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This research discusses the implementation of the Project for Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Students (P5) in the Independent Curriculum at the UNP Laboratory Development High School. The Merdeka Curriculum emphasizes the character of students with six main dimensions, such as faith, diversity, mutual cooperation, independence, critical thinking and creativity. Implementation of P5 is carried out through project-based activities involving these elements, with a focus on the theme "Local Wisdom." UNP Laboratory Development High School implements P5 every three months, involving all education stakeholders. P5 evaluation does not focus on written grades, but rather on strengthening character, especially local wisdom which describes the culture, identity and ethics of the local community. This program aims to prepare students to face the challenges of globalization while maintaining harmony with Pancasila values ​​and local wisdom. The research method used was qualitative with data collection through observation and interviews with the P5 coordinating teacher. The findings show that P5 involves project-based activities aimed at strengthening students' competencies and character in accordance with the Pancasila Student Profile. The implication of this research is the importance of character education that integrates local wisdom in learning to create a competent and characterful generation.

Biology learning demands learning competencies in the realm of high-level understanding, so many students find it challenging to develop their critical thinking skills and, therefore, have difficulty completing various concepts in biology. For this reason, a particular way of learning is needed so that it fosters students' critical thinking skills through creative and collaborative thinking skills so that they can be well-honed in order to be able to solve various complex concepts in biology. Therefore, this research aims to determine the creative and collaborative thinking abilities of class X SMA Negeri 1 Airmadidi students on Animalia material, focusing on their creative and collaborative thinking abilities. This type of qualitative research describes data obtained from a rubric containing research indicators. The research results show that the profile of students' creative and collaborative skills shows good development based on the indicators obtained. Indicators of creative and collaborative thinking abilities are at scores 3 and 4, which shows that students can give excellent and precise answers to both questions through discussions and written tests. Based on these results, the analysis of creative and collaborative thinking abilities in class X12 students at SMA Negeri 1 Airmadidi is in good ability results.

This study aims to determine the significant effect of self confidence on students' critical thinking skills. The hypothesis in this study is that there is a significant effect of self-confidence on the ability to think critically mathematically.This type of research is correlational. The population in this study were all VIII grade students as many as 6 classes totaling 188 students. The research sample was taken randomly 30 students. The data in this study are in the form of self confidence questionnaire and mathematical critical thinking skills questions. The data analysis technique uses correlation analysis. The results of this study obtained t_0 = 3.391 and t_table = 1.70 at the real level α = 0.05. This shows that t_0> t_table which means H_(0) is rejected or H_1 is accepted which states that there is a significant effect of self confidence on the critical thinking skills of class VIII students. The effect of self-confidence on mathematical critical thinking ability is a moderate relationship with r_(Xy) = 0.54 and obtained a coefficient of determination of 29.16%

Education in the Netherlands is the responsibility of the government and is managed by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. The Dutch education system is renowned for its holistic approach, which focuses on overall student development and encourages creativity and critical thinking. Education in the Netherlands is renowned for its comprehensive and progressive system. This education system covers primary, secondary and higher education levels, emphasizes school autonomy, gives teachers the freedom to design learning activities and includes students with diverse needs. The Netherlands also offers many English language study programs at universities, attracting international students. The Dutch education system also emphasizes gender equality and supports diversity in education.    

The research purposed to increase students motivation and used variation of teaching methods teachers in the delivery materials of students. It causes problems faced today, teachers spend too much time in front of classroom without give a chance students to explore new things besides in the class. Another programs is the low critical thinking ability of students which can be seen from the questions and students answer during the learning process. This is accordance with the results shown by Program for International Study Assesment (PISA) in 2015, Indonesia position as one the lowest ranked in quality, Education is ranked 62nd out of 70. Inquiry learning model is one of the way solves this problem. From the facts obtained, the writters tried to provide solutions of these problem is the right to do the development of teaching inquiry learning model. The design of this study using basic research. By using the inquiry learning model, the things obtained is inquiry training requires insvetigative activities, either observation or experiment, which or part of scientific performance. Inquiry involves process skill based on a scientific atittude so that activity can help students to gain a deeper understanding of the environment.

This research was conducted because the background was low student motivation and critical thinking skills. So the aim of this research is to explain how teacher activities increase student activity, learning motivation and skills in critical thinking. Researchers used a qualitative and also quantitative approach with this type of PTK research carried out over 4 meetings. The research subjects were class V students at SDN Murung A with a total of 14 students. The results of the research show that teacher activity at the 4th meeting received very good criteria, student activity was very active, student motivation reached a percentage of 85.71% and critical thinking skills at the 4th meeting reached 85.71%.

This study aims to explore the role of scientific articles in the development of insight and critical thinking of students at Medan State University. The research method used a survey with 20 respondents. The results show that scientific articles are effective in deepening students' understanding and critical thinking skills. Despite challenges such as language comprehension, scientific articles remain a valuable tool in higher education, supporting students' preparation for a complex future.

This research aims to determine the analysis of students' mathematical critical thinking abilities based on questions based on TIMSS VIII SMP Negeri 29 Medan. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects in this research were 33 students in class VIII-7 of SMP Negeri 29 Medan. The results of the research show that: (1) The average value of students' interpreting abilities is 76.01, which indicates that students' interpretation indicators are in the high category. (2) The average student score in analyzing the mathematical critical thinking ability test is 64.39, which shows that the students' analysis indicators are in the medium category. (3) The average score of students' abilities in the evaluation indicators on the mathematical critical thinking ability test is 41.48, which shows that the students' evaluation indicators are in the low category. So it is concluded that students with high abilities are only able to fulfill 2 critical thinking indicators, namely interpreting and analyzing indicators, 2 students with moderate mathematical abilities are only able to fulfill 2 critical thinking indicators and students with low mathematical abilities, there is 1 student only fulfilling 1 critical thinking indicator in One of the question numbers is the evaluating indicator in question number 3.

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of the Power of Two cooperative learning model on students' thinking skills in the Fikih material at MI Nurul Yaqin Donoyudan. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method that refers to literature observations, observations, and documentation. The Power of Two model is applied by forming small groups of two students who discuss the material being studied before sharing their understanding with other groups. This strategy is designed to encourage active interaction, increase self-confidence, and deepen understanding of the material. During the learning process, researchers observed an increase in collaboration between students and their ability to express opinions and understand Fikih concepts. The results of the study indicate that the application of this model can improve students' thinking skills, both in cognitive and affective aspects, which are marked by an increase in the quality of discussions, understanding of concepts, and active participation in learning activities.

Questions with a high level of thinking level or what is often referred to as HOTS usually provide unusual word choices and require advanced vocabulary and/or appropriate contextual understanding of the meaning of a word depending on its use in a sentence. In this problem, prepositions can also be classified as difficult questions because they are not only interpreted literally, but also require exposure to those words beforehand, especially in phrasal verbs or phrasal adjectives. The purpose of the HOTS model questions is to encourage students to do high-level reasoning so that they are not fixated on only one pattern of answers resulting from the memorization process, without knowing the concept of knowledge. HOTS is one of the skills demands in 21st century learning, namely critical, creative, collaborative, and communicative thinking. HOTS questions make it possible to create the same type of questions, but with different questions. This aims to capture quality students who are in accordance with the development of information technology in the digital era. By familiarizing yourself with challenging questions, your potential can also be encouraged to further develop.  

This research aims to determine the effect of outdoor study-based problem-based learning on high school students' critical thinking abilities on respiratory system material. This research methodology uses quantitative methods with a quasi-experimental type. The research population was class XI high school students with a sample size of 86 students. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation and written tests. Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of the research show that the average critical thinking ability of students in the experimental class taught using the outdoor study-based Problem Based Learning learning model is in the high category and the average critical thinking ability of students in the control class taught using the conventional learning model is low, this is based on the average posttest score from the experimental class, namely 80.22 and the control class, namely 55.95. The results of hypothesis testing using Independent Sample t-test statistics show that there is an influence of the outdoor study-based problem based learning model on the results of students' critical thinking abilities in the material on the human respiratory system Class XI Science SMA Brigjen Katamso 2 Medan.

This research was carried out to provide support for learning that develops technology in the learning process of students in schools, especially vocational schools, in order to overcome the low effectiveness of practical learning skills that has occurred in productive subjects. The aim of this research is to prepare an electronic practical worksheet (Jobsheet) that can be proven to be practical, valid & effective in improving students' practical learning skills in vocational schools. This research uses the applied Research and Development method. The target of this research is class X students at An Nur Vocational School. Those related to this research are: material, media and language experts. This research has produced valid, practical and effective products in the development of portfolio-based problem based learning to improve critical thinking skills and democratic attitudes. to improve critical thinking skills and democratic attitudes. Validation from material experts obtained a value of 87.2, media experts 87.1 and language experts 88.3 so that the product developed was in the very valid category, with a practicality level of 83.4 classified as very practical, and effective in improving product assembly with a calculated value > ttable, namely 16.491 > 2.015 or < 0.05.

The purposes of this research are 1) to determine students' critical thinking skills without using the Discovery Learning learning model in Civics class VI MIN 12 Medan City, 2) to determine students' critical thinking skills using the Discovery Learning learning model in Civics class VI MIN 12 City Medan, 3) to determine the significant effect of the Discovery Learning learning model on students' critical thinking skills in Civics learning at MIN 12 Medan City. The research methodology uses a quantitative approach with the type of Quasy Experiment in the form of Nonequivalent Control Group Design. This research was conducted at MIN 12 Medan City, Medan Tembung District. The sample in this study consisted of 2 classes, namely the experimental class and the control class. Collecting data in this study used the results of pre-test and post-test essay questions. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive, normality test, homogeneous test and Wilcoxon test. The results of this study show 1) the results of students' critical thinking without the application of the Discovery Learning model obtain an average posttest score of 75.77. 2) The results of students' critical thinking applied to the Discovery Learning model obtained an average posttest score of 78.27. This shows that there is a significant influence on the learning model media Discovery Learning on students' critical thinking skills. This is evidenced by the results of the Wilcoxon test with an asymp.Sig value of 0.000 <0.05, which means that there is a change in the average of the two paired samples, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected.

This research is research by IAIN Ponorogo students conducted by the KPM 19 group in Bungkuk village, Parang, Magetan. This KPM aims to be media for learning, practice, and society. Understanding of students in managing human resources to improve the quality and critical thinking patterns of each individual so that they become good individuals. The method used is the asset-based community development (ABCD) method. The ABCD approach involves five steps, including the processes of discovery, dreaming, planning, determining, and implementing. For this reason, it aims to provide character and activities that are beneficial to the community. Based on the potential according to initial observations, inviting Bungkuk Village youths to participate in enlivening the mosque in their respective hamlets because of the potential, to increase the sympathy of Bungkuk Tiga Village youth towards the mosque in their respective hamlets, it's not just congregational prayers, but work programs that have been prepared by the BKM Mosque Welfare Board, in order to increase youth togetherness to revive youth youth organizations that have been passive.

The purpose of this research is to find out the comparison of Inquiry and Problem Based Learning learning models on critical thinking skills in terms of students' learning interests. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 5 Sandai. This research was a quantitative experiment with the type of quasi-experimental design (quasi-experimental) research. The design of this study followed the research paradigm flow of Randomized Only Control Group Design where the subjects taken were grouped into two groups, namely experiment I and experimental group II. In this study, the samples were VIII grade students consisting of VIII A and VIII B classes. Experimental class 1, VIII A consisted of 30 students and experimental class 2, VIII B consisted of 30 students. The data collection tools used in this study were response questionnaires and tests of critical thinking skills in the form of essay questions. The results of the analysis of variance of the two cell paths are not the same indicating that there are differences in critical thinking skills between students with high, medium and low interest in learning. Based on the post-anava test with the Scheffe method, the value of F_(.1-.2) = 0.7374; F_(.1-.3) = 6.7540; F_(.2-.3) = 1.4279; DK = {F│F<3.168}. From the results of the calculation of the two-way analysis of variance with unequal cells, the value of F_ab=1.576<F_(0.05;2;54)=3.16 means that H_0AB is accepted so that there is no interaction between the learning model and learning interest on students' critical thinking skills.

Many studies have described meta-analysis on the overall effect of e-learning influence in learning. However, there has been no meta-analysis of the overall effect of STEM-based e-learning on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS).  The purpose of this study investigates the effect of STEM-based e-learning on students' critical thinking skills in Indonesia. This type of research is a Systematic Literature Review (SL) and meta-analysis. Data sources came from 10 national and international journals published in 2018-2023. The process of searching for data sources through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Eric, and Springer. Data analysis used the Hedge formula to calculate effect size with the help of the JSAP application. The findings show that the effect size value (ES = 0.793) is medium. This explains that STEM-based e-learning provides a very high positive impact and is effective in improving students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Furthermore, HOTS characteristics do not cause heterogeneity in the results of STEM-based e-learning research on students' Higher Order Thinking Skills. The findings suggest that educators should choose STEM-based e-learning as one of the learning models to improve students' Higher Order Thinking skills in Indonesia.

This study examines the influence of civic knowledge, civil skills, and citizen involvement on legal awareness among students. Legal awareness is an essential aspect of citizenship, as it enables individuals to understand their rights, responsibilities, and the legal system governing their society. The research aims to explore how civic knowledge, civil skills, and citizen involvement contribute to the development of legal awareness among students. The study employs a quantitative research design and collects data through a survey questionnaire administered to a sample of students from various educational institutions. The questionnaire includes items that measure the participants' levels of civic knowledge, civil skills, citizen involvement, and legal awareness. Statistical analysis techniques such as correlation and regression analyses are used to examine the relationships between these variables. The findings reveal significant positive associations between civic knowledge, civil skills, citizen involvement, and legal awareness among students. Higher levels of civic knowledge are correlated with increased legal awareness, indicating that a solid understanding of civic principles, institutions, and democratic processes contributes to a better comprehension of legal rights and obligations. Similarly, possessing civil skills, such as critical thinking,problem-solving,and effective communication, positively influences legal awareness. These findings underscore the importance of civic education programs that focus on enhancing civic knowledge, civil skills, and citizen involvement to promote legal awareness among students. Such programs can be integrated into school curricula, extracurricular activities, and community initiatives to foster active citizenship and empower young individuals to be informed and engaged participants in society

This research aimed at finding out the correlation between students’ critical thinking and their speaking skill. This research used quantitative method and a correlational research design. The sample of this research was 20 students who were taken from XI class of students of PPS ULYA RUMAH QURAN NW LOMBOK in the academic year of 2023 - 2024. The sample was taken by Purposive Sampling Technique. The instruments of this research were questionnaire and public speaking test. The result of this research showed there is negative correlation between their critical thinking and speaking skill. Based on the data analyzed by using SPSS, the researcher found that the coefficient correlation was 0.128. Therefore the significance of students’ critical thinking and their speaking skill is at the rate of 0.590, which means the significant value smaller than 0.05 (0.590 > 0.05).

The application of problem based learning methods requires students to have active learning and critical thinking skills, where these abilities are factors that can affect students' GPA. This study aims to determine the relationship between active learning and critical thinking with the GPA of students of the Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malikussaleh. This study was an observational analytic study using a cross sectional approach. Statistical analysis using the Spearman test. Sampling in this study using total sampling with a total of 274 students who have met the inclusion and exclusion requirements. The results of the univariate analysis of ability active learning and critical thinking of all respondents at the most at the ambivalent level of 262 respondents (95.6%), followed by high measurement results of 8 respondents (2.9%) and low measurement results of 4 respondents (1.5%). Icumulative achievement indexAll respondents were found at a very satisfactory level of 209 respondents (76.6%). GPA with praise of 50 respondents (18.3%). Satisfactory GPA of 14 respondents (5.1%). Bivariate statistical analysis get p value <0.05. The conclusion of this studythere is a relationship between active learning and critical thinking with the GPA of students of the Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malikussaleh.

Critical thinking is one of the skills that is needed in today's digital era because in the future students are required to have a way of thinking that is more sensitive to diversity. Thus, the purpose of this research is to identify in depth the effect of STEM-based PBL learning model on critical thinking skills through literature study. This research uses the literature review method and bibliographic analysis. In the literature review method, collecting information which was then reduced until three samples of articles were reviewed. In bibliography analysis, collecting data with the help of Publish or Perish software with many 199 articles, in ris file format, and then visualized by VOSviewer. The results showed that the STEM-based PBL model was able to improve the critical thinking skills of high school students.