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This study examines the dynamics of public criticism of Shin Tae-yong's dismissal by PSSI as a phenomenon of digital communication that shows the tension between freedom of expression and the legal limits of hate speech. The background of this research stems from the intensity of netizens' reactions, which developed into collective moral pressure and had the potential to enter the realm of insults and hostility, as reflected in various comments, news reports, and verbal disputes involving public figures. This study aims to analyze how criticism, media framing, and netizen responses interact with the regulations of the ITE Law, particularly Article 28 paragraph (2), which is often used in reporting hate speech. The methods used are a normative juridical approach and case studies with document analysis, news reports, and academic literature techniques to identify patterns of digital expression and their legal relevance. The results of the study show that public criticism of Shin Tae-yong not only reflects performance evaluation, but also contains emotional, social identity, and moral dimensions that are reinforced by media framing and digital culture. The discussion confirms that the shift from criticism to hate speech occurs when public expression is not managed ethically, while law enforcement on hate speech articles still faces interpretation problems. In conclusion, this verbal dispute reflects the complexity of Indonesia's digital democracy and the urgency of legal reform

This study investigates the phenomenon of quasi-social movements that emerged during the August 25, 2025 protests in Indonesia. Quasi-social movements are defined as forms of public mobilization that appear to arise spontaneously, lack formal organizational structures, and are often leveraged for particular political agendas. Using a qualitative method supported by literature review, this research examines social movement theories, the functions of social media, and the socio-political dynamics that shaped the protests. The findings indicate that the protests were not purely the result of spontaneous civic engagement, but were instead driven by top-down mobilization orchestrated by elite actors through digital narratives, disinformation, and the broader influence of communication technology. This phenomenon signals a shift in the relationship between citizens and the state, including evolving patterns of political participation that do not always follow organized forms. The protests further illustrate how mass mobilization in the digital era can be generated through narrative construction and manipulation of public perception. In conclusion, quasi-social movements represent a new pattern of technology-mediated political expression, highlighting the need for more critical perspectives on modern forms of social mobilization.

This study discusses the dynamics of interpersonal communication between mothers and children in dealing with family conflicts. Conflict is a natural part of interpersonal relationships, but the way it is managed determines the quality of long-term relationships. Interpersonal communication is an important element because through the process of exchanging messages, mothers and children can express their feelings, understand each other's perspectives, and find an agreement that can be accepted by both parties. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method to examine communication patterns, barriers, and strategies used in the conflict resolution process. The results of the study showed that open communication, empathy, emotional presence, and active listening skills greatly influenced the success of conflict management. In addition, research has found that the alignment of verbal and nonverbal messages, the use of non-judgmental language, and mutual respect can create an atmosphere conducive to dialogue. This study makes a theoretical contribution to understanding modern family relations and practical implications for strengthening communication in dealing with mother-child conflicts.

This study examines Indonesian as a pillar of academic identity and the urgency of revitalizing students' language attitudes and ethics in the digital era. The rapid development of digital communication has influenced students' language practices in academic contexts, which tend to lead to the use of informal, impolite language that does not reflect academic ethics. This study aims to describe students' language attitudes, academic communication patterns, and the level of awareness of language ethics in the use of Indonesian in higher education. This study used a qualitative approach with participatory observation techniques and in-depth interviews with students. The results show that students basically have normative knowledge of good and correct Indonesian, but this knowledge has not been consistently internalized in academic communication practices, especially in the digital space. The dominant digital communication culture has weakened students' sensitivity to politeness, ethics, and language professionalism. Furthermore, Indonesian language learning in higher education is still more oriented towards the technical aspects of writing than the formation of academic attitudes and identities. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of revitalizing Indonesian language learning that is contextual, reflective, and oriented towards strengthening students' attitudes, ethics, and academic identities in the digital era.

Data was collected through the listening method with the recording technique, then analyzed using mixed code theory in sociolinguistic studies. Data was analyzed using mixed code theory in sociolinguistic studies to reveal language usage patterns in the context of digital media. The research results show that code mixing serves as a multidimensional communicative strategy. First, mixing code is used to express emotions more effectively and authentically. Second, it serves to clarify the meaning of psychological concepts that do not have the right equivalent in Indonesian. Third, build closeness with an audience that has a bilingual background. Fourth, constructing a bilingual identity of speakers that reflects the social reality of Indonesian urban society. This research contributes to the understanding of the language practice of the Indonesian bilingual community in the digital era, especially in the delivery of personal and sensitive issues such as mental health, which requires a flexible and relatable communication strategy for millennial audiences and generation Z.

The advancement of digital technology has led to the extensive adoption of social media by teenagers. Social media has become a means of communication, entertainment, and an easily accessible source of information, but its use also has various impacts on adolescent mental health. This study aims to examine the influence of social media on adolescent mental health through a literature review approach. The method used was a literature review, reviewing various scientific journals, books, and academic articles relevant to the topic of social media and adolescent mental health. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to identify patterns of findings and trends in previous research. The findings of the research show that social media usage has both beneficial and detrimental effects on the mental health of adolescents. On the positive side, social media also can be means of self-expression, expanding social networks, and obtaining emotional support. However, excessive and uncontrolled social media use possesses the ability to create adverse effects, such as increased anxiety, stress, depression, low self-confidence, and impaired self-image due to social comparison. Furthermore, exposure to negative content, cyberbullying, and pressure to gain social approval also contribute to the decline in adolescent psychological well-being. The duration of use, the type of platform, and adolescents' ability to manage emotions and time also influence the level of perceived impact. Therefore, the active role of parents, educators, and the social environment is needed to provide guidance and digital literacy education so that teenagers can utilize social media sensibly. Through effective management, it is anticipated that social media can be used constructively while prioritizing adolescent mental health.

The rapid development of communication technology in the digital era has had a significant impact on people's interaction patterns. One of the important aspects in this case is its influence on communication behavior, both in social, economic, and political life. The Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE) which was passed in Indonesia in 2008, acts as a regulation to regulate the use of communication technology, especially in cyberspace, with the aim of protecting the public from misuse of technology such as defamation, fraud, and hate speech. This research aims to analyze how the influence of the ITE Law on changes in community interaction patterns in digital space, both positively and negatively. Research results show that although the ITE Law provides a clear legal framework, there are challenges in its implementation that have the potential to hinder freedom of opinion and change the way people interact online. On the other hand, this regulation also spurs the public to be more careful and responsible in communicating through digital platforms.  

Communication in digital media, especially YouTube, now plays an important role as a means of delivering educational material to the wider community. Nevertheless, studies on the phenomenon of communication on this platform, especially from the perspective of locutionary acts, are still limited. Philosophy-themed content, which is often considered abstract and complex, requires linguistic analysis to understand effective communication patterns. This study aims to identify and describe various forms of locutionary acts that appear in the “Belajar Filsafat” (Learning Philosophy) playlist on the YouTube channel Satu Persen – Indonesian Life School. This study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method based on pragmatic theory. Data were collected through observation and note-taking techniques in four videos from the playlist, then analyzed using matching techniques and presented informally. The results of the study show that there are 151 locutionary acts, including 76 declarative acts, 46 interrogative acts, and 29 imperative acts. Theoretically, this study contributes to the development of linguistic studies, particularly in the field of pragmatics that discusses speech acts, while practically, this study can be a reference for students and novice researchers in understanding speech act research methods and the importance of applying effective communication in the realm of digital education.

Maneuvering operations represent the most dynamically complex and operationally hazardous phase of a vessel's voyage, demanding precise real-time coordination between deck officers at the bridge and engineer officers in the engine room. Communication breakdowns at this critical interdepartmental interface have been consistently implicated in propulsion-related maritime accidents, yet the collaborative decision-making processes that govern bridge-engine room interaction during maneuvering remain insufficiently examined in the research literature. This study investigates collaborative decision-making patterns between deck and engineer officers during main engine telegraph operations, employing a qualitative observational design grounded in human factors engineering and Crew Resource Management theory. Through 72 hours of structured simulation observation across two maritime training centers and 36 semi-structured officer interviews, the study documents communication pattern frequencies, decision latency behaviors, information-sharing strategies, and CRM competency profiles across both officer categories and experience levels. Findings reveal persistent asymmetries in situational awareness, authority gradient distortions under time pressure, and a systematic underutilization of standardized communication protocols during non-routine maneuvering events. The study contributes a dual-department collaborative framework for bridge-engine room operations and offers evidence-based recommendations for integrated officer training design and propulsion safety protocol development.

The development of digital technology has influenced children's communication and social interaction patterns, including at the elementary school level. One widely used platform is TikTok, which provides short video content with a combination of visual and verbal communication. This study focuses on analyzing the influence of TikTok content on the communication and self-expression patterns of elementary school students at MIM Ngadirejan. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with students and teachers, observations of student communication behavior in the school environment, and analysis of TikTok video content frequently watched by students. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that consuming TikTok content influences students' use of informal language, adoption of popular terms, and imitation of non-verbal expressions. Furthermore, TikTok use also increases students' creativity and courage in expressing themselves, requiring parental guidance and strengthening digital literacy.

Fear of making mistakes is one of the psychological factors that may hinder students’ participation in English speaking activities. In vocational high school settings, speaking competence is particularly important because students are expected to communicate effectively in both academic and professional contexts. However, many learners remain reluctant to speak English due to concerns about making errors. Understanding this phenomenon is essential for supporting students’ oral language development. This study investigated students’ fear of making mistakes in English speaking performance at SMK PGRI Sumbermanjing, East Java, Indonesia. The study aimed to explore the factors contributing to students’ fear of making mistakes and examine how this fear affected their speaking performance in classroom activities. A qualitative case study design was employed. Twenty students were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and themes. The findings revealed four major factors associated with students’ fear of making mistakes: fear of pronunciation errors, fear of negative evaluation from peers, limited vocabulary knowledge, and fear of teacher correction. These factors influenced students’ speaking performance by reducing confidence, increasing hesitation, limiting classroom participation, and encouraging avoidance of speaking opportunities. Fear of negative evaluation and pronunciation-related concerns were reported most frequently among participants. In conclusion, fear of making mistakes remains an important challenge affecting students’ English speaking performance. Creating supportive classroom environments and providing meaningful speaking opportunities may help students participate more confidently in English communication activities.

Indonesian language education plays a strategic role in strengthening national identity and preserving cultural values amid the pressures of globalization. In the global era, the dominance of foreign languages, digital media, and transnational cultures poses challenges to the existence of national languages and local cultural identities. This study aims to analyze the role of Indonesian language education as an instrument for reinforcing national identity and cultural awareness in formal educational settings. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review approach, examining scientific journals, policy documents, and relevant educational studies published within the last five years. Data were analyzed through content analysis to identify patterns, themes, and conceptual relationships related to language education and cultural identity. The findings reveal that Indonesian language education not only functions as a medium of communication but also serves as a vehicle for transmitting national values, cultural narratives, and collective identity. Learning materials that integrate local wisdom, literature, and cultural texts significantly contribute to students’ cultural awareness and national character development. Furthermore, Indonesian language education plays an important role in fostering critical literacy, cultural resilience, and a sense of belonging among learners in a globalized context. The study implies that strengthening Indonesian language education through curriculum development, contextual learning, and teacher competence enhancement is essential to sustaining national identity and cultural continuity in the era of globalization.

This internship report aimed to describe the results of the analysis of employee performance at the Secretariat of the DPRD of Sikka Regency, particularly in providing administrative support for the budgeting function and achieving organizational accountability. The internship was conducted for four months, from August 11 to December 12, 2025, and took place in the Budgeting and Oversight Division. Data collection methods used in preparing this report included participatory observation of bureaucratic activities, structured interviews with the Head of the Budgeting and Oversight Division, and review of internal documents such as the 2024 Performance Report (LAKIP). The analysis focused on identifying operational obstacles and formulating effective problem-solving strategies.The results of the analysis showed that although administrative governance had generally been implemented in accordance with procedures, significant constraints were still found, including limited human resource competencies, low levels of work discipline, and inadequate facilities and infrastructure. These issues affected delays in the completion of financial accountability reports (LPJ), which in turn influenced the credibility of budget accountability. As a solution, this report formulated optimization strategies through strengthening periodic technical guidance (Bimtek), increasing staff supervision, and improving the effectiveness of internal communication patterns. The implementation of these strategies is expected to ensure the creation of work efficiency and sustainable budget accountability within the Secretariat of the DPRD of Sikka Regency.

Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) face the problem of stigmatization and negative image that has been rooted in public perception for several decades, where the social construction of TKI is dominated by narratives of exploitation, violence, and victimization reinforced by conventional mass media coverage. The phenomenon of TKI emerging as content creators on the TikTok platform opens new opportunities for migrant workers to represent themselves independently and build personal Branding that has the potential to reconstruct their image in public perception. This study aims to analyze the personal Branding strategies of TKI content creators on TikTok, measure the engagement patterns and reach of the content produced, and evaluate the transformation of public perception toward Indonesian migrant workers as an implication of these digital communication practices. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design to explore the process of image reconstruction through personal Branding on the TikTok platform. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with five TKI content creators who have followers ranging from 750 thousand to 2.3 million, interviews with 50 active followers, and interviews with two digital communication experts. The research findings show that TKI content creators implement personal Branding strategies through content authenticity, narrative consistency, and positioning differentiation with engagement rates. Public perception changed significantly with a decrease in negative perception from 68 percent to 18 percent and an increase in positive perception from 10 percent to 55 percent within an exposure period of more than 12 months. Image reconstruction occurs through three mechanisms: humanization that displays the human side of TKI, normalization that elevates the profession as work worthy of respect, and inspiration that demonstrates their positive achievements. This study recommends that the government and related stakeholders support digital literacy for migrant workers to optimize social media platforms as a means of empowerment, as well as promote policies that protect and appreciate the contribution of TKI as an integral part of national economic development.

The rapid development of digital technology requires communities to possess basic digital marketing literacy and skills in order to adapt to technology-based communication and marketing patterns. The main problem faced by the target participants in this Community Service Program was the low level of understanding and basic skills in utilizing digital media, particularly YouTube and TikTok, for promotion and information dissemination. This program aimed to enhance the capacity of beginners through an applied and contextual basic digital marketing training. The method employed an educative and participatory approach through interactive lectures, discussions, and hands-on content creation practices. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of digital marketing concepts, their ability to use social media functionally, and their initial readiness to produce simple digital content. These findings confirm that a beginner-oriented training model is effective as a community empowerment instrument in the digital era. This program contributes to strengthening digital literacy and has the potential to be replicated in other communities with similar characteristics.

Family management plays a pivotal role in establishing equilibrium between emotional dynamics and communication among family members. The family environment constitutes the primary context in which children learn to interact, communicate, and develop their character. Parental communication patterns, along with their capacity for emotional regulation, serve as critical determinants of a supportive home atmosphere conducive to children’s developmental and educational outcomes. This study aims to examine the influence of communication management and emotional management within the family on the development of children’s emotional intelligence and their overall academic success. This research employs a literature review approach by critically analyzing various sources, including scholarly journals, books, and relevant empirical studies. The findings indicate that effective communication management characterized by openness, empathy, and mutual respect strengthens parent child emotional bonds, enhances learning motivation, and improves academic achievement. Furthermore, sound emotional management enables parents to regulate stress and model appropriate self-control, thereby fostering a harmonious and productive learning environment within the household.

The information technology revolution has brought significant changes to almost all aspects of people's lives, from communication patterns and ways of obtaining information to production and trade systems across various sectors. The development of digital technology has also driven cultural, social, and economic changes that require society to continuously adapt. This article aims to examine how society adapts to these changes through a literature review approach, examining various relevant scientific sources. The discussion focuses on digital literacy, human resource (HR) transformation, the concept of Society 5.0, the psychological impact of digital technology use, the role of public policy, and the use of technology in the economic sector. The study results indicate that the success of societal adaptation is greatly influenced by the level of digital literacy and the readiness of human resources to face increasingly rapid technological developments. Furthermore, public policies that support equal access to technology and digital education are crucial factors in this adaptation process. Equitable digital literacy and the development of adaptive and flexible human resources are key strategies for maximizing digital economic opportunities while addressing various social challenges in the era of information technology transformation.

Abbreviation is a common linguistic strategy used to achieve efficiency and clarity in modern communication. This study examines the abbreviation systems of English and Indonesian through a contrastive linguistic approach, focusing on morphological patterns, phonological constraints, and usage conventions. Employing a qualitative descriptive design, the data were collected from established linguistic references and analyzed using classical contrastive analysis principles. The findings reveal that English abbreviation formation is structurally flexible, allowing both pronounceable acronyms and non-pronounceable initialisms, often maintaining complex consonant clusters and orthographic capitalization. In contrast, Indonesian abbreviation formation is strongly influenced by phonological preferences, particularly ease of pronunciation and conformity to open syllable structures, resulting in forms that closely resemble ordinary lexical items. These structural differences suggest potential sources of negative transfer for language learners and challenges in translation practices. The study concludes that abbreviation systems are shaped not only by linguistic rules but also by sociocultural and communicative needs. Understanding these contrasts is essential for language teaching, translation, and further comparative linguistic research.

Developments in information technology have had a significant impact on business communication and negotiation processes in various industrial sectors. Technological advances such as email, video conferencing, instant messaging applications, cloud-based information systems, and other digital media have created new, faster, more efficient, and more documented communication models. This study uses a descriptive approach based on a literature review to analyze how information technology is transforming interaction patterns, strategies, and negotiation processes in the modern business environment. The results indicate that information technology plays a strategic role in increasing the effectiveness of business communication and accelerating the negotiation process. Advantages such as cost savings, time flexibility, global access, and automated documentation are the main reasons for the increasing use of digital media in the business world. However, digital negotiation also presents challenges such as the loss of non-verbal context, the risk of miscommunication, data security issues, and limitations in interpersonal relationships. The conclusion of this study confirms that successful negotiations in the digital era are greatly influenced by interpersonal communication skills, digital literacy, appropriate media selection, and the implementation of negotiation strategies that adapt to technological changes.

Abstract. The rapid growth of social media has significantly changed communication patterns, self-expression, and employment opportunities, especially among younger generations. However, among vocational high school students, social media use is still largely focused on entertainment and has not been optimally utilized for skill development, personal branding, or economically productive activities. Addressing this issue, a community service program was conducted to enhance the knowledge, understanding, and practical skills of students at SMK YBPK Pare in creating creative, structured, and relevant social media content in line with the demands of the digital era in 2024. The program was implemented through the delivery of conceptual materials on social media fundamentals, content planning strategies, and effective content creation techniques. These materials were strengthened through interactive discussions and hands-on practice using smartphones and accessible editing applications. The participants included 40 students from grades X, XI, and XII, representing Generation Z with high social media usage intensity. The results showed improved student understanding of the purpose of social media, basic digital content concepts, and communicative content creation techniques. Students were able to produce simple promotional content to support school branding. In addition to technical skills, the program increased awareness of social media as a tool for self-development, digital literacy, and future employment or entrepreneurial opportunities, thereby contributing positively to students’ digital competencies and work readiness.