibility. These character values make him a superstar who stands out both on and off the field. His religious devotion, honesty, and sense of responsibility reflect strong moral foundations, setting him as a role model for aspiring athletes and individuals seeking success. Ronaldo's competitive spirit and high self-confidence have helped him achieve excellence on the field, while his professional attitude and exceptional work ethic highlight the importance of dedication and perseverance in achieving success. Furthermore, his discipline in training and love for his country portray a deep commitment not only to his career but also to his community and country. Additionally, Ronaldo's appreciation for achievement, communicative nature, and care for the environment demonstrate that his character extends beyond personal success, as he values teamwork and the well-being of others. His contribution to various charitable causes and societal issues further establishes his role as a responsible individual who uses his fame and fortune for the betterment of society. These character values make him an ideal role model, both in the world of sports and in broader society. We recommend Cristiano Ronaldo's character values as a role model for those who hope for a successful career, and inspiration for the practice of Islamic education values, as they encompass integrity, hard work, and social responsibility.

Village communities generally have a cultural system deeply rooted in traditional values passed down through generations. This system encompasses various aspects of life, including agriculture, which is the primary source of livelihood. In Batukarang Village, Payung District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra, local agricultural culture is reflected in two key practices that remain preserved to this day: the aron tradition and kerja tahun (year work). These traditions not only demonstrate how the community carries out agrarian-based economic activities but also demonstrate how social, spiritual, and cultural elements are interwoven within Karo agricultural practices. Aron is a local term referring to small groups or communities that assist each other in farming activities. This system serves as a form of mutual cooperation that strengthens solidarity among residents. In practice, aron groups typically work in rotation on other group members' fields. In addition to speeding up the work process, this system also strengthens social bonds and fosters a sense of togetherness within village life.

Mekarsari Village, located in Panimbang District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province, has local potential in the form of a bamboo-based home industry. This potential has long been part of the cultural and economic identity of the local community. Therefore, the goal of this Community Service (PKM) activity is to increase the income of bamboo craftsmen by encouraging innovation, improving product quality, and broader marketing strategies. The PKM activity was carried out by male and female students of KKM Universitas Bina Bangsa, group 41 of 2025. The stages of activities carried out in this program include three main phases. The pre-implementation stage was carried out through a process of observation and direct visits to the homes of bamboo craftsmen in Sumur Kuya Village, Mekarsari Village. Students conducted short interviews to explore obstacles and potential in production activities carried out so far. The implementation stage included practical work on making household products such as winnowing baskets, food covers, tissue holders, and bamboo baskets by KKM41 participants, guided directly by the craftsmen. Students also provided light training on product design to make it more attractive and competitive in the market. The final stage, the evaluation stage, was conducted through product socialization activities to the local community, including mini-exhibitions and open discussions. The community was educated on the importance of preserving local heritage while remaining open to innovation in production and marketing. This activity was held from July 18–20, 2025. The methods used included observation, field surveys, interviews, and hands-on practice. Bamboo was chosen as the basic material because it is abundant in the surrounding environment, as well as its advantages as an environmentally friendly material with high aesthetic value.

Measuring Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) levels and inventory in storage tanks is a critical aspect of terminal operations, directly influencing safety, operational efficiency, and accurate stock management. The Integrated Terminal Palembang – Pulau Layang LPG Site has implemented a servo-type Automatic Tank Gauging (ATG) system, namely the Proservo NMS81, to provide precise and real-time volume measurements. Despite its operational importance, there remains a limited in-depth understanding of how this ATG system functions, particularly regarding the complete process from sensing LPG levels to converting them into accurate inventory data. This study aims to analyze the working mechanism of the Proservo NMS81 in measuring LPG height and generating digital stock data for monitoring purposes. The research method combines a literature review of the Proservo NMS81 technical datasheet and related scientific references with direct field observation (KSM-LP) at the LPG Pulau Layang site. The analysis covers the operating principle of the servo sensor, which relies on displacement measurement via a mechanical float and wire system; the analog-to-digital conversion process utilizing a 12-bit ADC to transform continuous signals into discrete digital values; the communication protocols employed, including HART and Modbus RS-485, for transmitting processed data to the control system; and the algorithmic data processing that converts tank level measurements into standardized inventory figures based on tank calibration tables and product density. The results of this study are expected to improve technical knowledge regarding servo-type ATG systems, enhance the accuracy and reliability of inventory monitoring, and contribute to more informed operational decision-making. Furthermore, the research findings are intended to serve as a valuable academic reference for the application of advanced instrumentation technology in the energy industry, supporting both professional practice and further scholarly exploration in the field.

The advancement of digital technology has driven significant transformation in the field of education, particularly in the innovation of learning media that is interactive and easily accessible to students. The subject of Pancasila and Civic Education (PPKn), as a crucial component of character education, must adapt to these developments to ensure that the material remains relevant and engaging for today’s digital generation. This community service activity aimed to enhance students' learning motivation by conducting a training program on creating educational applications using the no-code platform Thunkable. The focus of the training was on the topic of national political figures, which is part of the core competencies in the PPKn curriculum. The activity was held at SMA Ampera in Sorong City, involving 11th-grade students as active participants. A participatory and project-based learning (PjBL) approach was employed, in which students were guided to design, create, and test their own educational applications based on their ideas and creativity. The program was carried out in three stages: preparation (developing modules, training materials, and technical setup), training and practice (introduction to the Thunkable platform, interface design, and basic programming), and testing and evaluation (application trials by other students and effectiveness assessment). The results of the activity showed a significant increase in students' learning motivation, basic digital skills, and active engagement in the learning process. The participants successfully created educational application prototypes featuring visual content, brief narratives, and interactive quizzes about national political figures. Moreover, students demonstrated collaborative attitudes, innovation, and confidence when presenting their work. This activity demonstrates that a project-based learning approach supported by Thunkable technology can be an effective alternative for creating meaningful, contextual, and empowering learning experiences. It is especially beneficial for schools with limited access to digital technology. By integrating creativity and digital tools into civic education, students are encouraged to become not only technologically literate but also more engaged in understanding national identity and political history in a modern, accessible way.

In recent years, rapid advancements in digital technology have significantly transformed global healthcare delivery. The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst, accelerating the integration of information technology into healthcare systems, particularly through the increased adoption of telemedicine. In the field of internal medicine, which often involves long-term care and management of chronic illnesses, telemedicine presents a promising solution to enhance service accessibility, improve care efficiency, and sustain favorable clinical outcomes. This study aims to conduct a narrative review to explore the impact of telemedicine on patient clinical outcomes, healthcare worker workload, and healthcare system efficiency within internal medicine practice. The review is based on an analysis of peer-reviewed literature published between 2020 and 2025, sourced from major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Article selection was based on relevance to the topics of telemedicine and internal medicine, contextual applicability, and full-text availability. The findings of the review reveal that telemedicine contributes positively by expanding access to care, reducing travel time and logistical barriers for patients, accelerating clinical response times, and decreasing patient congestion in healthcare facilities. These outcomes are particularly beneficial for patients with chronic conditions who require regular monitoring and consistent communication with healthcare providers. However, the implementation of telemedicine also introduces new challenges, including increased administrative responsibilities and digital workload for healthcare professionals. The study underscores the importance of equipping healthcare systems with adequate digital infrastructure, implementing supportive and flexible policies, and providing comprehensive training for healthcare workers. These measures are crucial to ensure the successful and sustainable adoption of telemedicine in internal medicine. Overall, telemedicine holds strong potential to reshape the future of internal medicine, provided that its integration is strategically managed to balance technological advancement with human-centered care.

This study explores the key determinants of field engineer efficiency in the field service industry by analyzing the impact of self-efficacy, resource management, and time management on operational performance. Employing a quantitative research approach, data were collected using saturated sampling from 102 field engineers and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0. The measurement model showed robust psychometric properties, satisfying the thresholds for convergent validity, discriminant validity, and internal consistency reliability. The structural model results indicate that all three independent variables significantly influence field engineer efficiency. Self-efficacy was found to have the strongest effect (β = 0.421, p < 0.001), followed by resource management (β = 0.347, p < 0.001) and time management (β = 0.289, p < 0.001). The model accounts for 68.7% of the variance in field engineer efficiency, reflecting strong explanatory power and predictive accuracy. Among these variables, self-efficacy emerged as the most dominant factor, suggesting that field engineers' belief in their ability to perform tasks is a critical driver of operational success. High self-efficacy enhances motivation, resilience, and effective problem-solving under pressure, making it essential in dynamic and unpredictable field environments. Resource and time management also play crucial roles in supporting engineers' ability to complete tasks efficiently by ensuring optimal allocation of tools, equipment, and time. The findings provide practical implications for field service organizations aiming to improve workforce performance. Investing in training programs that strengthen self-efficacy, combined with systematic improvements in resource and time management practices, can significantly enhance operational outcomes. By prioritizing these factors, organizations can boost engineer efficiency, reduce operational costs, and improve service delivery, ultimately gaining a stronger competitive advantage in the industry.