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This article discusses the comparative law between Indonesia and Malaysia regarding bankruptcy of inheritance left by a deceased testator. In Indonesia, Bankruptcy of Inheritance and Responsibility of Heirs Based on the "Burgerlijk Wetboek", with 2 (two) main issues, namely bankruptcy petitions based on debts from the testator and the responsibility of heirs who have received inheritances from deceased debtors. The main focus of this discussion is how each country regulates the possibility of inheritance being declared bankrupt, as well as the position of the heirs in the bankruptcy process. The method used in this study is normative juridical with a comparative law approach. The results of the analysis show that although Indonesia and Malaysia have similar legal system roots (civil law influenced by the Netherlands and England), there are differences in principle in the treatment of bankruptcy of inheritance. Indonesia allows bankrupt inheritance assets to be subject to bankruptcy under certain conditions, while Malaysia emphasizes the inheritance administration process without a formal bankruptcy approach. This study is important to provide an understanding for legal practitioners in dealing with inheritance dispute cases burdened with debt.

Drugs are an abbreviation of narcotics and dangerous drugs. Napra which is an abbreviation of Narcotics, Paicotropics and Addictive Substances. Are substances that can affect the body, especially the central nervous system In an effort to realize a prosperous society, the seriousness of the community and government is needed to achieve it. One of the applications is a strategy in government. Qualitative descriptive research is intended to describe and illustrate existing phenomena, both natural and human engineering, which pay more attention to the characteristics, quality, interrelationships between activities, manipulation or changes in the variables studied, but rather describe a condition as it is. The only treatment given is the research itself, which is carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The purpose of descriptive research is to make systematic, actual and accurate recording of the facts and characteristics of a particular population or area. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. While the data collection technique is carried out through observation, interviews and documentation studies and for the selection of informants the author uses the Purposive sampling technique, namely samples taken intentionally. The location of this study is in Siantat Martoba District, especially in Naga Pita Village. This study aims to describe and analyze the Strategy in preventing Drugs in Naga Pita Village. The theory used in this study is the Prevention Strategy theory according to Wuccanti 2005,61. The results of this study are that the people of Naga Pita Village have not fully followed all the existing stages, they only participate in the implementation stage, and seen from the form of participation that is only in the form of thoughts and involvement not in the form of money. And for the influencing factors, it can be seen from the age and income factors.

This study aims to determine the effect of using concept maps on the speaking ability of grade IX students of SMP Negeri 1 Jeruklegi in 2025. The background of this study is the ability to convey understanding orally, especially the gap between formal and non-formal speaking. Therefore, a way is needed to overcome this, one of which is by using concept maps. Using concept maps, students can see the relationship between concepts visually so that students can easily understand and remember information more precisely. This can improve students' ability to explain material systematically and logically. The method used is an experiment with two groups, namely the experimental group that was given treatment using concept maps and the control group that did not receive learning with concept maps. The instrument used was an oral speaking test before and after treatment. The results of the data analysis showed a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group, which indicates that the use of concept maps has a positive effect on students' speaking skills. These findings recommend the use of concept maps as an alternative to varied and enjoyable speaking learning.

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of fish brain-brain products using milkfish surimi (Chanos chanos.Forskal) as the base ingredient, with variations in fillers such as tapioca flour, egg white, and Eucheuma cottonii seaweed.  Three formulations were used: (F1) surimi + tapioca starch, (F2) surimi + egg white, and (F3) surimi + Euchema cottonii seaweed. Proximate analyses were conducted to determine the moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate content. The results showed that the addition of various fillers had a significant effect (P>0.05) on the value of protein, carbohydrate and water in the brain. While for fat and ash content, there was no significant effect (P<0.05). The average water content ranged from 66.5% to 72%, with the lowest content in the brain-brain added with tapioca flour. The highest protein content was obtained in the P2 treatment (egg white), which was 18.9%, while the treatment with the addition of tapioca flour showed the lowest protein content of 12.8%. Sensory value using Kruskal waliss treatment that gets a high average value is the aroma, taste, and texture of the addition of egg white fillers, while the texture is with the addition of Euschema cottonii seaweed fillers. Egg white significantly increased the protein content. The best formulation based on nutritional content and panellists' liking value was F2 (Surimi + Egg white). This study shows the potential for the development of milkfish-based processed products that are highly nutritious and functional..

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of fifth grade elementary school students in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects through the application of the Role Playing method.  The Role Playing method was chosen because it is considered effective in improving students' conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills, as well as motivating students to actively participate in the learning process. This research uses an experimental method with a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of two fifth classes in an elementary school, namely an experimental class taught using the Role Playing method and a control class taught using conventional methods. Data was collected through student learning outcomes tests before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using the t-test to compare the differences in average learning outcomes between the experimental class and the control class. The research results showed that there was a significant difference between the learning outcomes of experimental class and control class students after the Role Playing method was applied.  The average learning outcomes of experimental class students increased significantly compared to the control class.  In conclusion, the Role Playing method is effective in improving the learning outcomes of fifth grade elementary school students in science and science subjects.  This research recommends that teachers can apply the Role Playing method in science learning to increase students' understanding and interest in learning.

Mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) is an important agricultural commodity in Indonesia, widely cultivated due to its short harvest period, drought tolerance, and high nutritional value. However, the increasing demand for mung beans has not been matched by optimal production, necessitating innovations in cultivation techniques, particularly in water management. This study aims to examine the effect of different volumes of water media on the growth of mung beans. The research employed an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), involving nine mung bean seeds divided into three treatments with water volumes of 10 cc, 15 cc, and 20 cc, each replicated three times. Observations were conducted over seven days, focusing primarily on plant height. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments. The 15 cc water volume resulted in the best growth, indicated by the highest average plant height at the end of the observation period, while 10 cc and 20 cc volumes produced less optimal growth. Insufficient water caused drought stress, whereas excessive water led to overly saturated media that impaired root respiration. This study underscores the importance of proper water volume regulation in mung bean cultivation to support optimal growth and prevent yield losses.

The pharmaceutical industry produces solid, liquid, and gaseous waste containing active pharmaceutical ingredients that pose serious environmental risks. These wastes can disrupt ecosystems and accelerate antimicrobial resistance. This systematic literature review examines pharmaceutical waste concepts, classifications, characteristics, and relevant regulatory frameworks. It also addresses ecotoxicological effects on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, antibiotic contamination and resistance, water and soil pollution, treatment technologies, industrial policies, and best practices. Findings show that conventional wastewater treatment is largely ineffective at removing pharmaceutical residues, resulting in their presence in surface water, soil, and even drinking water. Compounds such as β-blockers, cytostatics, antibiotics, and hormones harm aquatic life by impairing reproduction and causing mutations. Antibiotic-laden industrial waste contributes to the emergence of resistant bacteria. Recommended treatment methods include biothermal processes, advanced oxidation (e.g., UV/H₂O₂, ozonation), adsorption (activated carbon), coagulation-flocculation, and controlled incineration. Stronger enforcement of hazardous waste regulations (e.g., Government Regulation No. 101/2014, Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 56/2015) and adherence to WHO (2025) guidelines are essential. In conclusion, multisectoral collaboration (One Health), improved waste treatment capacity, and adoption of best practices are crucial to preventing pharmaceutical pollution and promoting environmental sustainability.

This study aims to identify forms of violations of the right to health services in the implementation of BPJS Kesehatan, analyze the factors that cause them, and formulate preventive and limiting solutions. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with six informants who were active BPJS Health participants in Tanjung Sari, East Jambi. The results showed that there was service discrimination in the form of different treatment between BPJS patients and general patients, patient rejection, administrative obstacles in emergency situations, and unavailability of drugs and medical facilities. Contributing factors include unequal distribution of health facilities, limited human resources, and a weak monitoring system. The experiences of BPJS participants confirm the gap between the program's objectives and the reality on the ground, reflecting a denial of the state's obligation to guarantee citizens' health rights. Comprehensive efforts are needed, including public education, administrative simplification, equitable distribution of health facilities, enforcement of strict sanctions, and active community involvement to realize quality and equitable health services.

This paper discusses the issue of gender equality from the perspective of Islamic family law and positive law in Indonesia. This study begins with a historical exploration of the treatment of women in the pre-Islamic era which was full of discrimination and oppression, until the arrival of Islam which brought about a major transformation towards respecting and recognizing women's rights. Furthermore, this paper reviews the comparison between the values ​​of gender equality in ideal Islamic family law with practices that are still influenced by patriarchal culture, as well as Indonesia's positive legal response to gender issues, such as through the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), the Marriage Law, and the ratification of international conventions such as CEDAW. This study also highlights the role and existence of women in the family as children, wives, and mothers, as well as the challenges faced by women in fighting for rights and equality in the domestic and public spheres. This paper emphasizes that achieving fair and balanced gender equality requires a reinterpretation of the law based on values ​​of justice and a structural commitment to empowering women in all aspects of life.

This study aims to examine the aspect of justice in the administration and settlement of bankrupt assets by the Curator, particularly concerning the repayment of receivables to creditors in the context of auction minutes issued by the KPKNL Samarinda. The research adopts a normative juridical method, legislation approach and conceptual approach, and is connected to a case study approach focusing on the auction process in the bankruptcy case of PT Karebet Mas Indonesia (in bankruptcy). The results of this study indicate that the Curator, in administering and settling unsold bankrupt assets, may proceed with a private sale (underhand sale) with the approval of the supervising judge, based on a limit value obtained from an independent appraiser’s valuation, provided that at least two public auctions have been conducted without success. The distribution of assets to creditors must observe the principle of pari passu pro rata, which ensures equal treatment according to their respective priorities.In the event that the settlement process of the bankrupt estate has been declared completed, yet the creditors have not received full repayment of their claims, the general provisions under Article 1131 of the Indonesian Civil Code shall apply, namely that all of the debtor’s assets constitute collateral for the fulfillment of their debts. This study recommends an amendment to Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations, to regulate in a detailed, specific, and comprehensive manner the requirements for the underhand sale of bankrupt assets by the Curator. Such regulation is necessary to ensure justice and legal certainty for bankrupt debtors and creditors, particularly regarding the repayment of claims for concurrent creditors.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Structural Analytic Synthetic (SAS) method on second-grade elementary students' ability to write in cursive. Writing, especially cursive writing, is an essential part of learning the Indonesian language at the elementary level. However, many students still struggle with this skill. The SAS method is believed to help students understand word structures step by step—from full sentences, words, syllables, to letters—thus making the writing process easier. This research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design and a nonequivalent control group model. The sample consisted of two classes: the experimental class received treatment using the SAS method, while the control class used conventional methods. The instrument used was a cursive writing test (pretest and posttest), and data were analyzed using a t-test with the assistance of SPSS. The results show a significant difference between the posttest scores of the experimental and control groups, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. This indicates that the use of the SAS method effectively improves the cursive writing skills of second-grade elementary students.

The purpose of this study was to measure the effectiveness of group counseling services using the Individual-Oriented approach in supporting students to adapt at the Walyatalaththof Darussalam Kebumen Islamic Boarding School. The type of research applied in this study was a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design research method through pretest and posttest in one group. This study was a pre-experimental design with a pretest-posttest design in one group to determine the results of the treatment more precisely because it can be compared with the conditions before the treatment was given. The subjects of the study were class VII students of PP Walyatalaththof Darussalam Kebumen, namely 6 students who had low self-adjustment criteria. The study was conducted in 8 sessions, each for 40 minutes. The researcher collected data by utilizing a self-adjustment scale. Based on the results of the research analysis, it was obtained that, (1) Before participating in group counseling with a person-centered approach, the Subjects got an average score of 60.66, which was included in the "low" category. After undergoing a group counseling session with a person-centered approach, the subjects experienced an increase in value from the low category to the high category, with an average value reaching 96. The results of the analysis showed a significance value of 0.000. By considering this value which is below 0.05, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) must be rejected. This shows that group counseling services with a person-centered approach are effective in improving the adjustment abilities of students at the Walyatalaththof Darussalam Kebumen Islamic Boarding School.

Medical records are important documents that capture the entire medical history of patients, including identification, diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. With advancements in information technology, electronic medical records (EMR) have emerged as a solution to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of patient data management. However, despite the many benefits of EMR, its implementation at AL dr. Mintohardjo Hospital remains hybrid, combining manual and electronic methods. This indicates challenges in transitioning to a fully digital system. This study aims to identify and analyze issues related to the security of EMR at AL dr. Mintohardjo Hospital. Several issues identified include a lack of training for medical record staff regarding cybersecurity practices and data input errors. The research employs a qualitative approach, with data obtained from observations and interviews with hospital stakeholders. The informants in this study include IT staff, medical staff, and administrative staff. The findings regarding the security of electronic medical records (EMR) at AL dr. Mintohardjo Hospital indicate that, although there are established Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for EMR security, their implementation is still not fully compliant. In terms of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data, the study found that AL dr. Mintohardjo Hospital has implemented several security measures, such as user authentication and access management. However, weaknesses remain, such as a lack of user awareness regarding regular password changes and excessive access by administrative staff. Additionally, frequent data input errors can lead to serious consequences for patients, and threats to data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although the hospital has implemented measures such as firewalls and audit trail systems to protect data, challenges such as unstable internet connections and reliance on a single resource remain concerns. Overall, while the existing security measures are fairly adequate, this study emphasizes the need for improved staff training and strengthened procedures to minimize risks to the security of electronic medical record data.

This study aims to determine how nano chitosan is produced through the ionic gelation method. The process of making nano chitosan is carried out using variations in chitosan concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10%, and using a magnetic stirrer. Morphological tests were carried out using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe the shape and size of the particles formed. The addition of TPP (Trisodium Tripolyphosphate) as a crosslinker and certain surfactants are used to increase particle stability. Treatment for ±2 hours showed optimal results in terms of a more homogeneous particle size distribution. Based on the results of SEM observations, it is known that increasing the concentration and time settings and the use of appropriate surfactants can reduce wrinkles in nano chitosan particles. The particle size obtained is in the range of 278–350 nm. Thus, the ionic gelation method has proven effective in producing uniform nano chitosan and has good morphology for further applications.

This study aims to analyze the effect of French nail art design results without and with the overlay technique in terms of beauty, texture, and durability. Nail art has rapidly developed alongside modern beauty trends, especially among women. The French manicure, known for its classic and elegant look, has evolved with the addition of overlay techniques to improve the final outcome. The overlay technique adds a protective layer intended to strengthen, enhance, and increase the longevity of nail art. This research used a quantitative experimental method with a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of six students from the Cosmetology and Beauty Education program at Universitas Negeri Padang, divided into two treatment groups: three participants received French nail art without overlay (X1), and the other three with overlay (X2). Assessment was conducted by seven panelists, including academic and industry experts. The findings showed that the use of the overlay technique resulted in higher scores across all evaluated indicators. The average scores for beauty, texture, and durability using the overlay technique were 3.57, 3.43, and 3.57 respectively, while without overlay they were 2.57, 2.43, and 2.71. T-test analysis revealed significant differences between the two treatments. Therefore, the overlay technique is concluded to be more effective in enhancing the quality of French nail art. These findings provide valuable insights for beauty professionals in selecting the most appropriate and efficient technique for clients’ needs.

According to a UNESCO report, more than 80% of industrial wastewater containing hazardous substances is discharged without treatment. This research aims to understand the implementation of Permen LHK Number 6 of 2021 in the management of hazardous waste at PT Bina Guna Kimia and the role of the Semarang Regency Environmental Agency (DLH). The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with empirical juridical methods. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature studies, and validated by source triangulation and analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that PT Bina Guna Kimia has implemented Permen LHK No. 6 of 2021 well, although there are still challenges such as the lack of understanding of employees about waste classification. The B3 waste management system in this company is quite effective with strict procedures in identification, storage, transportation, recording through logbooks, and real-time monitoring through the SIMPEL application. The company also regularly conducts training and works with certified vendors. DLH Semarang Regency plays an active role through supervision, socialization, compliance audits, coaching, and education to businesses to increase environmental awareness and compliance. This study suggests that DLH and PT Bina Guna Kimia improve education and training programs, and encourage industry players to seek alternative funding for the implementation of environmentally friendly technology. In addition, collaboration between stakeholders needs to be improved to create effective and sustainable hazardous waste management.

The elderly group (elderly), aged 60-69 years, is part of the community that is vulnerable to various health problems, both physically, mentally, and socially. Untreated health problems can reduce the quality of life and become a burden for individuals and society. In Borisallo Village, Parangloe District, Gowa Regency, there are around 320 elderly residents. Through the Community Service (PKM) program of the Fostered Village in collaboration with the Borisallo Village Government and funded by the UMI Endowment Foundation, a series of activities were carried out to improve the quality of personal health of the elderly. The activity was carried out in November 2024 at the Borisallo Village Hall and included two main forms, namely: (1) elderly health checks covering blood glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, blood pressure, body temperature, and weight; and (2) counseling on the importance of maintaining overall health quality. Although only 15 participants registered for the counseling, the number of participants who attended exceeded expectations, indicating high enthusiasm from the community. The results of the examination showed that some elderly people required medical follow-up for further treatment. The program also emphasizes the importance of regular and continuous monitoring of the health of the elderly so that their condition can be monitored objectively and early intervention can be carried out. The activity took place in an atmosphere full of empathy, care, and a spirit of service that respects and loves the elderly. 

Clay soil stabilization is a crucial process to enhance the soil's bearing capacity and stability, making it more suitable for construction purposes. Stabilizing clay soils improves their mechanical properties, reduces swelling, and increases their load-bearing capacity, which is essential for the foundation of various structures. This study aims to investigate the effect of lime (CaO) addition and curing time on the physical properties of clay soil, particularly focusing on unconfined compressive strength (qu) and overall soil stability. The experimental methodology involved applying different percentages of lime content (ranging from 3% to 7%) and varying curing times (7, 14, and 28 days). The soil samples were tested for their unconfined compressive strength after each combination of lime content and curing duration. The results indicated that the addition of 5% lime (CaO) and curing for 14 days led to a significant improvement in the unconfined compressive strength by 153.3%, compared to the untreated clay soil. Furthermore, increasing the curing time beyond 14 days did not show substantial improvements in strength, suggesting that 14 days is the optimal curing period for this combination. The study also highlighted that the lime treatment not only enhanced the mechanical properties but also reduced the plasticity of the clay, making it more stable and easier to handle during construction. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the appropriate combination of lime content and curing time plays a significant role in improving the stability of clay soils. This research provides valuable insights into optimizing soil stabilization techniques, offering an effective solution for enhancing soil properties for engineering applications

This meta-review study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of mental health policies targeting refugees from the Middle East based on a systematic analysis of 87 policies issued across 12 refugee-hosting countries during the period from 2015 to 2023. Employing the PRISMA approach and thematic analysis, this research found that only 34.5% of all reviewed policies met the World Health Organization's minimum standards regarding mental health services for refugees. In comparison, the effective implementation rate of those policies meeting the standards reached only 28.7% (CI 95%, p<0.001). Findings from the logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the scale of mental health budget allocations and recovery rates from PTSD among refugee populations, where every 10% increase in budget allocation corresponded to a 15.3% reduction in PTSD prevalence (r=0.78, p<0.001). Furthermore, the meta-analysis results from this study demonstrated that community-based policies were 2.4 times more effective (OR=2.4, CI 95%: 1.8–3.1) than those employing institutional approaches. Hence, diverging from the conclusions posited by Turrini et al. (2019) and Sijbrandij (2017), which emphasized clinical interventions, this study has instead affirmed that integrating cultural-spiritual approaches with conventional therapy can enhance treatment success by 47.2%. Additionally, these findings expand the conceptual framework previously proposed by Watters (2001) on holistic approaches by identifying five key elements that form the foundation of effective mental health policies: universal access, cultural sensitivity, community empowerment, service integration, and program sustainability.

Perineal wounds are a common condition experienced by postpartum mothers following vaginal delivery and may lead to complications if not properly managed. Optimal wound care is essential to accelerate healing and prevent infection. One potential complementary therapy is boiled binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia), which are known to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and tissue regeneration properties. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of binahong leaf decoction on perineal wound healing in postpartum mothers. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach involving 52 postpartum mothers in the Sagulung District, Batam City, from October to December 2024. Samples were selected using purposive sampling. The REEDA scale was used to assess wound healing, and data were analyzed using a paired t-test. The results showed that the mean perineal wound score decreased from 9.2 ± 2.1 before the intervention to 3.8 ± 1.5 after the intervention. Statistical analysis revealed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference before and after the intervention. In conclusion, boiled binahong leaf decoction is effective in accelerating perineal wound healing in postpartum mothers. This therapy has the potential to be an accessible, cost-effective, and practical complementary treatment in midwifery practice.