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Based on population projection data, it is estimated that in 2017 there will be 23.66 million elderly people in Indonesia (9.03%). The number of elderly people is predicted in 2020 (27.08 million), 2025 (33.69 million), 2030 (40.95 million) and 2035 (48.19 million) (Ministry of Health RI, 2017). The prevalence of dementia (per 1000 people) in Indonesia in 2005 was 191.4 incidents, in 2020 it is estimated to be 314.1 incidents, and will increase in 2050 to around 932 incidents. The data obtained in the work area of ​​the Telaga District Public Health Center were 134 elderly, of which 38 had dementia. From the results of interviews obtained from health workers at the puskesmas and families, they said that often the elderly forgot many activities such as bathing, taking medicine and others, so the family had to remind them to take a bath, take medicine and so on. Further interviews conducted by researchers on the elderly, some said that they rarely consume vitamins, especially vitamin D, are lazy to exercise, do light activities or sunbathe every morning which can increase the risk of developing dementia.

Background: Final-year students are entrusted with the responsibility of completing their final assignments as a prerequisite for graduation and degree attainment. The prevalence of mental health problems among these students is higher, with more pronounced stress symptoms compared to new students. Central Java is ranked third, reporting 95,461 cases of emotional and mental disorders among individuals aged 15 and above. Expressive writing, which revolves around emotions, assists each student in channeling and expressing their anger through written words. Objective: Depicting students' stress levels through the implementation of expressive writing to reduce stress among those finalizing their Independent Study (KTI) at Universitas 'Aisyiyah Surakarta. Method: A case study approach is employed. A pretest utilizing the DASS-42 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) questionnaire determines respondents' stress levels. Following implementation, a posttest is conducted using the same scale. Results: Findings indicate moderate stress levels pre-implementation, which decrease to mild stress post-implementation. Conclusion: The application of expressive writing significantly influences the reduction of stress levels experienced by final-year students at Universitas 'Aisyiyah Surakarta.

Background: Prevalence of patients with mild cedar heads recorded from March to July 2023 in the Emergency Room of RSUD Dr. Moewardi as many as 757 cases, and most of them complained of pain in the head, pain in CKR patients by nurses can be treated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy. Non-pharmacological therapy such as behavioral therapy (relaxation, hypnotherapy, biofeedback). One of the relaxation techniques used is slow deep breathing. Objective: Changes in the application of the Slow Deep Breathing technique to reducing pain scale in mild head injury patients at RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Method : the method used in this application is a descriptive method. In this application, pain scale measurements were carried out using the Numeric Rating Scale both before and after slow deep breathing was carried out. Findings : the results of the implementation that has been done, it was found that respondent I experienced a decrease in the pain scale from a scale of 8 to a scale of 7, respondent II experienced a decrease in the pain scale from a scale of 6 to a scale of 4. Implication : slow deep breathing can reduce the pain scale in patients with mild head injuries at Dr. Moewardi.

Based on data from the World Health Organization, the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women worldwide has decreased by 4.5%. In Sumedang Regency in 2022 the number of pregnant women is 17,877 and there are 491 pregnant women who experience anemia, including the UPTD area of the Cibugel Inpatient Health Center. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the knowledge of first trimester pregnant women and the incidence of anemia in the UPTD area of the Cibugel Inpatient Health Center, Sumedang Regency, in 2023. This research was a quantitative study with a cross sectional survey approach. The population of this study were all pregnant women in the working area of the UPTD Puskesmas Cibugel, totaling 167 people. The sampling technique used accidential sampling to produce 39 research samples. The results showed that most of the respondents had sufficient knowledge of 24 people. Most of the respondents did not experience the incidence of anemia in pregnancy as many as 26 people and there was a relationship between knowledge and the incidence of anemia in pregnancy with a value of p = 0.001 <? = 0.05 so it can be concluded that most of the respondents had sufficient knowledge and did not experience anemia in pregnancy and there was a relationship between respondents' knowledge of the incidence of anemia in pregnancy in the UPTD area of the Cibugel Inpatient Health Center, Sumedang Regency in 2023. It is recommended that pregnant women take an active role in fulfilling information from various media, especially about anemia..    

Parkinson's disease is a disorder of brain function caused by the process of degeneration of the basal ganglia in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) cells and is characterized by characteristics such as tremor at rest, rigidity of muscles and joints (rigidity), slowness of movement and speech (bradykinesia) and instability upright position (postural instability). Parkinson's Disease occurs in the range between the ages of 55 to 65 years and occurs in 1% -2% of people over the age of 60 years, increasing to 3.5% at the age of 85-89 years. Approximately 0.3% of the general population, the prevalence is higher in males than females with a ratio of 1.5:1.0. Manifestations that can be found in patients with Parkinson's Disease can be assessed through the Hoehn and Yahr Scale (HY). Current treatment for Parkinson's disease aims to reduce motor symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.

Haemorrhagic stroke, or also known as spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (PIS), is one of the pathological types of stroke caused by intracerebral blood vessels. This condition causes neurological symptoms that occur suddenly and often followed by symptoms due to the spatial effects or increased intracranial pressure (TIK). Generally speaking, the number of strokes is increasing, according to (RISKESDAS) the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia there is an increase in stroke prevalence from 8.3 (2007) to 12.2 (2013) per 1000 people. In PIS, primary injury occurs: neuron and glia damage mechanically followed by deformation, neurotransmitter release, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell membrane depolarization. Secondary injuries due to haemoglobin breakdown and coagulation factors especially thrombin. The product will activate microglia so it produces toxic substances such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), complement factor, tumour necrotizing factor α (TNF α), and interleukin 1β causing network injury. In addition to injury, there's also a replacement of dead cells through the neurogenesis process, which is the growth of neuronal stem cells in the subventricular and hippocampus areas. The number of hemorrhagic strokes in Asia is higher than in the West. This could be due to the high incidence of hypertension in the Asian population.

Background: The prevalence of extreme pain in medical and surgical patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is more than 80.0%. One of the nonpharmacological therapies that can be used to control pain is the distraction technique with music therapy, where this application uses gamelan music therapy. Objective: To determine the results of the implementation of gamelan music therapy to reduce postoperative pain intensity in the Intensive Care Unit of Pandan Arang Hospital Boyolali. Method: The design used in this application is using a descriptive case study approach. Application is carried out for 30 minutes 2x a day in 4 consecutive days. Findings: Comparison of the final results of application showed that on the 4th day after the implementation of the VDS scale the two respondents were the same, namely on the pain scale 3. The results of the CPOT scale on the 4th day of Mrs. W after implementation are a scale of 4. The results of the CPOT scale on the 4th day of Mrs. S after implementation are a scale of 3. Implication: From the final results of the application before and after it can be concluded that gamelan music therapy can reduce the intensity of pain in postoperative patients in the ICU of Pandan Arang Hospital Boyolali.  

Background: The prevalence of fractures in Indonesia is quite high, namely the incidence of fractures in the lower extremities is 46.2%. The habit of patients with extremity fractures does not mobilize, causing a negative impact on muscle and joint strength, namely physical mobilization barriers and followed by muscle atrophy. One of the efforts to improve muscle and joint strength is to do Range Of Motion independently. Objective: To determine the application of active Range Of Motion to muscle and joint strength in post op patients with extremity fractures in the operating room of RSUD Pandan Arang Boyolali. Method: This application is descriptive in the form of a case study conducted on 2 respondents using the standard operating procedure Range of Motion and the MMT (Manual Muscle Testing) observation sheet. Findings:  Before and after the application of active Range Of Motion, recovery of muscle and joint strength was obtained in the two respondents, Mrs. R from the value of bad muscle and joint strength to good and Mrs. S of the value of muscle and joint strength is slightly worse. Implication There are differences in development before and after active Range Of Motion in fracture post op patients

ARI is an acute respiratory infection that affects one or more parts of the respiratory system. The high prevalence and risk factors in the prescription of ARI patients need to be considered in the completeness of the prescription and the provision of appropriate drugs to increase the effectiveness of treatment therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of prescribing ARI patients aged 0-12 years administratively, pharmaceutically, and clinically based on PMK No. 72 of 2016. This type of research is descriptive observational and retrospective data collection. The sample used was the prescription of ARI patients at Bendan Hospital who met the inclusion criteria for the period April-May 2023, totaling 25 prescription sheets. The sampling technique used total sampling technique. The results showed that in administrative aspects including patient name, gender, age, address, doctor's name, SIP, telephone number, doctor's address, doctor's signature, prescription date was fulfilled 100% and body weight was fulfilled 92%. The pharmaceutical aspects include the name of the drug, dosage form, dosage strength, drug dosage, amount of drug, rules of use and how to use are fulfilled 100%. Clinical aspects include 100% indication accuracy, 100% dose accuracy and 52% drug interactions. It can be concluded that the suitability of prescribing ARI patients for children aged 0-12 years is administratively 100%, pharmaceutically 92%, and clinically 48%.                                       

Background: Skizofrenia is a mental disorder where the prevalence is actually small, affecting about 1% of the world's population. In Central Java alone, there are 8.7% of the population who have schizophrenia, this is one of the fifth highest number of professions. Planting occupational therapy aims to minimize the patient's interaction with his unreal world, bring out thoughts, feelings, or emotions that have influenced unconscious behavior, provide joy, entertainment, and distract the patient from the hallucinations he is experiencing so that the patient's mind is not focused on his special hallucinations. in patients with auditory hallucinations (Yuniar N.S et al., 2019). Objective: To find out the results of the implementation of the application of occupancy therapy to control the level of hallucinations. Method: The method used in this application is descriptive with a case study research design totaling 2 respondents, the research instrument is the AHRS questionnaire observation sheet. Findings Before being given occupational therapy, Mrs. G was planted in the category of moderate hallucinations and Mrs. M was in the category of severe hallucinations. After being given occupational therapy, planting for 6 times, Mrs. G was in the category of mild hallucinations and Mrs. M was in the category of moderate hallucinations. Implication:  Planting Occupational Therapy has an effect on controlling the level of hallucinations in patients with auditory hallucinations.

Stunting is a lack of nutritional intake with a long duration, starting from pregnancy to 24 months. The prevalence of stunted children recorded at the Tanjungpinang City Health, Population Control, and Family Planning Office increased by 1.3% in 2020 to 3.49% in 2021 and 3.91% in 2022. Based on these data, it can be seen that there has been an increase in stunting cases in Tanjungpinang City. The problem that will be the focus of discussion in this study is how to implement stunting prevention programs in the Tanjungpinang City Health, Population Control and Family Planning Office. This study aims to analyze the implementation of stunting prevention programs in the Tanjungpinang City Health, Population Control and Family Planning Office.The research approach used in this study is explained using a qualitative approach. The theory used by researchers in implementation uses Soren C. Winter's theory which includes indicators: the behavior of relationships between organizations, the behavior of lower-level implementors (apparatus / bureaucrats) and the behavior of target groups. The implementation of the stunting alleviation program at the Tanjungpinang City Health, Population Control and Family Planning Office has been going well, but it is still not optimal. This is because there are still people who do not know about stunting, socialization carried out by puskesmas officers and posyandu cadres has not been thoroughly carried out. However, the response from the community itself is very good or positive, this is because puskesmas officers continue to provide assistance and check regularly. The commitment made by the health Office in collaboration with the Ministry of Religious Affairs made an MOU so that these brides-to-be get IEC (Educational Information Communication) and with the formation of the Stunting Reduction Acceleration Team at the Tanjungpinang City level, this is nothing but an effort to reduce stunting rates in Tanjungpinang City.

Hypertension is the main cause of death from cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks, strokes and heart failure. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing rapidly in many countries, placing a large health burden on the health care system and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disorders in this population. The process of implementing community service to the community is carried out in several stages. Activities include checking blood pressure, health education and health consultations. Participants who took part in community service activities were mostly women (76%) with an age range between 45-60 years (68%), the highest education level was junior high school (42%), and people with hypertension level 1 (74%). Community knowledge about hypertension complementary therapy has increased significantly after being given counseling. Hypertension sufferers are advised to consume ginger and mint decoction and check themselves regularly at the nearest health facility.

There has been a shift in the age group of stunting children between 2018-2019 in Indonesia. The decline in the prevalence of stunting occurred in the younger age group, namely 0-5 months, 6-11 months and 12-23 months. This study aims to analyze the determinants of stunting in children aged 0-2 years in Indonesia based on cross-sectional survey evidence. This research is a retrospective study to get an overview of the incidence of stunting in children 0-23 months in Indonesia in 2013 as a basis for seeing the achievement of reducing stunting. The research analyzed secondary data from the 2013 Basic Health Research which measured 27,779 heights of children 0-2 years in 33 provinces in Indonesia. The results showed that a history of giving iron tablets to pregnant women was the factor most related to the incidence of stunting in children 0-2 years in Indonesia. The program to accelerate the reduction of stunting in Indonesia in 2024 to 14% needs to consider increasing the coverage of iron supplement administration to pregnant women and women of childbearing age..

Diabetes mellitus is a frequently encountered degenerative disease. Indonesia, being one of the most populous countries, experiences a notable increase in the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus constitutes the most prevalent form, with approximately 90-95% of diabetics falling into this category. Notably, patient compliance in Indonesia falls short of meeting the recommended glycemia target. The root cause of this non-compliance is linked to a lack of understanding among individuals with diabetes mellitus regarding the purpose of therapy, leading to a lack of awareness about potential complications. This research aims to explore the connection between patient characteristics and adherence to medication in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at the Tiban Baru Health Center in Batam City. Employing a descriptive correlation approach with a prospective cross-sectional research design, the study utilized purposive sampling, including 92 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Data collection involved the administration of a compliance questionnaire (MMAS). The study's conclusion reveals a significant association between job characteristics and medication adherence in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, evidenced by a p-value of 0.046. Conversely, factors such as gender, age, education, duration of suffering, and comorbidities were not found to be correlated with medication adherence (p-value > 0.05). It is anticipated that healthcare professionals at the Tiban Baru Health Center will impart accurate information to patients, enhancing their awareness of the potential complications associated with diabetes mellitus.

Anemia in pregnancy is characterized by a condition in which the body has few red blood cells or the cells cannot carry oxygen throughout the body. it is estimated that the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia in 2019 is 48.9%. Bananas are the best food because they contain vitamins needed by pregnant women. Bananas are sufficient to meet the substance intake of anemic patients. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between Ambon Banana Administration and Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant Women with Mild Anemia in the First Trimester. This research was carried out using quantitative analytic research with a cross sectional approach by collecting secondary data from medical records. from April 2021 to June 2022 . This research was conducted at TPMB Susi in Dolok Merawan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency in February 2023. The sampling technique used total sampling with a total sample of 42 pregnant women in the first trimester with mild anemia who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analysis using the Chi Square statistical test shows that the p value is 0.000 (<0.05). So that the hypothesis can be accepted, then there is a "Relationship between Giving Ambon Bananas and Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant Women with Mild Anemia in the First Trimester. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between giving Ambon bananas and hemoglobin levels of pregnant women after being given Ambon bananas. Giving ambon bananas can be suggested as an alternative complement of vitamins to increase hemoglobin levels.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is called the silent killer, because this disease causes various kinds of complaints and can attack all organs of the body. In Southeast Asia, people with Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia are ranked 3rd with a prevalence of 11.3%. There are four pillars of diabetes mellitus control including physical activity, diet, pharmacological interventions, and education. Of the four pillars, physical activity is the most effective therapy to prevent blood sugar levels from remaining normal. Physical activities recommended for people with Diabetes Mellitus include walking, cycling, gymnastics and jogging. Purpose:  The purpose of this literature review is to determine the effect of non-pharmacological diabetes mellitus therapy on blood sugar levels.Methode: In the search for data sources the article is carried out through the databases Google Scholar, Publish or Perish and Mendeley. Inclusion of study design using Literature Review. Results: The results of the literature review analysis there are 12 journals that ha stated or the alternative hypothesis is accepted. Conclusion:  So it can be concluded that there is an influence of non-pharmacological therapy (diet and physical activity) diabetes mellitus on blood sugar levels. The effect of physical activity therapy on a decrease in blood sugar levels by 66.6%. And the effect of dietary therapy on reducing blood sugar levels by 33.3%. 

Stunting is a form of growth failure (growth faltering) due to accumulation of insufficient nutrition that lasts for a long time from pregnancy to 24 months of age. The problem of stunting is a serious problem in Indonesia because the prevalence of stunting in children under five in Indonesia is still relatively high. Considering that the stunting rate in Indonesia is still quite high, prevention and treatment cannot be borne by the Ministry of Health or related institutions. Therefore, in order to increase the achievement of reducing stunting rates, the hard work of all parties is required in preventing and dealing with stunting problems in Indonesia. The writing of the results of this study is intended to provide an overview of the achievements of stunting prevention and treatment in Sarirejo Village, Bogorejo District, Blora Regency.

Stunting is a condition of growth failure in infants that occurs during a critical period of the process of growth and development in the womb and during the initial period after the baby is born. It is not only affected the physical growth of the baby but also the brain. The purpose of this research was to determine the factors associated with the stunting prevalence among the children under five years old of age in Jetis 1 Primary Health Care Center, Bantul. The research method is quantitative, case control research design with retrospective approach. The data analysis methods were chi-square and logistic regression. The results of this research were some factors could be associated with stunting prevalence. The factors were the history of exclusive breastfeeding (p: 0.037 or: 0.253) and the nutritional status of the mother during pregnancy (p: 0.001 or: 5.634). Meanwhile, gender (p: 0.153), history of birth weight (p: 0.677) and mother's education (p: 0.127) were found to have no relationship with stunting prevalence. It is expected that the mothers of children under five years old can prepare for pregnancy in the future by calculating nutritional intake before and during pregnancy and provide exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months.

Cholesterol is a form of fat that has an important role for the body, but if the body has high cholesterol levels it will cause health problems in the form of fatty deposits which will be at risk of blockage of blood vessels. Based on the results of Basic Health Research, it shows that the prevalence in Indonesia with total cholesterol levels > 200 mg/dL is 39.8%, the high prevalence rate is one of the reasons for the increased mortality rate in Indonesia (RI Ministry of Health, 2018). Controlling cholesterol levels can be done by controlling diet such as intake of calcium, fruit, vegetables and fish. The research was conducted in Cengkareng Timur Village, from 19 October 2022 to 2 November 2022. The type of research is quantitative which is analytic using a cross sectional research design, the research sample is 84 respondents. Data analysis used the Spearman correlation test. Based on the research results, it was found that there was a relationship between calcium intake and cholesterol levels (p=0.000) with a value of r = -0.924, there was a relationship between vegetable and fruit consumption and cholesterol levels (p=0.002) with a value of r = -0.496, and there was a relationship between consumption fish with cholesterol levels (p=0.001) with a value of r = -0.351. Workers handling public facilities infrastructure in Cengkareng Timur Village are expected to be able to consume fruits and vegetables because workers' consumption of fruits and vegetables is less than 400 g/day accompanied by a healthy lifestyle.

Hypertension is one of the cardiovascular disease, defined by World Health Organization as blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg. The high prevalence of hypertension has always been a problem globally. This disease could cause many complications, including cerebrovascular disease, and often associated with cognitive impairment. This study is done to find out the relation between uncontrolled blood pressure and cognitive impairment in geriatric people. This study is an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. Samples are geriatric people with minimum of 60 years of age in Sasana Tresna Werda RIA Pembangunan in January 2019. Sample was taken with total sampling method. The hypertension criteria in study is previous history of hypertension or blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg. MMSE score interpretations are: (1) score of 25-30: normal cognitive function; (2) score of <21: indication of mild to severe cognitive impairment. Statistical analysis used in the study are Pearson Chi Square with Yates Correction, with alternative of Fischer Exact, with parameter of expected count of 5%. Significant relation expected in the study is 5%. The study found that there are no significant relation between history of hypertension with cognitive impairment in geriatric people in Sasana Tresna Werda RIA Pembangunan (p-value=0.098), but it is predicted that the group of geriatric people with history of hypertension has 27.7% more risk of getting cognitive impairment. However, the elderly group who have a history of hypertension has a proportion of 27.7% experiencing cognitive impairment.