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Umar bin Khattab's Islamic economic policy in facing the crisis based on historical review and its relevance in the modern era. As the second Caliph, Umar bin Khattab implemented economic policies based on sharia principles, such as the establishment of Baitul Mal, management of zakat, kharaj, jizyah, and ushr, and the establishment of hisbah institutions to supervise the market. This policy succeeded in creating economic stability through fair distribution of wealth and a subsidy system for the poor. In addition, Umar carried out administrative reforms by establishing a transparent fiscal system and procuring currency to support the country's economy. In the modern context, Umar's economic principles are relevant to addressing global challenges such as social inequality, poverty, and economic crisis. This study confirms that Umar bin Khattab's Islamic economic thinking can be an alternative model that is humanistic and sustainable for current economic development.

Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Syaibani (132-189 H/749-805 AD) was a leading fiqh expert and main student ofImam Abu Hanifah who played an important role in the development of the Hanafi School.Born in Wasith, Iraq, Al-Syaibani studied from great scholars such as Abu Hanifah, Abu Yusuf, Imam Malik, and Sufyan ats-Tsauri, combining the traditions ofahl al-ra'yi (Iraq) and ahl al-hadith (Medina).His works, such as Zhahir al-Riwayah (including Al-Jami' al-Kabir and Al-Siyar al-Kabir) and Al-Nawadir, have become major references in Hanafi jurisprudence. Al-Syaibani's political thought emphasizes the concept of a sharia-based state, social justice and accountable leadership. He divided the economic system into four sectors (agriculture, commerce, industry, and rent) with a focus on collective welfare. In international law (Al-Siyar al-Kabir), he formulated principles of relations between Muslims and non-Muslims, ethics of war, and diplomacy that have been influential until the modern era. This study analyzes the relevance of his thoughts in contemporary contexts, including Islamic economics, social justice, and international law, as well as the challenges in adapting his ideas amidst globalization. Al-Shaibani's thoughts offer an integrative framework between spirituality, morality, and governance practices,making them relevant to contemporary discussions of Islamic politics and economics.

Human trafficking is a serious and growing crime, including in Cambodia, which has become one of the countries vulnerable to this practice. This study aims to analyze the handling of human trafficking crimes in Cambodia from an international law perspective. Cambodia plays a significant role in the context of human trafficking due to its geographic location and socio-economic conditions, which influence the rate of human trafficking, whether for sexual exploitation, forced labor, or organ trafficking. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach from various sources, including international conventions, reports from international organizations, and Cambodia's national regulations. The findings show that although Cambodia has adopted several laws to combat human trafficking, the implementation of these policies is often hindered by limited resources, corruption, and lack of cooperation between countries. Additionally, despite efforts from the international community, such as the Palermo Protocol, challenges in consistently applying the law remain a significant barrier. The study also finds that stricter law enforcement and better rehabilitation systems for victims are necessary to improve the situation. Therefore, further collaboration between the Cambodian government, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations is needed to comprehensively address this issue.

This study seeks to understand how students in Lampung Province are influenced by social media influencers, their level of investment knowledge, their capital, and their risk tolerance when it comes to investing. The research highlights the significant role of investment in the economic system, emphasizing its dual function as a funding source for companies and an opportunity for investors to gain returns. The increasing trend of investment in Indonesia, particularly among the youth, indicates a growing interest in capital markets. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data was collected from 136 active students through online questionnaires. The study used multiple regression methods to look at how investment interest was correlated with the independent variables (knowledge of investing, capital, risk tolerance, and social media influencers). The findings reveal that investment knowledge and the percentage of income allocated for investment positively and significantly affect students' investment interest. Conversely, the influence of social media and risk tolerance did not show a direct impact. Notably, income as a moderating variable demonstrated a complex role, weakening the direct effects of knowledge and investment percentage while strengthening the influence of risk tolerance. The study suggests enhancing financial literacy programs and encouraging early financial management education to foster investment interest among students.

Indonesia has a very strategic geopolitical position as the largest archipelagic country in the world located at the intersection of two continents and two oceans. This geographical location gives Indonesia an important role in the political, economic, and security dynamics of the Southeast Asian region as well as in the global system. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's geopolitical position and its role in regional relations, especially in the ASEAN region. The method used is qualitative-descriptive with a literature study approach. The results of the study show that Indonesia has great potential as a regional leader through multilateral cooperation, strengthening diplomacy, and the vision of the World Maritime Axis. However, Indonesia also faces challenges such as territorial disputes, pressure from global powers, economic inequality, and environmental issues. Therefore, an adaptive and active foreign policy strategy is needed to strengthen Indonesia's position in the geopolitical chessboard of the region and the world.

This study aims to analyze the economic thought of Ibn Khaldun and its relevance to the modern economic system. Employing a qualitative approach through library research and document analysis, the study examines key concepts in Al-Muqaddimah, such as the economic cycle theory, market mechanisms, the role of the state, and distributive justice advocated by Ibn Khaldun. The findings reveal that Ibn Khaldun’s economic thought holds significant relevance in addressing modern economic challenges, particularly social inequality, wealth redistribution, and market regulation. Empirical studies on the implementation of zakat systems in Malaysia and modern economic theories like Keynesianism and institutional economics support these findings. Therefore, integrating Ibn Khaldun’s classical economic values into contemporary economic policies can enhance the stability, justice, and sustainability of the global economic system. This research contributes to enriching Islamic economic literature and offers practical solutions for inclusive and equitable economic development.

Ibn Khaldun is recognized as a prominent Muslim thinker who made significant contributions to the fields of economics, sociology, and politics. In his seminal work Muqaddimah, he introduced economic ideas that were far ahead of his time, including the concepts of national wealth, wage theory, market mechanisms, and the role of the state in fiscal policy. This study aims to examine the core economic thoughts of Ibn Khaldun and their relevance to current economic dynamics. Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on literature review, the study finds that many of Khaldun's ideas remain highly relevant, particularly regarding the importance of productivity, fiscal justice, and the integration of social and economic aspects in building a sustainable system. Most people know that Ibn Khaldun is one of the most famous Muslim thinkers, and he did a lot in the fields of politics, economics, and sociology.  In his monumental work, Muqaddimah discusses various long-established economic concepts, such as the market mechanism, wage theory, national wealth, and the role of the state in fiscal policy.  The purpose of this research is to study Ibn Khaldun's ideas on economics and evaluate how these impact contemporary economic developments.  The study found that many of Khaldun's ideas are still relevant today thanks to the use of descriptive qualitative methodology based on literature study. A sustainable and inclusive economic system relies on the idea of productivity as the source of economic growth, fiscal justice in the taxation system, and integration between social and economic aspects.  The results show that classical economic thought not only has historical value, but also offers solutions to many modern economic problems such as inequality, productivity stagnation, and institutional crisis.

The history of Islamic economic thought has developed since the time of the Prophet Muhammad and continues to experience enrichment by Muslim scholars. These thinkers tried to build Islamic economic concepts that are relevant to the context of their times, while still based on the Qur'an and Hadith. One of the important figures in Islamic economic thought is Abu Ubaid, whose main work Kitab al-Amwal is the main reference in understanding the classical Islamic economic system. In his work, Abu Ubaid emphasizes the importance of justice as the main principle in economic management, including the use of money. He views money as having two main functions, namely as a standard of value and a medium of exchange. His views show strong relevance to the modern economic system, where the function of money still plays an important role in economic activity. This paper aims to examine in depth Abu Ubaid's thoughts on the function of money and assess its relevance in the context of contemporary economics.

This research discusses the application of Islamic economic principles during the leadership of Al-Khulafa' Al-Rasyidin, namely Abu Bakar Ash-Shiddiq, Umar bin Khattab, Uthman bin Affan, and Ali bin Abi Talib. The focus of the study lies on the application of sharia values such as justice, honesty, zakat, and wealth distribution in economic policy and governance. The study found that the caliphs consistently implemented Islamic economic principles in state financial management, zakat collection and distribution, market supervision, and protection of property rights. Such implementation proved the effectiveness of the Islamic economic system in creating social justice and public welfare. The application of Islamic economic principles in financial management has an important role because it provides a strong ethical and moral basis, supports the creation of a sustainable economy, and emphasizes justice in the distribution of wealth in society. These principles serve as guidelines for individuals to manage their finances wisely so as to bring benefits not only to themselves, but also to their social environment. By applying these values, wealth inequality can be prevented and a stable and fair economic system can be built. Islamic economics also emphasizes the importance of transparency and honesty in every financial transaction. By avoiding unethical practices such as usury and excessive speculation, individuals can maintain integrity and create a financial system that is aligned with moral values. In addition, Islamic economic principles contain a high value of social responsibility, reflected in the teachings on Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah which encourage individuals to participate in social development and help those in need. Therefore, managing personal finances based on these principles not only ensures individual financial sustainability, but also has a positive impact on the well-being of society at large.

This study aims to analyze the concept of economic justice according to Ibn Taimiyah and examine its relevance to the challenges of the modern economic system. Through a qualitative approach based on literature studies, it was found that principles such as honesty in trade, justice in the distribution of wealth, state involvement in maintaining market balance, and the prohibition of exploitation and monopoly are important foundations in Ibn Taimiyah's thinking. These values ​​have proven to remain contextual in facing the problems of global economic inequality, the dominance of large corporations, and the crisis of social justice in the modern era. The integration of the principles of ethics and justice promoted by Ibn Taimiyah is the key to building a more humane, inclusive, and sustainable economic order

This study aims to examine the contribution of zakat to socio-economic mobility during the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad SAW in Madinah, emphasizing its role not merely as a religious obligation but also as a strategic instrument for social transformation. Employing a qualitative method through literature review, this research explores historical accounts, Islamic economic literature, and academic sources related to zakat management. The findings reveal that zakat, when administered systematically and empowerment-oriented, effectively reduced social inequality, improved the living standards of marginalized communities, and promoted sustainable social mobility. The productive zakat model introduced by the Prophet SAW not only succeeded in establishing social justice in Madinan society but also laid the foundation for an economy based on communal solidarity. These results highlight the relevance of the Prophetic zakat model as an alternative solution for addressing contemporary socio-economic challenges, particularly in promoting equitable and sustainable development.

Disparity in wealth distribution is a fundamental problem in the modern economy that causes social injustice and economic inequality. Islam offers a solution through the concept of equitable wealth distribution through the instruments of zakat, infaq, sadaqah, and waqf. This study aims to analyze Abu Ubaid's thoughts on wealth distribution in Islam and explore its relevance as a solution to economic inequality in the contemporary era. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to Abu Ubaid's work, Kitab Al-Amwal, as well as related literature on Islamic economics and wealth distribution. The results show that Abu Ubaid emphasizes the importance of the state's role in managing public wealth through Baitul Mal to ensure fair and equitable distribution. In addition, he rejects the exploitative accumulation of wealth and asserts that fiscal policy must be flexible for the benefit of the people. Theoretically, this research enriches Islamic economic studies by integrating Abu Ubaid's principles as a guide to fair and sustainable policies. Practically, the results of this study can be a reference for policy makers in designing a social justice-based wealth distribution system that is relevant today. By understanding the concept of wealth distribution according to Abu Ubaid, this research is expected to contribute to the development of a more inclusive and equitable Islamic economy.

Indonesia is currently very dependent on fossil energy, the availability of which is limited and has an emission effect on the environment. To sustain the availability of electrical energy, alternative energy sources are needed in the form of renewable energy, one of which is the Solar Power Plant (PLTS). This research discusses the design of an On Grid PLTS system in the park at Campus II, Pamulang University using Pvsyst 7.2 software by taking into account technical and economic aspects in three scenarios. In scenario 1, the On Grid PLTS is designed to suit the energy needs of the Pamulang University Campus II park, while in scenario 2 it uses an OFF Grid system and in scenario 3 it uses a Hybrid PLTS system (PLN+Batteries). Economic aspects are calculated using the Net Present Value (NPV) and Discounted Payback Period (DPP) methods. Technically, the Performance Ratio obtained was 83.59% and 83.53% respectively with Solar Fraction of 62.64% and 70.15% respectively. Economically, the NPV value obtained is positive and the investment return period is 7.78 years and 7.8 years respectively. So, designing an On Grid PLTS in the park of Pamulang University's Campus II is considered feasible.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are an essential component of Indonesia's economic framework. MSMEs need to improve their business performance stability to maintain economic stability. This research aims to determine the influence of accounting information systems, financial literacy, and management accounting practices on MSME business performance in the city of Semarang. The population of this research is 187 MSMEs, with a sample of 100 MSMEs that have more than 5 employees (purposive sampling method). The findings show that the variables SIA (Accounting Information System) and PAM (Management Accounting Practices) have a significant positive impact on KB (Business Performance), indicating that any increase in these variables will enhance MSME business performance. Conversely, the LK (Financial Literacy) variable has a negative and insignificant impact on KB, indicating that many MSMEs do not fully understand financial literacy in terms of knowledge and benefits. However, LK and SIA have a significant positive impact on PAM, demonstrating that optimal PAM implementation supports MSME business performance. There is a significant positive indirect effect of LK and SIA on PAM and KB, highlighting the importance of financial literacy and accounting information systems in improving MSME business performance.  

Post-harvest handling of fish requires an effective cold chain system, including the availability of ice factories, to preserve the quality and freshness of catches. The presence of an ice factory enables fishermen to bring ice during fishing trips, ensuring the catch remains safe for consumption. The planning of a portable mini ice factory in Ciwaru Village, located within the Ciletuh National Geopark, aims to maintain fish quality along the southern coast of West Java. Although several ice factories exist in Sukabumi Regency, their availability at fish landing sites such as the Ciwaru Fish Auction Place (TPI) remains insufficient. According to the Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No. 2 of 2021, assistance for ice factory construction is provided to fishermen groups following a feasibility study submission. This community service project aims to assist fishermen cooperatives in improving cold chain management and preparing a feasibility study for ice factory development. Key issues identified include limited human resource competence, hygiene and sanitation challenges, feasibility study preparation, and internal communication enhancement within cooperatives. Solutions are implemented through training programs, cold chain method applications, feasibility analysis for mini ice factories, and the development of an information system for fishermen. The planned ice factory unit has a capacity of 1 ton per 8-hour cycle, supported by three freshwater wells near the site. Economic analysis reveals an NPV of Rp1,170,676,141, an IRR of 10.91%, and a Net B/C Ratio of 1.64, with a BEP at 311 tons/year, well below the installed capacity of 788 tons/year, confirming its economic viability. The resulting feasibility study will serve as the basis for applying for government assistance, complemented by scientific publications, national media coverage, video documentation, and intellectual property registration.

This study explores the integration of AI-driven process optimization in Waste-to-Energy (WtE) systems to enhance urban sustainability. The research focuses on designing a gasification-based WtE system, incorporating AI predictive control to optimize energy conversion processes. The AI system adjusts operational parameters in real-time, improving energy conversion efficiency by 25% and reducing carbon emissions by 40%. Additionally, the system's waste-to-energy conversion rate is projected to increase by 20%, and operational costs are expected to decrease by 30%. Data collection and analysis are carried out using advanced sensors to monitor key parameters such as temperature, gas composition, and energy output, which are then processed by machine learning algorithms for predictive analysis. The results show that the AI optimization significantly enhances system performance, offering a sustainable solution for urban waste management. The study highlights the technical and operational challenges of integrating AI into existing WtE systems, including the need for infrastructure upgrades and scalability considerations. It also discusses the socio-economic impacts, including job creation, reduced energy costs, and improved public health. The findings demonstrate the potential of AI-based WtE systems in reducing waste, generating clean energy, and mitigating climate change, positioning them as a viable solution for sustainable urban development.

The revitalization of urban heritage areas in Indonesia, exemplified by Panggung Street in Surabaya, faces multifaceted challenges encompassing the preservation of historical character, socio-economic enhancement, and the creation of inclusive public spaces. Current revitalization efforts often misalign with the area’s authentic features such as inappropriate facade treatments while neglecting accessibility for vulnerable groups and failing to foster effective collaboration among stakeholders. This study employs a descriptive qualitative case study approach, synthesizing field observations, in-depth interviews with local actors, comprehensive literature reviews, and precedent analyses of Braga Street in Bandung and heritage zones in Malacca. Data were analyzed using SWOT and root cause analysis to identify systemic barriers and leverage opportunities, while comparative-historical interpretation contextualized Surabaya’s urban identity. Triangulation ensured methodological rigor and validity. The research culminates in a holistic revitalization framework emphasizing three key strategies: restoration of authentic architectural features, including original colors and ornamentation, enhancement of inclusive infrastructure, such as accessible pedestrian pathways and universal signage and active community participation through workshops and cultural initiatives like the Kya-Kya night market. This integrated approach not only preserves the area’s historical integrity but also fosters social cohesion, economic vitality, and collective pride. The study demonstrates that combining heritage conservation with inclusive design principles can transform urban spaces into dynamic, accessible, and sustainable environments. The findings offer valuable insights for other Southeast Asian cities facing similar heritage revitalization challenges.

Suboptimal waste management in Kalijoso Village, Secang District, Magelang Regency, is a critical issue that impacts environmental sustainability and public health. The inefficiency of conventional waste disposal methods has led to increased waste accumulation, soil and water pollution, and the spread of diseases, which has significant consequences for local communities. To address these challenges, the local government and community organizations have embraced the principles of the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) through a transformation of traditional waste disposal sites (TPS) into 3R TPS. The new approach focuses on sustainable waste management practices that reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills. One of the key strategies implemented is educational outreach to raise awareness about the importance of waste segregation and recycling. Additionally, training programs have been conducted to teach the community how to process organic waste, particularly through the cultivation of maggots using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. This method not only helps reduce the volume of organic waste but also provides a practical solution for transforming waste into valuable resources. The maggots cultivated during the demonstration are used as animal feed, which creates a sustainable circular economy within the community. Furthermore, composting organic waste results in high-quality compost that supports local agricultural activities. This has added economic value by reducing the need for chemical fertilizers, while simultaneously improving soil health. The role of the Salakan Hamlet Youth Organization has been instrumental in this initiative. They have successfully managed a waste bank, providing an organized and systematic approach to waste collection and recycling. This initiative has fostered a sense of community responsibility and has not only improved waste management practices but also contributed to the overall economic development of the village.

This study examines the concept of fair pricing according to Ibn Taymiyyah and its relevance in modern economics. In Ibn Taymiyyah’s perspective, fair pricing is not solely determined by market mechanisms but also by moral values and social balance. The aim of this study is to analyze Ibn Taymiyyah’s thoughts on fair pricing and its implications for today’s economic system. The research method used is a qualitative approach with literature analysis of Ibn Taymiyyah’s works and contemporary Islamic economic studies. The findings show that Ibn Taymiyyah’s concept of fair pricing reflects a balance supply and demand, based on principles of justice, transparency, and public welfare. This concept has the potential to serve as a solution to price disparities in the current global economy.

Introduction: The integration of Digital Twin (DT) technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) into Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) offers a transformative approach to optimizing energy consumption in buildings. This study explores the development of a Digital Twin based BEMS prototype, which leverages real time data collection, predictive analytics, and machine learning to enhance energy efficiency, reduce costs, and support sustainability goals in modern buildings. The research also addresses key gaps in current energy management systems, including real time adaptive control and integration with smart grid platforms. Literature Review: Previous research highlights the limitations of traditional BEMS, which often rely on static control strategies and lack real time adaptability. Recent advancements, including predictive maintenance and machine learning integration, have improved energy optimization. However, challenges such as data interoperability, scalability, and cybersecurity remain. This review consolidates current approaches and identifies opportunities for enhancing BEMS through the integration of DT technology, IoT, and machine learning. Materials and Method: The methodology employed involves the design of a Digital Twin based BEMS prototype, incorporating IoT sensors for real time data collection on variables such as HVAC load, occupancy, and environmental factors. The system uses time series forecasting and adaptive control strategies to optimize energy consumption. A case study building is used for validation, with performance metrics such as energy savings, CO₂ footprint reduction, and peak load reduction assessed to evaluate the system's effectiveness. Results and Discussion: The results demonstrate a significant reduction in energy consumption (up to 50%) compared to traditional BEMS, along with improved forecasting accuracy and sustainability performance. The prototype achieved a high R² score in predicting energy usage, validated through real world application in the case study building. The economic feasibility analysis showed substantial cost savings and a strong return on investment, making the system a financially viable solution for energy efficient building management.