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This study aims to examine the implementation of teacher pedagogical competence in three secondary schools with different characteristics, namely SMP Negeri 3 Tapung, SMAN 1 Tambang, and SMAN 12 Pekanbaru. Pedagogical competence does not only include the ability to deliver material, but also reflects an understanding of student characteristics, contextual learning strategies, and effective and enjoyable classroom management. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and direct observations to explore the experiences of teachers, principals, and students in the daily learning process. The results of the study showed variations in the application of pedagogical competence influenced by social environmental factors, facilities, and teacher readiness to respond to changes in education policy. Despite facing challenges such as limited facilities and administrative burdens, some teachers were able to demonstrate high dedication and innovation in learning. This study provides a comprehensive overview of pedagogical practices in the field and is expected to be an input in formulating policies to improve teacher quality contextually and sustainably.

Flooding is a disaster that comes from nature directly, whether it is caused by the frequency of high rainfall or the capacity of rivers that are unable to stem the swift flow of water. Thus, appropriate measures (Mitigation) are needed to be able to cope with flood natural disasters. This research intends to conduct an in-depth field study related to flood disasters in Kudus Regency and its mitigation guidelines. Then the researcher evaluates whether the mitigation measures can have a significant impact on the decline of flood natural disasters in Kudus Regency. The research method in this study applies qualitative with a field study approach style. Based on the previous research, it was found that several measures have been taken to mitigate the occurrence of flood disasters. However, these steps have in fact not been able to overcome flooding in Kudus Regency. Based on the results of an in-depth analytical study by applying the theory of policy effectiveness by Joseph John Campbell, it was found that several flood disaster mitigation efforts carried out by the Kudus Regency Government were still ineffective because they had not been able to significantly reduce the incidence of flooding. Policy improvements and more assertive program implementation are needed so that the results are more optimal.

The implementation of the Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) curriculum and the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) approach represents a strategic response to the global challenges faced by 21st-century higher education. Both initiatives share the same goal: to produce graduates who are relevant to industry needs and capable of adapting to the times. This article aims to examine the synergy between MBKM policies and the OBE approach in the planning and implementation of higher education curricula to achieve excellent graduate profiles. This study uses a systematic literature review with a descriptive-qualitative approach. The findings indicate that integrating MBKM and OBE encourages universities to design outcome-based curricula with contextual learning rooted in real-world experience. Key success strategies include redesigning outcome-based lesson plans (RPS), cross-sector collaboration, and strengthening assessment systems. This article recommends reinforcing synergy among policymakers, lecturers, and external partners to promote adaptive and sustainable higher education.

Indonesia as a multicultural country with religious, ethnic, and cultural diversity faces serious challenges in maintaining social harmony amidst increasing intolerance, extremism, and politicization of religion. In response, the government developed a religious moderation policy to instill just, balanced, and tolerant religious values. However, this policy has not been fully grounded in society, given the gap in understanding between state idealism and the developing social reality. This study aims to analyze the concept, implementation, and structural and cultural challenges in the implementation of religious moderation policies in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative approach with the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) technique on various relevant national and international scientific publications in the period 2018–2024. The results of the study show that the implementation of this policy is still dominated by a formalistic approach and has not involved active participation from grassroots communities. In addition, ideological resistance, weak public communication, and minimal impact-based evaluation are the main challenges. Therefore, a more participatory, contextual, and local culture-based moderation approach is needed so that this policy does not just become a state project, but a shared life value.

Transformation service Primary health care (PHC) is a key pillar in improvement results health public globally, especially in high- income countries low and medium . This article analyze approach comprehensive in strengthening PHC through Healthy Indonesia Program (PIS) policy with approach family (PIS-PK), integration digital technology , and policy reform. This study highlight importance continuity service , participation community , readiness source Power humans , and use technology information For support taking decision data -driven and sustainable services . Research This adopt method qualitative with interviews , observations , and reviews document to implementation of PIS-PK in North Gorontalo Regency . Research results show that success PHC transformation is greatly influenced by communication effective policies , availability​ source power , structure adaptive bureaucracy , as well as support digitalization service . Findings this is also associated in a way direct with theory and practice implementation policies , including classical models such as Van Meter and Van Horn and Edwards III .

This study aims to analyze the concept of Islamic public finance according to Abu 'Ubaid al-Qasim bin Salam in Kitab al-Amwal and its relevance to the implementation of zakat-based fiscal policy in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach and library research method, the study reveals that Abu 'Ubaid emphasized three main principles in public finance management: justice, transparency, and public benefit (maslahah). He viewed zakat as a public financial instrument that must be managed by the state to ensure fair and equitable distribution of wealth. The implementation of zakat-based fiscal policy in Indonesia still faces challenges such as low public awareness, lack of integration into the national and regional budgets, and uneven zakat distribution. Based on Abu ‘Ubaid's thoughts, the proposed solutions include strengthening regulations, improving transparency in zakat institutions, and optimizing the use of technology. Integrating zakat into the public financial system can be an effective strategy to reduce social inequality and promote sustainable public welfare.

Digital transformation in the taxation system is one of the strategic steps of the Indonesian government in increasing administrative efficiency and state revenue. This study aims to analyze the form of digital tax strategy transformation in Indonesia, identify challenges and opportunities in its implementation, and assess its contribution to increasing national competitiveness. Based on literature studies and current policy analysis, it was found that tax digitalization shows progress through the implementation of e-filing, e-invoices, e-forms, and the imposition of Value Added Tax or VAT on digital services. Digitalization is still dominated by administrative aspects and has not fully touched on the strategic aspects of tax compliance. The challenges faced include low digital and tax literacy, limited technological infrastructure, and resistance from business actors, especially the informal sector and MSMEs. This study contributes to formulating policy recommendations to strengthen the implementation of a digital tax strategy that not only focuses on compliance, but is able to expand the tax base, increase fiscal efficiency, and create a fairer tax system that supports national competitiveness.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) in learning media presents challenges related to the uneven readiness of human resources and infrastructure, thus affecting the effectiveness of its implementation. This study aims to examine the effect of AI implementation in learning media development on learning outcomes of students of Faculty of Economics, University of Balikpapan. The method used is quantitative with survey design and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis using AMOS. The sample consists of 113 students selected by simple random sampling from the population of 376 active students. The results of the analysis showed that the readiness of lecturers and the quality of AI-based learning media had a significant effect on improving student learning outcomes. However, the success of AI implementation is also strongly influenced by infrastructure support and educator training. The findings provide important implications for learning media developers and policy makers to strengthen lecturers' capacity and improve technology infrastructure to support inclusive and sustainable digital transformation of education. In addition, ethical aspects and data privacy should be the main concerns in the development of AI-based learning media.

The Internal Quality Assurance System (SPMI) is a strategic mechanism for directing and controlling the quality of education through continuous planning, implementation, evaluation, and follow-up processes. This study aims to describe and analyze the management of SPMI in improving the performance of Vocational High Schools (SMK), with research sites at SMK Bina Teknologi Subang and SMK Al-Mufti Purwadadi. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study examines the implementation of management functions based on the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) cycle within the context of educational quality assurance. The results indicate that the implementation of SPMI contributes positively to improving school performance, particularly in meeting and exceeding the National Education Standards (SNP), as reflected in the school self-evaluation results and recommendations in the education report card. Furthermore, the implementation of SPMI encourages schools to carry out root-cause-based improvements through systematic program planning, activity development, and priority setting. These findings highlight that the success of SPMI is strongly influenced by consistent implementation and the commitment of all school stakeholders. The Novelty of this study lies in the development of a hypothetical SPMI model based on performance management, which is relevant for enhancing the quality and competitiveness of vocational schools in a sustainable manner.

The implementation of the Rice Field Expansion Program as an effort to develop new agricultural land and achieve food sovereignty in Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan, aims to optimize the use of agricultural land to support food security. This program was carried out as a response to the need for increased food production, particularly rice, to reduce dependency on imports and strengthen the national food system. This study analyzes various factors influencing the success of the rice field expansion program in Tanah Laut Regency, including planning, implementation, and challenges faced in developing new agricultural land. A case study method with a qualitative approach was used through in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders, such as local government, farmers, and other related agencies. The results show that the program has a positive impact on increasing the area of productive agricultural land, but still faces challenges related to water availability, market access, and farmers' awareness in adopting new agricultural technologies. Therefore, improvements in coordination among stakeholders and the enhancement of supporting facilities are needed for the program to achieve its main goal, which is food sovereignty at the regional level.

The Campus Teaching Program is a concrete implementation of the Freedom to Learn policy, which positions students as agents of educational transformation in elementary schools, particularly in disadvantaged, frontier, and outermost (3T) areas. One fundamental problem faced by elementary schools in these areas is students' poor understanding of legal norms and school regulations. This condition contributes to high rates of disciplinary violations and rampant bullying behavior, such as verbal harassment, exclusion, and peer coercion. This study aims to analyze the contribution of the Campus Teaching Program in fostering legal awareness in elementary school students through a character education approach. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study method and was conducted at Budisari Public Elementary School, Cililin District, West Bandung Regency. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with teachers, students, and student participants; participant observation during the learning process; and documentation of activities. Data validity was ensured through methodological triangulation and member checking techniques. The results indicate that the involvement of student teachers in the Campus Teaching Program facilitated the internalization of legal values through learning that integrates character education into both subjects and extracurricular activities. Students successfully developed various educational strategies, such as simulations of school regulations, role-plays about the consequences of violations, and group discussions on the values of honesty, responsibility, and mutual respect. The implementation of these activities resulted in increased student legal awareness, as evidenced by greater compliance with school regulations, fewer disciplinary violations, and a significant decrease in bullying incidents.

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of fertilizer extension and fertilization in the women's farmer group "Cerdas" in Lawelu Village, Ulumoro'o District, West Nias Regency. The research method used a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, structured interviews, and questionnaires. The results showed that 75% of respondents experienced an increase in understanding of fertilizer types, doses, and application times after counseling. However, implementation in the field is still constrained by limited access to subsidized fertilizer (60% of respondents). The conclusion of this study states that extension is effective in improving knowledge but requires policy support to improve fertilizer accessibility.

This research discusses the application of Islamic economic principles during the leadership of Al-Khulafa' Al-Rasyidin, namely Abu Bakar Ash-Shiddiq, Umar bin Khattab, Uthman bin Affan, and Ali bin Abi Talib. The focus of the study lies on the application of sharia values such as justice, honesty, zakat, and wealth distribution in economic policy and governance. The study found that the caliphs consistently implemented Islamic economic principles in state financial management, zakat collection and distribution, market supervision, and protection of property rights. Such implementation proved the effectiveness of the Islamic economic system in creating social justice and public welfare. The application of Islamic economic principles in financial management has an important role because it provides a strong ethical and moral basis, supports the creation of a sustainable economy, and emphasizes justice in the distribution of wealth in society. These principles serve as guidelines for individuals to manage their finances wisely so as to bring benefits not only to themselves, but also to their social environment. By applying these values, wealth inequality can be prevented and a stable and fair economic system can be built. Islamic economics also emphasizes the importance of transparency and honesty in every financial transaction. By avoiding unethical practices such as usury and excessive speculation, individuals can maintain integrity and create a financial system that is aligned with moral values. In addition, Islamic economic principles contain a high value of social responsibility, reflected in the teachings on Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah which encourage individuals to participate in social development and help those in need. Therefore, managing personal finances based on these principles not only ensures individual financial sustainability, but also has a positive impact on the well-being of society at large.

The dual citizenship policy in Indonesia is a complex issue within national law and has various implications, including from the perspective of Islamic law. Islamic law does not explicitly regulate the concept of citizenship in the modern sense but has principles that can be used to analyze this policy, such as al-wala’ (loyalty), mu’ahadah (agreements), and maqasid al-shariah (the objectives of Islamic law). This study employs a normative juridical method with a conceptual and comparative legal approach to understand how Islamic law can contribute to assessing Indonesia's dual citizenship policy. The findings indicate that although Islamic law does not explicitly prohibit dual citizenship, certain principles must be considered, such as loyalty to the state and justice in legal relations. Therefore, the implementation of the dual citizenship policy in Indonesia should take into account aspects of Islamic law to align with the national legal identity based on Pancasila and the values of justice.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has a strategic role in Indonesia's economic development. However, the realization of foreign investment is not free from challenges related to legal certainty and protection. This study aims to analyze legal protection for foreign investors in Indonesia, both in terms of applicable legal norms and from the aspect of implementation in the field. Through a literature review, information was collected from various sources in the form of journals, articles, and relevant laws and regulations to gain a broad understanding of legal protection for foreign investors at the normative and implementation levels in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that Indonesian laws and regulations, especially Law No. 25/2007 concerning Investment, various Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), and FTAs ​​provide a comprehensive legal protection framework for foreign investors. In the field, legal uncertainty still arises due to overlapping regulations, frequent policy changes, and different interpretations between institutions. Slow and less transparent licensing bureaucracy, as well as the risk of extortion practices, reduce the attractiveness of investment. Reform efforts such as simplifying licensing through OSS, establishing BKPM as a one-stop shop, and ratifying the Omnibus Law on Job Creation have shown progress in increasing certainty and ease of investment.

This research discusses equality before the law in Indonesia by highlighting the role of the second principle of Pancasila, “Just and civilized humanity,” as the philosophical foundation of law enforcement. Although the constitution and various policies have affirmed the principle of equality, practice on the ground still shows injustice and discrimination, especially against low-income groups and those from certain social backgrounds. This study highlights the structural and cultural challenges, as well as the weak resources and integrity of law enforcement officials, that have led to suboptimal law enforcement. In addition, this study also evaluates the effectiveness of government policies in integrating Pancasila values into the legal system and highlights the importance of policy reforms to ensure fair treatment for all citizens. The findings of this research recommend the need to strengthen the implementation of Pancasila values and supervise the implementation of the law to realize substantive justice in Indonesia.    

Occupational safety and health (K3) is an important factor in ensuring the physical and mental health of workers and creating a safe work environment. This research discusses the implementation of K3 management to minimize work hazards, especially those caused by developments in industrial technology and the use of hazardous materials such as asbestos. As a destructive material, asbestos can cause serious diseases such as lung and pleural cancer if not managed properly. Referring to the K3 management system policy in the Minister of Manpower Decree No. 05 1996, this research emphasizes the important role of company management in integrating K3 into the operating system. It is hoped that the results of this research can serve as a guide for the business world to identify hazards, assess risks, and implement control measures to create a safe and secure work environment.

Implementation of subsidized fertilizer policy does not run optimally in Benowo Village and supervision that has never been done by the Purworejo Agriculture Office or from BPP Bener are 2 problems that become the background of this research. The objective of this research was implemented policy on subsidized fertilizer which is focused on farmer groups in Benowo Village and to know the supervision subsidized fertilizer conducted by the Agriculture Office of Purworejo District as an institution authorized to manage subsidized fertilizer and the cooperation of other institutions or agencies related to it. The method of research used was qualitative. Collecting data is done at the research location namely Benowo Village by interview, observations, as well as documentation. After all the data has been collected, continued data selection based on similarities that proved the truth. Results with descriptive a method to accomplish valid research objectives. Research results and discussion obtained of the problem formulation was the implementation of the subsidized fertilizer policies in Benowo true existence is not running optimally because of the problem of fertilizer application that occurs. The second problem formulation is to produce a picture of supervision that is less attention from the Department of Agriculture regarding subsidized fertilizers. So that the resulting conclusions and also suggestions in essence that the Government and the Agriculture Office are more active in providing solutions to the problems of implementing policies and supervision of subsidized fertilizers in Benowo Village on an ongoing basis.

The Community-Based Drinking Water and Sanitation Provision Program (PAMSIMAS) aims to increase access to clean water and proper sanitation in rural areas. However, the implementation of this program in several villages, including in Lubuk Ulak Village, Muara Pinang District, Empat Lawang Regency, still faces various challenges. This research aims to evaluate the PAMSIMAS development policy in the village, focusing on the effectiveness of implementation, the challenges faced, and its impact on the local community. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. The data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies related to the implementation of PAMSIMAS. The collected data was analyzed thematically to find patterns relevant to the research objectives. The results show that although PAMSIMAS has succeeded in providing clean water infrastructure, there are still problems in terms of water resource management, community participation, and facility sustainability. Lack of technical training for local managers and weak coordination between stakeholders led to the insustainability of programs at the village level. In conclusion, PAMSIMAS in Lubuk Ulak Village needs improvements in planning, community involvement, and institutional capacity strengthening. Further research is needed to explore the sustainability of the program and the active role of communities and governments in sustainable clean water management.

The increase in the PPnBM rate to 12% in Law 7/2021 on Luxury Goods is a fiscal reform strategy to increase state revenue and control the consumption of luxury goods. This policy aims to broaden the tax base and reduce socio-economic inequality. From a legal perspective, its implementation must uphold the principles of justice, legal certainty, and protection of taxpayer rights. Clear derivative regulations, transparent implementation, and strict supervision are needed to prevent abuse. This paper analyzes the policy through normative and conceptual approaches of tax administration law and fiscal economics.