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Liver cirrhosis and nephrolithiasis are significant health problems with different pathophysiological mechanisms. Liver cirrhosis, the final stage of chronic liver disease, is characterized by fibrosis and regenerative nodules, leading to severe complications, including portal hypertension and liver failure. Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, is a common urological condition characterized by the formation of stones in the renal system. Although these conditions are distinct, metabolic and physiological changes in cirrhotic patients may predispose to nephrolithiasis.  It was reported that a man came to the emergency room of RSUD Dr. Suhatman MARS with complaints of left-sided low back pain that had been felt for 1 week. The complaint was accompanied by shortness of breath which was getting worse over time. The patient also felt cough, headache, nausea, fatigue, urine slightly coloured like tea, weight loss. The patient has a history of untreated kidney stones. The patient has a history of hepatitis 31 years ago. The main objective of investigating the coexistence of liver cirrhosis and nephrolithiasis is to understand the relationship between these two conditions and to develop effective management strategies that can address their combined impact on patients.      

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread muscle pain and fatigue, often accompanied by psychological symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Medication adherence is crucial for managing this condition, yet many patients struggle to follow prescribed regimens. This study aims to explore the role of self-efficacy in medication adherence among fibromyalgia patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The researcher conducted a literature search in major electronic databases to identify relevant studies published between 2015 and 2023. Out of 1,247 identified articles, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for analysis. The meta-analysis results indicate a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy and medication adherence (r = 0.42, 95% CI [0.35, 0.49], p < 0.001). Moderator analysis revealed that this relationship is stronger among patients receiving self-efficacy-based interventions compared to those receiving standard care. These findings underscore the importance of integrating self-efficacy enhancement strategies into fibromyalgia management to improve medication adherence, ultimately leading to better patient health outcomes.

Keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi. Keratitis can be classified based on the layer of the cornea affected, such as superficial and deep keratitis, or based on the cause, namely keratitis due to reduced tear secretion, keratitis due to drug poisoning, keratitis allergic reaction, infection, immune reaction, reaction to chronic conjunctivitis. This report describes the case of a 44 years old man who came with the main complaint, his left eye felt painful/stinging since ± 3 months ago. Pain in the left eye worsens when the patient leaves the house and is exposed to sunlight, complaints become mild if the patient is not exposed to sunlight. The patient's complaint initially arose after a foreign object entered the patient's eye, after which surgery was carried out, a week after the operation the patient's eye felt painful again. Ophthalmic status examination revealed a decrease in the left visual acuity from 6/12 to 6/18 ± 2 months after surgery, the bulbar conjunctiva was hyperemic, and the cornea was cloudy. The patient was diagnosed with keratitis et. causa oculi sinistra bacteria. In management, patients are given education to avoid direct exposure to sunlight/dust, avoid rubbing their eyes, and use protective glasses every time they leave the house. The pharmacological management given is in the form of antibiotics, cycloplegics, painkillers and H2 receptor antagonists.

Diabetic neuropathy is a complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus which is caused by lesions or nerve dysfunction in the lower extremities due to chronic hyperglycemia through peripheral and central mechanisms which can cause symptoms of tingling, numbness, numbness, pain, burning sensation, etc. sleep, thus affecting the sleep quality of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This aim is to analyze the relationship between diabetic neuropathy and sleep quality in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Baladhika Husada Hospital, Jember. This research uses a correlation research design with a Cross-Sectional Study approach with a sample size of 43 respondents taken using the Pusposive Sampling technique. The statistical test results for diabetic neuropathy with sleep quality using the Spearman Rho test showed that the p value was 0.002 and r = 0.456, which means that diabetic neuropathy has a sufficient relationship with sleep quality. There is a negative relationship between diabetic neuropathy and the sleep quality of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, so it can be said that increasing the severity of diabetic neuropathy will also affect the sleep quality of sufferers. The results of this research can be used as a guide for sufferers of type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic neuropathy to increase self-awareness in paying attention to lifestyle, maintaining diet, and routinely controlling medication in health services, in order to reduce the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy so as to improve the quality of sleep of sufferers.

Background : Based on the WHO suevey around 529 million people around the world suffer from osteoartgritis. In Indonesia people who ferment arthritis disease numer 181,556. Osteoarthritis is a chronic, progressive joint disorder that typically occurs in middle to old age with reference to cartilage damage located in bone joints. In osteoarthritis a deterioration of the caetilage tissue in the joint region will result in pain and rigidity that lead to motion impairment. Non pharmalogical therapy is recommended with steaming giner stew. Objective The ginger stew therapy is for lowering the scale of pain in oldet osteoarthritis. Method :  The research used was a descriptive study using case study methods. The subject pf the board’s diagnosis is two osteoarthritis respondens. Result : A case dtudy has shown that there has been a decline in the scare of pain in older osteoarthritis. Conclusion : The progression of the scales of pain before and after application of the ginger stew made 2 respondents had a decrease I the scale of the pain with a 2-3 scale

Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common articular disease of the developed country and cause of chronic disability, and may cause joint failure.Currently, it is more prevalent than it used to be, and it is predicted that this tendency will continue as life expectancy and the prevalence of obesity increase.OA is related to age, but is associated with a variety of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, including obesity, lack of exercise, genetic predisposition, bone density, occupational injury, trauma, and gender. It is a major cause of disability in elderly populations around the globe, especially in developed countries. the aim of study to identify Knowledge about osteoarthritis and its related risk factors in fourth grade students in nursing department of Alfarabi collage  and to assess Knowledge about osteoarthritis and its related risk factors in fourth grade students in nursing department of Alfarabi collage . methodology The methodology for studying the knowledge about osteoarthritis and its related risk factors in fourth-grade students in the nursing department of Alfarabi College can be utilize a cross-sectional research design to assess the knowledge of fourth-grade nursing students about osteoarthritis and its related risk factors. A convenience sampling method will be used to select participants from the fourth-grade nursing students at Alfarabi College. The sample size will be determined based on the total number of fourth-grade students in the nursing department. Results The sociodemographic characteristics of 256 students at Al-Farabi College were analyzed. The majority of respondents were male (73.8%), over 22 years old (35.3%), and engaged in manual labor (53.0%). The study found that students had higher knowledge about certain aspects of osteoarthritis, such as postmenopausal women being more at risk for osteoporosis than osteoarthritis (87.5%), while their knowledge about female gender as a risk factor was lower (39.4%). Students also had higher knowledge about joint pain as a symptom of osteoarthritis (82.8%) compared to redness in the joint (53.1%).Finally, while there was a high significance between having a first-degree relative with knee osteoarthritis and knowledge, there was no significance between being clinically diagnosed with osteoarthritis and knowledge among the students. Conclusion  the study of sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge of osteoarthritis among students at Al-Farabi College revealed that there were significant associations between gender, occupation, awareness of knee osteoarthritis as a disease entity, and having a first-degree relative with knee osteoarthritis with knowledge about the condition. However, there was no significant association between age, being clinically diagnosed with osteoarthritis, and knowledge.

Non-pharmacological pain management is an important approach to improving the quality of life of patients with chronic pain. This technique includes various methods, such as relaxation, heat and cold therapy, distraction, and deep breathing techniques, which aim to reduce the perception of pain without the need for medication. This approach is especially useful for patients who cannot or do not want to rely on pharmacological treatment. This training aims to improve the understanding and skills of health cadres in implementing non-pharmacological techniques in pain management in the community. This community service uses a quantitative method with a pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design to measure changes in the understanding and skills of health cadres. Respondents consisted of 20 health cadres who lived in Jajar Village, Surakarta. The training materials included basic theories of pain management, as well as direct practice of non-pharmacological techniques. The results of the community service showed a significant increase in the understanding and skills of health cadres after being given training. This can be seen from the significant difference in pre-test and post-test scores. This increase indicates that non-pharmacological training is effective in improving the competence of health cadres, which is expected to be applied in helping patients manage pain in a safer and more efficient way.

This systematic literature review explores the role of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)-based mind-body interventions in improving wound healing within nursing practice. Wound healing is a complex, multifactorial process influenced not only by cellular and molecular factors but also by psychological and immune responses. Despite the growing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of mind-body practices such as guided imagery, hypnotherapy, and meditation in managing stress and modulating immune responses, there is limited integration of these interventions into clinical nursing practices. This review aims to bridge this gap by synthesizing studies published between 2020 and 2024 that examine the impact of these interventions on wound healing outcomes. The review follows the PRISMA protocol, analyzing data from 50 primary studies focusing on RCTs, systematic reviews, and quasi-experimental designs. The results show significant improvements in wound closure rates, pain reduction, and immune modulation (e.g., reduction in cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines) in patients who received mind-body interventions. The findings support the hypothesis that mind-body interventions, by addressing both psychological stress and immune function, enhance wound healing. The proposed framework for integrating PNI-based interventions into nursing practice could improve patient outcomes in chronic wound management. Future research should focus on long-term studies with larger sample sizes and standardized intervention protocols to further validate these findings.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by the body's inability to metabolize carbohydrates, fats and proteins, leading to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels). Diabetes Mellitus can be associated with serious complications such as kidney damage, eye problems, cardiovascular disease, nerve damage and skin and foot problems, so DM sufferers need to take precautions to avoid complications. There are several ways to prevent diabetic ulcers, several things that families and patients can do independently, checking the condition of the feet every day for Diabetes Mellitus sufferers needs to be done once a day to detect abnormalities such as redness, blisters, cracked skin, swelling and pain. Objective: To determine the relationship between foot care and the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers in diabetes mellitus sufferers in the Sukabumi Health Center Working Area. Method: The method used in this research is the Descriptive Analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. The samples used were 69 patients suffering from diabetes who were at risk of diabetic foot ulcers in the Sukabumi Community Health Center Working Area. Results: Based on the results of statistical tests with chi-square, the resulting P value was 0.000 < 0.05, which can be concluded that there is a relationship between foot care behavior and the incidence of diabetic ulcers in diabetes mellitus sufferers in the Sukabumi Community Health Center Working Area. Conclusion: it can be concluded that there is a relationship between foot care behavior and the incidence of diabetic ulcers in diabetes mellitus sufferers in the Sukabumi Health Center Work Area. Suggestion: DM sufferers are expected to be disciplined in caring for their feet even though diabetic foot ulcers have not yet occurred and families with diabetes are able to get involved and help if the patient has a serious ulcer, without having to visit health personnel.    

As age changes, without realizing it, elderly people will also experience physical, psychosocial and spiritual changes. One of these changes is cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal system disorders are a factor in chronic diseases and motor system disorders in the elderly such as rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid Arthritis is at risk of causing complications in the form of carpal tunnel syndrome, a condition that causes numbness, tingling, pain or weakness. on the hands and wrists. This research uses a quantitative research design using a one group pre-post test (pre-experimental) method. A quantitative design is used because the data will be used to determine the influence between variables which are expressed using numbers or a numerical scale. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of 20 respondents. Data analysis used paired t test t test. shows that from the results of the dependent t test or paired sample T-test, it can be seen that the average level of pain before and after doing ergonomic exercises is 1,650 and obtained P value = 0.000 < 0.05, so H0 is rejected, meaning that there is an influence of ergonomic exercises on pain levels in elderly people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis at PSSW Budi Mulia 1 Cipayung in 2023

Gouty arthritis is a metabolic disease that mostly occurs in middle-aged to elderly men and women in the post-menopausal period. This metabolic disease is caused by the accumulation of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals in the joints and connective tissue tophi. Joint pain is a problem for elderly people in the world and in Indonesia. It was recorded according to (WHO, 2023) that in 2019, around 528 million people worldwide suffered from joint pain, an increase of 113% since 1990. Around 73% of joint pain sufferers were over 55 years old, and 60% were women. With a prevalence of 365 million people, the knee is the joint most frequently affected, followed by the hip and hand. By using cinnamon as a non-pharmacological measure to reduce pain caused by signs and symptoms of gouty arthritis. Method: Case study using nursing care for Mr. S by doing a warm cinnamon compress for 7 days. Results and Conclusions: Chronic pain problems were resolved with warm cinnamon compresses marked by Mr. S said the pain had disappeared and he could carry out daily activities. P: pain caused by gout Q: none R: none S: 1 T: none. Mr. S still looks smiling and no longer grimacing, Mr. S doesn't seem anxious, Mr. S appears to be able to carry out activities and does not avoid pain. TTV results TD: 130/80 mmH N: 84x/m RR: 22x/m S: 36.6℃.

Background: Tonsillectomy is defined as a surgical procedure to completely remove the tonsils, including their capsules by dissection of the peritonsillar space between the tonsil capsule and the muscular wall. Purpose: This scientific paper is to provide an overview of the Management of Cold Compresses on Pain Intensity in Nursing Care of Chronic Tonsillitis with Tonsillectomy. Methods: The design of this research is descriptive analytic with case study method. The non-pharmacological implementation of Post Tonsillectomy is the Administration of Cold Compresses to Pain Intensity carried out at Bhayangkara M.Hasan Hospital Palembang from 08 May 2023 to 10 May 2023 and 16 May 2023 to 19 May 2023. The subjects of this study were 2 post tonsillectomy patients. Results: After giving cold compresses for 3 days, both patients experienced a decrease in pain scale. Pain scale Mr 'T' before giving cold compresses pain scale 4 after giving cold compresses pain scale 0. Meanwhile, pain scale Nn 'S' before giving cold compresses pain scale 5 after giving cold compresses pain scale 1. Conclusion: After Cold Compress was given to Post Tonsillectomy patients for 3 days, both patients experienced a decrease in pain scale. The intervention was successful.  

Hypertension or high blood pressure is an increase in systolic blood pressure of more than 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of more than 90 mmHg in two measurements with an interval of five minutes in a state of sufficient rest/calm. One of the non-pharmacological therapies to reduce pain is a deep breathing relaxation technique consisting of slow, rhythmic chest and abdominal breathing which has the benefit of relieving acute and chronic pain by doing it constantly.

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the palatine tonsils. Infection of the tonsils occurs if antigens, whether inhaled or ingested, easily enter the tonsils and the body resists and a focus of infection forms. Initially, the infection is acute, generally caused by viruses that grow on the mucous membrane, then followed by bacterial infection. As a result of chronic inflammation, the size of the tonsils will increase due to parenchymal hyperplasia or fibrinoid degeneration with tonsillar crypt obstruction. The definitive treatment for chronic tonsillitis is surgical removal of the tonsils or tonsillectomy where one of the complications is bleeding which triggers hypovolemic shock. This case report presents a 19 year old man who complained of pain in swallowing and a feeling of lump in the throat and based on the history, physical examination and supporting examinations that had been carried out, the patient was diagnosed with tonsillitis and planned to undergo a tonsillectomy. After the procedure, the patient experienced hypovolemic shock due to bleeding and died

Low back pain (LBP) is a non-specific condition of acute or chronic pain in or near the lumbosacral spines that can be caused by inflammatory, neoplastic, traumatic, or other disorders. Long standing can be caused discomfort for the worker’s body. A survey conducted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2011, low back pain is found in the top 10 diseases in Indonesia. As for jobs that required on standing for long duration and correlation by increased risk for low back pain, one of which is in a cake company called Rotte Bakery in Pekanbaru. The production process at Rotte Bakery required a lot of human roles, especially in terms of physical aspects, allowing staffs to long standing while working which can cause ergonomic problems such as low back pain. The research conducted by observational analytic method, with a cross sectional study design. The sampling technique used accidental sampling which was statistically tested using the chi-square test. The research purposes to determine the correlation of the long standing with low back pain event on Rotte Bakery Pekanbaru city staffs 2020. The result showed that there was a relationship (p-value = 0,000) and a significant correlation (p-value < 0.05) long standing with lower back pain event on Rotte Bakery Pekanbaru city staffs. Rotte Bakery staffs advised to pay attention to standing time while working, adhere to the rules for using a complete PPE, and the company can provide education at the beginning before starting work.

 Working position when typing is closely related to ergonomics or comfort issues, especially in the areas of design, position and proper body posture. MTrPs is a condition describing acute or chronic soft tissue pain, which occurs in muscles or muscle fascia. MTrPs cause contraction of knots or nodes that can form in a muscle band junction which is a source of pain. Pain or discomfort in the form of a prickling, throbbing, cutting and burning sensation in the loose connective tissue that covers the trapezius muscle due to trigger points. Data on computer workers in the Pedurungan Wetan area is 24 workers. This research method is a pre-experimental one group pre and post test design and sampling using purposive sampling technique. The population of this research is rental workers who work in Tlogosari Wetan, Pedurungan, Semarang City. The research instrument uses VAS (Vasual Analog Skill). The research stages consist of preparation, implementation and processing of research data. The steps taken at the preparation stage are literature study, field survey, outreach to rental workers. The implementation stage is carried out by collecting data. The results of this study showed that there was a relationship between typing time and the occurrence of MTrPs in the Upper Trapezius Muscle.

Chalazion is granulomatous inflammation with lipogranuloma or chronic non-infectious inflammation of the eyelids, in the form of nodules formed by inflammation and obstruction of the Meibomian Tarsal or Zeis glands. This chalazion often occurs in all age groups, but is more common in adults than children, and affects men and women equally. A chalazion usually appears as a painless swelling of the eyelid that has been present for weeks to months, which can cause cosmetic deformity in the patient. The priority management of chalazion to reduce existing complaints is conservative management. Some methods for conservative management in cases of chalazion include warm compresses, cleaning the eyelids with baby shampoo, and massaging the eyelids. If conservative management fails, patients can be treated with pharmacotherapy or surgery

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic intraepidermal bullous disease that causes extensive skin lesions. Pemphigus vulgaris initially appears in the form of vesicles and loose-walled bullae that break easily on normal skin, which then develop into bullae with an erythematous base, then rupture, causing erosion, excoriation, which is usually accompanied by crusting and pain. Bullae occur due to damage or damage to intercellular adhesion due to IgG autoantibodies to desmoglein 3, causing epithelial cells called acantholysis (epidermal cell separation reaction). The hallmark of pemphigus is erosion that extends into normal skin by pulling on remnants of the blister wall or rubbing on the periphery of an active lesion. Erosion can be induced on normal-appearing skin away from the active lesion by mechanical stress or shear, a phenomenon known as the Nikolsky sign. Prognosis before corticosteroids are used, death occurs in 50% of patients within the first year. Treatment with corticosteroids makes the prognosis better. Pemphigus vulgaris in the early stages will be easier to control than those with widespread manifestations, the mortality rate will increase if there is a delay in therapy.

A 63 year old male patient came to the emergency room with complaints of weakness since 5 days of SMRS. Complaints are accompanied by nausea, vomiting, pain throughout the stomach, and liquid bowel movements. The patient also complained of low back pain that spread to both legs and made it difficult to walk. The patient also feels that he is urinating a little and seems to be stuck. Two weeks ago the patient had a fever accompanied by a cough. On physical examination, BP 90/60 mmHg, HR 111 x/minute, RR 20 x/minute, BMI 20.3 kg/m2, suprapubic area tenderness, right CVA tapping pain. Investigations Hb 11.73 g/dl, urea: 73 mg/dl, creatinine: 3.45 mg/dl, tubex: negative, dengue Ig M: negative, dengue Ig G: positive. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed multiple nephrolithiasis dextra. On chest X-ray examination, there was an increased bronchovascular pattern, an air bronchogram (+) with an impression of bronchitis. The finding of multiple nephrolithiasis dextra indicates that the patient's kidney failure is chronic in nature, however, DHF that is not treated properly causes worsening of kidney function, giving rise to the condition of ACKD.

Erysipelas is an infection of the nonnecrotic superficial skin accompanied by lymphangitis. This infection will cause a clinical picture in the form of well-defined erythematous plaques. Most cases of erysipelas are caused by bacteria, most often the normal skin flora such as Streptococcus bacteria but erysipelas can also be caused by S. aureus and group C or G Streptococcus. Erysipelas can occur at any age. Erysipelas is closely related to the patient’s physical condition and cellular immune status which underlies or facilitates the occurrence of infections, including chronic systemic diseases suffered by these patients, such as diabetes mellitus, immunocompromised states. The lower extremities are the most common predilection for erysipelas. Most erysipelas patients come for treatment with the main complaint of swelling, redness, and pain experienced by the patient accompanied by other complaints such as burning and itching which are predisposing factors to the occurrence of this infection. The diagnosis of erysipelas is based on anamnesis, physical examination and laboratory tests. The management of erysipelas is the administration of antibiotics and wound care.