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This study aims to map and analyze the development of literature related to diversity management, organizational culture, leadership, and human resource management through a systematic literature review approach. The method used is content analysis of 12 selected scientific journals published between 2017 and 2024. The results of the study indicate that diversity management significantly contributes to improving employee performance, with inclusive leadership, training and development programs, and fair policies as the main supporting factors. Research on organizational culture indicates that organizational values, norms, and customs play an important role in shaping employee loyalty and commitment, although their influence on organizational performance varies depending on the situation and environment. Additionally, it was found that organizational communication factors have a greater influence on performance compared to organizational cultural factors. In terms of leadership, transformational leadership style has been proven to have a positive impact on employee job satisfaction and productivity. Based on this mapping, an integrated framework has been developed that can be used as a reference for further research and strategies for managing workforce diversity, particularly in the context of Indonesia, which has high social and cultural diversity. In general, these findings emphasize the importance of implementing a comprehensive approach to human resource management to achieve organizational effectiveness in a diverse work environment.   Keywords: Diversity Management, Organizational Values, Leadership Style, Human Resources, Employee Performance.

This paper discusses the quarantine clearance out handling process through the SSM Single Submission System for the issuance of the Port Health Quarantine Certificate PHQC on the MT Jupiter Star ship managed by PT Semesta Sejahtera Lestari, Lampung Branch. Quarantine clearance out is an important stage in ensuring that ships departing from the port meet all health requirements and are free from the threat of diseases that can be transmitted to other areas. This process begins with the submission of an application by the ship's agent through the SSM System, which is designed to facilitate interaction between various related agencies, including the KKP Port Health Office, Customs, Immigration, and Ksop. After the application is submitted, quarantine officers will conduct a health inspection of the ship, including an examination of the crew and other health documentation. The results of this inspection are then recorded in the system and, if all requirements are met, a PHQC will be issued. This paper also identifies the challenges faced in the process, such as data integration between agencies that is sometimes less than optimal, and the importance of improving coordination between related parties to ensure a smooth clearance out process. Ultimately, the implementation of the SSM system is expected to increase efficiency and transparency in the process of issuing port health certificates, which in turn supports the smooth running of international shipping and trade activities. In writing this paper, the author used field research and library research methods.

This article analyzes the dynamics of the relationship between customs and the church in Bone Village, particularly the GMIT Jemaat Lopomaus Bone Church, in facing contemporary spiritual challenges, as well as its impact on the faith development of young people. Using a mixed-method research approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews with customary leaders, church leaders, representatives of parents, and youth leaders, as well as participatory observation. The research findings indicate that there has been strong harmony and collaboration between customs and the church since the arrival of Christianity, which contributes to the resolution of social issues and cultural preservation through social media. However, the nurturing of young people's faith faces significant obstacles such as the lack of special church programs, limited human resources (HR) in understanding faith, and the absence of a permanent pastor. Youth initiatives and support from teachers in 2023 have become turning points that drive the participation of parents and the congregation. This article recommends the need for an increase in structured faith development programs, strengthening of human resources, and serious efforts to have a permanent pastor to optimize the role of the church in shaping the spirituality of the younger generation in the midst of strong customary traditions.

Indonesia faces significant challenges in maintaining environmental ethics amid rapid economic growth and urbanization. Environmental degradation, such as deforestation, water pollution, and poor waste management, reflects a widespread lack of ecological awareness. However, local wisdom offers an alternative approach to environmental sustainability. This study aims to describe the forms of environmental ethics embedded in the local wisdom of the Betawi community in the Betawi Cultural Village of Setu Babakan, South Jakarta. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the research explores cultural practices that support environmental preservation, including the use of home gardens, reverence for nature, and community-based waste management. The findings show that the Setu Babakan community applies ecological principles through traditions, customs, and active participation in environmental care. Moreover, synergy between the government, local communities, and the tourism sector contributes to developing an area that not only preserves Betawi culture but also maintains ecological balance. These findings highlight the importance of integrating local cultural values into environmental policy as a pathway toward sustainable development.

Indonesia faces significant challenges in maintaining environmental ethics amid rapid economic growth and urbanization. Environmental degradation, such as deforestation, water pollution, and poor waste management, reflects a widespread lack of ecological awareness. However, local wisdom offers an alternative approach to environmental sustainability. This study aims to describe the forms of environmental ethics embedded in the local wisdom of the Betawi community in the Betawi Cultural Village of Setu Babakan, South Jakarta. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the research explores cultural practices that support environmental preservation, including the use of home gardens, reverence for nature, and community-based waste management. The findings show that the Setu Babakan community applies ecological principles through traditions, customs, and active participation in environmental care. Moreover, synergy between the government, local communities, and the tourism sector contributes to developing an area that not only preserves Betawi culture but also maintains ecological balance. These findings highlight the importance of integrating local cultural values into environmental policy as a pathway toward sustainable development.

This study aims to analyze the decisions of judges at the First Instance Court and the Cassation Level related to the crime of forgery of customs documents in Decision Number 185/PID.SUS/2016/PN.JAK.UTR and Decision Number 294 K/PID.SUS/2018. This study uses the Normative Juridical Legal Research Method by utilizing laws and regulations and judges' decisions and using the theory of criminal acts and the theory of punishment. The formulation of the problem in this study is, how is the consideration of the Panel of Judges at the First Instance Court so that the defendant is released from all charges by the Public Prosecutor, and how are the arguments of the Public Prosecutor's cassation memorandum and the legal considerations of the Panel of Judges at the Cassation level so that they impose a criminal sentence on the defendant. This study found that, the legal considerations of the Panel of Judges in Decision Number 185/PID.SUS/2016/PN.JAK.UTR which acquitted the Defendant from all charges of the Public Prosecutor because according to the Panel of Judges' considerations, all the tools and evidence revealed in the trial were in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code, both Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code and the conviction of the judge referred to in the provisions of Article 183 of the Criminal Procedure Code, and according to the theories of criminal acts and theories of punishment that the Defendant was not legally and convincingly proven to have committed the crime of falsifying customs documents. The arguments of the Public Prosecutor's cassation memorandum emphasize that Judex Facti applied the law incorrectly so that the Legal Considerations of the Panel of Judges of the Supreme Court in the Cassation Decision Number: 294 K/PID.SUS/2018 imposed a criminal sentence on the defendant because the Panel of Judges of the first instance (Judex Facti) applied the law incorrectly, therefore the Defendant was proven legally and convincingly guilty of jointly committing the crime of falsifying Customs documents as stipulated in Article 103 letter a of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 1995 concerning customs, as amended by Law Number 17 of 2006 in conjunction with Article 55 Paragraph (1) KE-1 of the Criminal Code.

This research aims to find out how marriage in Sasak customs and its economic impact in the perspective of Islamic and positive law. Perspective of Islamic and positive law. In this case, each tribe has differences in the implementation of the traditional marriage procession, due to the influence of the culture that exists in certain communities, such as the traditional marriage of Lombok. Culture that exists in certain communities, such as traditional marriages in Lombok, this is commonly known as merarik. The type of research used qualitative research with a case study research approach. As for data sources used from primary and secondary data. And for data collection techniques used interviews, observation and documentation. The results showed that: 1) the Sasak tribe's marriage research begins with with escape, selabar, bait wali, akad, perebak pucuk, begawe, metok doe, nyongkolan or rapah, and ends with bales ones naen. Where is the marriage marriage is valid according to Islamic law and state law, but in the process of abduction and process and nyongkolan is not in accordance with the procedures of marriage in Islam. Islam. 2) This traditional Sasak marriage has a significant economic impact. In terms of its economy. This traditional Sasak marriage has a positive impact and a negative impact on the economy. Negative impact on its economy. Where the positive impact can be felt by other communities in order to increase the UMKM of the surrounding community. And the impact The negative impact can be felt by the groom.

The process of obtaining permission to load and unload foreign vessels outside the customs area at the Customs and Excise Office. The implementation of loading and unloading outside the customs area must have permission from the party concerned because the implementation of loading and unloading of foreign ships outside the customs area without permission from the party concerned is a criminal offense which is regulated in Article 10 letter (b) of Law No.17 of 2006 concerning customs. The existence of congestion at the port so that the ship is docked outside the customs area with certain conditions. The need for coordination and thoroughness in processing loading and unloading permits outside the customs area so that all implementations are carried out properly. The task of PT Bahari Eka Nusantara Belawan Branch in licensing loading and unloading outside the customs area is very important because through PT Bahari Eka Nusantara Belawan Branch is the party responsible for the ship that will dock outside the customs area that it agents. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that there are still obstacles caused by a lack of understanding in the Sibela system input procedure. The late submission of loading and unloading permits outside the customs area is an obstacle to the delay in approval of loading and unloading permits for foreign ships outside the customs area.

Aceh is known as a province with cultural diversity and customs that are the outlook on life of its people. Customs are highly preserved because they are ancestral heritage that must be passed on to the next generation. One important aspect of culture is the regional language, which is an inseparable part of people's lives. Language functions as a means of communication to interact and build social relationships. Language is a meaningful expression used to convey messages that can be understood by the listener (Rizky, 2012). The Acehnese people are known to have a strong culture, reflected in the expression "matee aneuk meupat jeurat, gadoh adat pat tamita" which contains deep philosophical values. This expression shows people's awareness of the importance of customs in everyday life. Acehnese customs are an integral part of the culture that continues to live and develop in society. This custom makes a major contribution to the continuity of socio-cultural life in Aceh

This study aims to analyze the customary law system that applies in the Dayak Kalis community in West Kalimantan and examine its relationship with national formal law. Dayak Kalis customary law is an unwritten legal system that develops from the norms and customs of indigenous communities, and functions as a guideline in resolving disputes and regulating social life. In practice, this law emphasizes the values ​​of restorative justice and deliberation by consensus, with types of punishments adjusted to the level of violation, such as Saut, Setanga'Baar, Pati Nyawa, and Adat Kampung. The study uses a normative method with a document approach, legislation, and legal theory. The results of the study indicate that Dayak Kalis customary law remains recognized in the national legal system as long as it does not conflict with generally applicable laws. The existence of this customary law reflects the importance of preserving local wisdom as an integral part of the pluralistic Indonesian legal system.

As an agricultural country, farmers in Indonesia have a crucial role, their existence must be safeguarded within the agricultural sector. Encouraging farmers to engage in breeding or develop new superior plant varieties is essential for fostering independent and advanced Indonesian farmers. These breeding activities are governed by Law Number 22 of 2019 on Sustainable Agricultural Cultivation System, and Law Number 29 of 2000 Plant Variety Protection. However, these laws have led to challenges for farmers involved in breeding, as the Plant Variety Protection Law adopts liberal approach that prioritizes individual economic benefits and specifically protects breeders who have registered their new varieties. As a result, farmers who use traditional knowledge in their breeding practices are vulnerable to criminalization due to the registration system. This paper will examine the rights of farmers in breeding activities under Indonesian law and compare with regulations in Malaysia, which shares geographical proximity, customs, and membership in the World Trade Organization. The research method is normative legal research, utilizing both conceptual and comparative approach. The objective to explore the legal protection of farmers’ rights in breeding activities in both Indonesia and Malaysia, and provide recommendations for improving the protection of farmers' rights in the future.

This study is entitled "The Role of Parboru and Hula-Hula in the Settlement of Divorce Disputes in Batak Toba Customs". The main focus of this study is to analyze the role and position of Parboru (the woman's family) and Hula-Hula (the wife's family) in the divorce settlement process according to Batak Toba customs. This study also presents the dynamics of the interaction of the two elements in customary mediation, as well as how customary values ​​and norms are implemented to maintain the harmony and dignity of the extended family. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data obtained through interviews and library studies of relevant literature on Batak Toba customary law, Dalihan Na Tolu, and the role of Parboru and Hula-Hula in traditional ceremonies and the resolution of marital conflicts in Batak Toba customs. The results of the study indicate that Hula-Hula has a central position as a decision maker and mediator, while Parboru plays a role as a technical implementer, mediator, and balancer in the customary deliberation forum. The active involvement of both parties is very important to ensure that the divorce process runs according to customary norms and maintains the social harmony of the Batak Toba community. This study is expected to enrich the literature on Batak customary law and become a reference for students, the community, and customary leaders in understanding the importance of the role of kinship in resolving divorce.

This research examines the matrilineal inheritance system in Minangkabau society through the perspective of maqasid al-sharia and the principles of Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah (ABS-SBK). The matrilineal inheritance system which transmits inheritance through the mother's lineage is considered controversial in relation to Islamic law which is based on faraid. Through a qualitative approach using literature study and interview methods, this research analyzes the fatwas of Minangkabau female clerics which emphasize that the customary system can be in harmony with the main objectives of Islamic law, such as the protection of life, offspring, property and religion. The results show that female ulama see this system as a form of contextual ijtihad that considers justice and social benefit. The distinction between high inheritance (custom) and search property (divided according to Islamic law) reflects the flexibility in combining adat and sharia. Therefore, the Minangkabau matrilineal inheritance system is not only considered valid according to custom, but is also relevant to maqasid al-sharia.

This study analyzes factors that influence this understanding and perception, such as education level, family environment, media influence, personal experience, and involvement in daily customary life. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation in order to gain a deeper understanding of the young generation of Toba Batak towards customary divorce law. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of the understanding of the young generation towards the customary divorce process, the role of the family, and the factors that influence their views. This study discusses the perception and understanding of the young generation of Toba Batak towards customary divorce law amidst the influence of modernization. Through the understanding and perception of the young generation towards customary divorce law, this study attempts to provide an overview of the relevance of the young generation of Toba Batak towards customary divorce law. The results of the study show that although most still respect customs and the value of family deliberation, there are doubts about customary justice, especially regarding the position of women. The young generation tends to support the preservation of customs, but hopes for adjustments to be fairer and in accordance with the times. The results of the study are expected to be input for traditional leaders and the government in designing targeted cultural preservation policies.

This study aims to describe and analyze the representation of Indonesian culture in Fiersa Besari's novel Arah Langkah using Roland Barthes' semiotic approach. This novel presents the narrative of the journey of the novel's characters who discover the diversity of Indonesian culture through geographical descriptions, customs, and social interactions that occur. Using descriptive qualitative methods and literature studies, the study examines the cultural signs that appear in the text in depth at the level of denotative, connotative, and cultural myth meanings. Barthes' approach allows the disclosure of layers of symbolic and ideological meanings hidden in the novel's cultural representation. The results of the analysis are expected to enrich literary and cultural studies, increase readers' appreciation of Indonesian cultural values, and contribute to the preservation of the nation's cultural identity amidst the flow of globalization. This study also emphasizes the role of the novel as a medium for reflecting socio-cultural life and a means of learning life values through the experiences of characters in the story.

International trademark infringement poses a complex challenge for brand owners due to jurisdictional variations and differing legal systems across countries. This study examines available legal remedies, ranging from non-litigation dispute resolution mechanisms such as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) - encompassing negotiation, mediation, and arbitration - to formal litigation in national courts. ADR offers advantages in time efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and confidentiality, while litigation provides legal certainty through binding court decisions such as injunctions and damages awards. Preventive strategies including international trademark registration through the Madrid System and cooperation with customs authorities serve as crucial proactive protection measures. Furthermore, this research analyzes judicial considerations in cross-industry trademark disputes, including assessment of trademark similarity (visual, phonetic, conceptual), reputation of well-known marks, bad faith of infringers, and potential consumer confusion. Case studies such as Louis Vuitton vs. Louis Vuitton Dak and Zara Food vs. Zara Fashion demonstrate judicial application of the likelihood of confusion principle and anti-dilution doctrine even across different industries. The research employs normative legal methodology with statutory and secondary document analysis approaches. Findings confirm that legal strategy selection must consider infringement scale, jurisdiction, and business objectives, while international trademark protection requires integration of proactive registration, legal enforcement, and comprehensive understanding of global market dynamics.

The development of the role and position of the Tunggu Tubang child in the Mayorat inheritance system in the Semende customary law community in Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra, this is influenced by factors such as education, migration, lifestyle changes, and religion such as working outside the village and hiring people to manage agricultural land, without violating customary provisions that are oral and inherited from generation to generation. The responsibility of the Tunggu Tubang children in resolving inheritance disputes in the majority inheritance system in the Semende indigenous people involves an important role in providing an understanding of the provisions of the Semende customary inheritance to the members of the Tunggu Tubang family, responsible for conducting deliberations with Payung Meraje in order to reach an absolute and binding decision.

A discussion on Islamic morality and ethics is the purpose of this paper. We see many modern generations paying little attention to how to apply morality in their daily lives. Morals and ethics are human behaviours in daily life that have been instilled. Morals come from the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad and include what is good, bad, right, and wrong in one's actions. Meanwhile, ethics come from the culture and customs of the local community. In this paper, the author discusses the meaning of morals and ethics, human relationships with God, humans, and nature. Protest is a legitimate form of expression in a democratic society. In Islam, protest is also recognised as the right of everyone to voice injustice and bias. However, protests must also be carried out with ethics that are in accordance with Islamic teachings. The ethics of protest can be explained in the hadith, namely: Protests must be carried out peacefully and not violate the law. This is in accordance with the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, "Whoever sees an evil should change it with his hand. If he is unable, then with his tongue. If he is unable, then with his heart. And that is the weakest faith." (HR Muslim). In this Hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) teaches that protests should be done in stages, starting with the lightest action, namely giving a direct response. If you are unable to do so, then you can protest verbally, for example by expressing your opinion or criticism through the media. If that is no longer possible, then protest can be done in the heart, i.e. still rejecting evil, but not taking actions that can lead to violence or riots. Protest must be based on truth and justice. This is in accordance with the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (saw), "Indeed, Allah is true and loves truth." (Narrated by Bukhari) In this hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (saw) affirms that protest must be based on truth and justice. This means that protest must be done because of real injustice, not because of personal or group interests.

This study aims to describe the behavior of the main character Ama Ola in the short story "Kabar di Malam Natal" by SilvesterPetaraHurint. This study uses a qualitative method with analysis using psychoanalysis. The results of the study are as follows, (1) behavior that shows moral responsibility. The behavior of the main character Ama Ola that shows moral responsibility includes, a high attitude of responsibility, good morality, mutual trust, mutual protection, mutual respect, awareness to persist in a good and honorable attitude, and surrender and believe in the goodness and love of God, and (2) behavior that shows inner conflict. Behaviors that indicate inner conflict include loneliness, solitude, longing, warmth and assertiveness, courage towards oneself and anxiety, restlessness, fear that continues to rage and social dilemmas regarding the situation and circumstances around, obedience to the principles of life to maintain cultural, moral and religious customs.

According to Article 2 paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, a marriage is considered valid if it is conducted according to the laws of the respective religion and beliefs. Marriage is not merely a physical union but also an emotional bond, and fundamentally follows the principle of monogamy. In the legal framework of marriage, state protection—particularly for wives and future children—can only be guaranteed if the marriage is consciously conducted in accordance with Law Number 1 of 1974, which includes the requirement that the marriage be officially registered under applicable laws and regulations.If a marriage is not registered, the state cannot provide legal protection concerning marital status, joint property, inheritance, and other rights arising from the marriage. To establish a wife’s rights, it must first be proven that a legal marriage exists between her and her husband. One legal consequence of an unregistered marriage is that neither the wife nor any children from the marriage have the right to claim support or inheritance from the husband. Islamic inheritance laws allocate shares specifically to blood relatives.Unregistered marriages—often called sirri, kiyai, or syar’i marriages—are conducted according to religious rules or customs but are not registered with the Marriage Registrar. In Chinese customary law, property acquired during marriage is influenced by a patrilineal kinship system, where the wife’s status is governed by the husband’s family law. Generally, the husband, as head of the household, controls all marital property and has absolute rights to use it without needing the wife’s consent, including in transferring joint property.