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The development of technology in the era of globalization has brought significant changes in society, particularly through the emergence of the internet and social media such as WhatsApp, X (Twitter), Facebook, Instagram, Telegram, and TikTok, which facilitate rapid information dissemination. This development has also given rise to a new profession, namely content creators, who produce and share content in the form of images, videos, or text for branding, professional purposes, or self-expression, often resorting to sensationalism to attract audience attention. On the other hand, the ease of access to social media has also triggered the spread of negative content, including pornography, as evidenced by Komdigi/Kominfo data showing millions of blocked negative content, with X being one of the dominant platforms. In Islamic perspective, anything that leads to adultery is prohibited as stated in QS. Al-Isra verse 32. A prominent case is Dea OnlyFans (Gusti Ayu Dewanti) who was arrested for distributing pornographic content through OnlyFans and Google Drive, charged under the Pornography Law and ITE Law, and found guilty in the Supreme Court Decision Number 2086 K/Pid.Sus/2023. This study discusses 1) How are the differences in judges' considerations at the District Court, High Court, and Cassation? 2) Can the Supreme Court judges' considerations provide a deterrent effect? This research uses a descriptive method with normative legal research based on literature study, using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials.

Kakawin Nītiśāstra is a classic Old Javanese literary work that holds significant cultural value, especially within Balinese society, and is widely studied in academic settings. Previous research has primarily focused on its ethical teachings and character education, highlighting its role as a moral guide for life. However, a closer examination of the text reveals stanzas that portray women in ways that contradict this interpretation, specifically presenting them as unequal to men. This study addresses the gap in existing literature by focusing on gender representation in Kakawin Nītiśāstra. Given its portrayal as a "guide" for life, the research aims to critically assess how gender roles are presented and encourage more thoughtful engagement with its teachings. Using Sara Mills' critical discourse analysis framework and a qualitative descriptive method, the study analyzes content. The findings show that men are represented as active subjects who speak about and evaluate women, while women are positioned as passive objects under male control. The discourse reflects a patriarchal ideology, with readers implicitly constructed as male, reinforcing gender norms.

The idea of functions in mathematics and how they are used to build different mathematical models are methodically examined in this publication. Functions are basic mathematical constructs that show relationships between two or more variables in explicit equations, tables, or graphs. The fundamental building blocks of mathematics are functions, which enable the representation of variable interdependencies in a variety of formats, including formal mathematical expressions, data tables, and graphs. The classification of function types, such as linear, quadratic, and exponential, and their corresponding uses in the domains of physics, economics, and epidemiology are the main topics of this study, which takes a descriptive and exploratory approach.This article illustrates how knowledge of functions greatly aids processes through a review of the literature and an examination of secondary sources from current textbooks and academic publications. of judgment, forecasting, and analysis. In both academic and professional contexts, mathematical modeling based on functions has demonstrated efficacy in accurately and efficiently representing real-world occurrences. Thus, the significance of incorporating functional thinking into STEM education and multidisciplinary practice is emphasized in this essay.

Students with deaf disabilities often have difficulty understanding verbal instruction, but have significant advantages in visual and motor aspects. This service activity aims to apply multisensory methods through Suminagashi craft art training (cloth marbling) to improve students' fine motor skills and creativity at SLB B Yakut Purwokerto. The implementation method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a "see-learn-do" strategy involving 20 high school students. The learning process integrates visual stimulation through structured demonstrations and tactile stimulation through the exploration of material textures. The results of the activity showed that the multisensory approach was effective in bridging the barriers of deaf students with disabilities in communicating due to hearing limitations. Students demonstrate a high level of visual focus and are able to replicate marble motif making techniques with precision without relying on complex verbal explanations. The combination of cue instructions and direct touch experiences has been proven to minimize miscommunication and improve understanding of abstract concepts of the material. This activity recommends the use of visual-tactile strategies as an adaptive inclusive learning method to support the vocational independence of deaf people.          

This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the Heart Sutra within the framework of Humanistic Buddhism, especially for students of Buddhist religious education. The main problem lies in the limited understanding of the relevance of the Heart Sutra to humanistic values ​​in the context of modern life. This study aims to explain the relevance of the Heart Sutra teachings in building applicable spiritual, ethical, and social awareness. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach through text analysis and academic literature review. Data were obtained from primary sources in the form of translations of the Heart Sutra and secondary sources including journals, books, and scientific articles related to Humanistic Buddhism. The results of the study show that the teachings of sunyata (emptiness) in the Heart Sutra not only have profound philosophical meaning, but also provide practical implications in everyday life. The Heart Sutra is able to strengthen the philosophical foundation of Humanistic Buddhism, foster an attitude of compassion, wisdom, and tolerance, and serve as a relevant ethical guideline in facing the dynamics and challenges of modern society.

This study aims to identify, analyze, and describe in depth the types of coordinating verbal phrases (FV) and subordinating verbal phrases (FV) contained in Detik.com news texts published in September 2025. Based on the fundamental role of language as a means of communication and social interaction (syntax), the object of research is focused on FV as a grammatical unit that has a verb core and functions as a predicate. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a syntactic theoretical approach. Data collection was carried out through the technique of listening and taking notes on Detik.com news texts, while data analysis was applied using the distribution method, where the determining tool comes from the linguistic elements themselves. The results of the study showed the discovery of a total of 13 verbal phrases divided into 3 coordinating FVs and 10 subordinating FVs (including the patterns Adv + V, V + Adv, V + Adj, and V + N). In detail, 3 coordinating FVs, 3 FVSs with Adv + V pattern, 2 FVSs with V + Adv pattern, 2 FVSs with V + Adj pattern, and 3 FVSs with V + N pattern were found. This finding emphasizes the importance of understanding phrase structure in maintaining clarity of meaning. This research is expected to improve readers' literacy understanding and serve as a scientific reference for similar linguistic studies.

The rapid development of information technology has pushed the dissemination of news through online media, demanding a language that is fast, concise, and informative to ensure accurate news delivery. This necessity positions the syntactic structure, particularly the phrase, as a critical element in determining the quality and communication effectiveness of digital news. This study has a dual objective: to comprehensively identify and analyze the types of phrases found in five online news articles published by CNBC Indonesia in August 2025, and to elucidate the grammatical function of each phrase  within the context of news sentences. The method employed is a descriptive qualitative method, involving a systematic process of reading, noting, and accurately analyzing the textual data repeatedly. The results indicate a diversity  of phrase types, with a significant dominance of  noun and verb phrases. The findings also include adjectival, prepositional, adverbial, numerical, exocentric, and endocentric phrases, which collectively enrich the linguistic structure, enhance information richness, and greatly facilitate reader comprehension of the news content. These findings not only highlight the specific patterns of phrase usage in digital news writing but also provide deep insights into their structural and grammatical roles. This study is expected to serve as a valuable reference for linguistic research and language learning, as well as offering practical guidance for online media practitioners to continuously improve the clarity, effectiveness, and quality of news writing in the digital realm.

This study aims to describe the structure, syntactic function, and semantic role of the nominal clause in JawaPos.com news texts published in August 2025. By using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study applied syntactic analysis to explore how the nominal clause operates within the linguistic and contextual framework of media discourse. Data were collected from online news articles and analyzed using Indonesian syntactic and semantic theory. The results show that nominal clauses play a crucial role in constructing discourse structure and meaning through their syntactic functions as subjects, objects, complements, and adverbs. In semantics, nominal clauses perform various roles, including as agents, objects, recipients, and markers of condition or location. The pattern of nominal clause use reflects the concise, efficient, and communicative nature of journalistic language. The correlation between syntactic function and semantic role shows a cohesive relationship that enhances clarity and accuracy in conveying information. This study contributes to the development of syntactic and media linguistic research and serves as a valuable reference for journalists and language educators in promoting effective and ethical language use in journalism.

Language and news have a close relationship because language is a medium to convey news. In news, the use of noun phrases is important to pay attention to, so that there is no misunderstanding. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the use of object phrases in news texts, focusing on their elements, types, and functions. In this research, two approaches are used, namely qualitative descriptive and syntax. The results show that in the news text, there are various variations of noun phrases. This diversity is seen in the different patterns of phrase formation, which differ in structure and constituent elements. The type of noun phrase that is often found is the subordinate noun phrase. The results showed that noun phrases can occupy syntactic functions as long as their use does not exceed the limits of sentence structure. In Indonesian syntax, noun phrases can function as subjects, objects, or descriptions. Therefore, noun phrases play an important role in the formation of a sentence.

This study aims to analyze and identify various types of phrases found in educational opinion texts published on the Pundi.or.id website, 2025 edition. The research is based on the importance of syntactic understanding, particularly the use of phrases, in constructing effective and meaningful sentence structures in opinion texts. A qualitative descriptive method was applied using the observation and note-taking technique. The data were collected by examining, recording, and classifying different types of phrases, including nominal, verbal, adjectival, numerical, and adverbial phrases. The findings reveal that each type of phrase functions differently in shaping sentence meaning and enhancing the clarity of the writer’s arguments. Nominal and verbal phrases were found to dominate the texts, indicating their significant role in presenting ideas and logical reasoning. This research contributes to the development of syntactic studies and provides practical benefits for teachers and students in learning Indonesian, especially in mastering sentence structure and improving opinion writing skills. Furthermore, the study serves as a reference for future linguistic research within the context of digital media and education.

This study aims to describe the internal structure and syntactic functions of noun phrases in online news articles about demonstration actions published by Detik.com in August 2025. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with observation and note-taking. Data were obtained from five news articles discussing demonstrations, then analyzed to identify the core elements (head) and modifiers, and to determine the syntactic functions of the phrases within sentences. The analysis results show that the most frequently encountered noun phrase pattern is Noun + Noun (N + N), with modifiers on the right that provide explanations of identity, location, or ownership. The most common syntactic function found is as the subject, followed by the object and adverbial of place. These findings confirm that noun phrases play an important role in explaining information and sentence structure in online news texts. Additionally, the use of noun phrases also reflects the media's language strategy in constructing social and political realities through concise, efficient, and information rich language.

This study discusses clause structures in online news articles published by Detik.com, highlighting the issue of UNNES student Iko Juliant Junior in September 2025. The background of this research lies in the importance of understanding how digital media utilize language structures to convey information effectively, concisely, and objectively. In the context of online journalism, the selection and arrangement of clauses play a crucial role in shaping clarity, focus, and meaning as perceived by readers. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms and types of clauses used in news texts and to explain their functions in maintaining the accuracy and credibility of information delivery. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a focus on syntactic studies. The data consist of clauses found in Detik.com news articles published in September 2025, analyzed based on their syntactic components: subject, predicate, object, complement, and adverbial. The findings show that the clause patterns of Subject–Predicate (S–P) and Subject–Predicate–Object (S–P–O) are the most dominant, with verbal predicates appearing most frequently. These patterns reflect the efficient, factual, and easily understood style of online journalistic language. This study contributes to the development of syntactic research and serves as a practical reference for journalists and readers in understanding effective language use in digital media.

This research is driven by the urgency of maintaining the quality of the Indonesian language in the realm of online journalism, particularly on major media platforms such as CNN Indonesia. Online media plays a central role as the primary source of information, but the speed of publication often encounters linguistic errors that have the potential to damage credibility and lead to misinterpretation among readers. The focus of the study on syntactic errors is crucial because errors in sentence structure, diction, and conjunctions directly affect the meaning and effectiveness of communication. This study aims to analyze and describe the forms of syntactic errors (including sentence pattern errors, non-standard diction, and conjunction redundancy) and offer recommendations for improvement based on standard Indonesian language rules. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with a syntactic approach. Data in the form of linguistic units at the phrase, clause, and sentence levels from all CNN Indonesia news texts for the period of August 2025, collected using the Listen and Note Technique. The findings are anticipated to show a dominance of sentence ineffectiveness, incorrect use of conjunctions, and temporally illogical diction errors. This research is expected to contribute as a practical guide for editors and news writers to improve the quality of editing, while also supporting literacy efforts and the use of good and correct Indonesian in the digital public space.

The language used in online news is not only a tool for conveying information but also shapes perspectives that influence readers. One key element in this aspect is phrases. Phrases always appear in various types of text. A phrase is a grammatical unit consisting of two or more words that does not exceed the functional limit and fulfills one of the syntactic functions. Phrases are often found in a text within a sentence, one of which is on the online news page cnnindonesia.com. The type of phrase found in the news page is a verb phrase that functions to form a predicate, link ideas, and better explain the author's intent. The cnnindonesia.com page about Affan Kurniawan published in August 2025 was chosen because it shows a variety of verb phrases that are interesting to study. This study aims to describe the form of verb phrases found in the cnnindonesia.com news about Affan Kurniawan published in August 2025. This research can provide a clearer picture of verb phrases in journalistic texts. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study describe verb phrases and their syntactic functions in a cnnindonesia.com news story about Affan Kurniawan published in August 2025. This research is useful theoretically and practically. Theoretically, this study enriches the syntactic study of verb phrases and their application in media texts. Practically, the results can serve as a reference for students, researchers, and journalists in using Indonesian effectively and according to the rules.

This research is motivated by the importance of phrase analysis in syntactic studies for understanding the structure and relationships among components within Indonesian sentences. As grammatical units, phrases play a strategic role in shaping meaning, so they should be examined in terms of their constituent elements and their functions in the text. This study aims to analyze the use of adjectival phrases and prepositional phrases found in news texts. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with observing and note-taking techniques, supported by a syntactic theoretical approach. The findings show that there are twenty-five adjectival phrases and sixty-eight prepositional phrases identified in five news texts published on Tempo.com in August 2025. “lebih cepat” is one example of an adjectival phrase found in the texts, while “ke arah pendemo” is an example of a prepositional phrase. These findings indicate that Indonesian phrases have systematic formation patterns and complementary syntactic functions. This research serves as a useful reference for the development of syntactic studies, linguistic learning, and the analysis of phrase usage in various language contexts.

News texts are a systematic way of conveying information that contains declarative and imperative sentences used to convey meaning directly and demonstrate the persuasive value of the news. The research goals are to analyze imperative sentences to understand how commands, requests, prohibitions, or invitations are conveyed so that they can influence the actions or responses of readers, as well as to analyze declarative sentences, which play an important role in constructing discourse structure and indicating the writer's position on the topic being discussed. This study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. This method was chosen because it can describe what is seen, heard, felt, and asked. The researcher considers qualitative descriptive research to accurately describe a situation without manipulating variables.  This research concludes that imperative sentences elicit responses in the form of agreement and action, or rejection, either directly or indirectly. Meanwhile, declarative sentences serve as a guide or basis for understanding the context the speaker wishes to convey and can also be used to reinforce previously conveyed information to avoid ambiguity and misunderstanding when examining the meaning. This research is expected to be useful in linguistic studies, more specifically in syntactic material that discusses declarative and imperative sentences in news texts and political discourses.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the At-Turats Book Study Program using the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model to provide an overview of the program’s relevance, resource readiness, implementation, and outcomes. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The results show that in terms of context, the study of classical texts meets the needs of the santri and aligns with the vision of Ma’had Al-Jami’ah, which aims to deepen religious and cultural understanding. In terms of input, the program is supported by qualified instructors and representative classical reference books, although there are still limitations in the number of teachers, the varying abilities of the santri, and supporting facilities. Regarding the process, the study is carried out using the halaqah method with a bandongan approach, which is relatively consistent, although the participation and interaction of the santri are limited. Some santri are still hesitant to engage actively in discussions, which can reduce the effectiveness of learning. In terms of product, the program has a positive impact, including an improvement in religious understanding, the development of more moderate and tolerant religious attitudes, and enhanced ability to comprehend classical texts among some of the santri. Overall, the program has achieved its main objectives but still requires improvement in terms of facilities and interaction during the learning process.

Coordinating conjunctions are conjunctions that function to connect two language units that have the same or equal status, while subordinating conjunctions are conjunctions that connect two language units that do not have the same or equal status. News text is a text that contains information about factual and actual events that are still hotly discussed by the public. This study aims to analyze the use of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions in news articles published by Kompas in September 2025. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method, with observation and note taking techniques applied to analyze conjunctions based on their types and functions. The results show that coordinating conjunctions such as (and, or, but, however) and subordinating conjunctions such as (because, so that, after, until, if) are used to construct coherent, logical, and easily understood sentences. The appropriate use of conjunctions supports the effective delivery of information and enhances the reader's comprehension of the news content. This research is expected to serve as a reference for readers or future researchers who wish to examine linguistic phenomena in online news texts using a similar approach.

Academic literacy is a crucial competence in Indonesian language learning as it supports the development of critical thinking, academic reading, and writing skills. However, Indonesian language instruction is often disconnected from students’ cultural backgrounds, resulting in less meaningful learning experiences. This study aims to describe the integration of Maumere local cultural texts in Indonesian language learning and to analyze their contribution to strengthening academic literacy based on local wisdom. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with lecturers and students, and analysis of instructional documents. The findings reveal that Maumere local cultural texts were integrated through the use of folktales, traditional expressions, and reflective as well as argumentative writing tasks. This integration contributed to the improvement of students’ critical reading skills, academic argumentation, and reflective literacy. Moreover, local cultural texts functioned as pedagogical capital that bridged students’ cultural experiences with academic language practices. The study concludes that integrating Maumere local cultural texts strengthens academic literacy while affirming students’ cultural identity. Therefore, Indonesian language learning should adopt a contextual approach grounded in local wisdom.

State revenue holds a vital position in sustaining national development and the functioning of government, with taxation serving as the primary contributor to Indonesia’s State Budget (APBN). The substantial reliance on tax income obliges the government to manage the taxation system in an optimal, efficient, and sustainable manner. Nevertheless, the attainment of tax revenue targets in practice remains challenged by various issues, including structural, administrative, and strategic limitations. This study seeks to examine the role of strategic tax management in supporting the achievement of state revenue objectives. The research adopts a literature review approach by analyzing textbooks, national and international scholarly journals, official government publications, and relevant regulatory frameworks. The data are analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method through processes of classification, comparison, and synthesis of findings from previous studies. The findings reveal that strategic tax management has a crucial influence on enhancing state revenue performance through coherent policy formulation, flexible strategy execution, and ongoing performance assessment. The integration of information technology, the reinforcement of tax administration, and the improvement of taxpayer compliance emerge as key determinants in achieving revenue targets. Accordingly, strategic tax management constitutes a fundamental tool for ensuring fiscal resilience and promoting sustainable national development.