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This study aims to: 1) describe the classical interpretation of QS. An-Nisa' [4]:9, particularly the concept of protecting descendants (khaufu 'ala al-dzurriyah); 2) explain the moral message of QS. An-Nisa' [4]:9 regarding parental responsibility through Abdullah Saeed's contextual hermeneutical framework; 3) demonstrate how a reinterpretation of QS. An-Nisa' [4]:9 can provide a new, more positive, and more balanced perspective on the childfree phenomenon in contemporary society. This research adopts a qualitative method grounded in library research. The data sources include classical and contemporary tafsir works, the writings of Abdullah Saeed, thematic literature on family studies, and academic references discussing the modern emergence of the childfree phenomenon. The analysis applies a contextual hermeneutical approach that emphasizes reading the Qur'anic verse through its historical setting, universal moral values, and relevance to contemporary social realities. This approach enables an integrated understanding between the fundamental message of the verse and present-day ethical challenges. The findings reveal that classical interpretations of QS. An-Nisa' [4]:9 focuses on the protection of orphans and the obligation to prevent descendants from falling into states of weakness. The moral message of the verse, viewed through Abdullah Saeed's framework, directs attention to the heavy moral responsibility of raising children, which requires comprehensive readiness. The reinterpretation of the verse highlights that the childfree choice does not inherently conflict with Islamic values, as this decision may arise from moral responsibility to avoid producing descendants who may be at risk of weakness, as warned in the verse. This perspective encourages society to view childfree choices more positively and aligns them with the Qur'anic objective of safeguarding the well-being and strength of future generations.

This study evaluates public sentiment toward Constitutional Court Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 regarding the age limit for presidential and vice-presidential candidates, a controversial issue closely related to Indonesia’s democratic dynamics. Understanding public opinion on Twitter, as a major platform for political expression, is essential for informing electoral policy formulation. Data were collected using Tweet Harvest through Google Colab and analyzed using the Naïve Bayes algorithm as the primary sentiment classification method, with RapidMiner employed to support and streamline the analytical process. The analysis process included data cleaning, text normalization, stopword removal, manual labeling of 80 tweets as training data, and automatic sentiment classification to identify positive and negative sentiments. From a total of 151 analyzed tweets, 84 (55.63%) were classified as negative and 67 (44.37%) as positive, with the model achieving an accuracy of 66.67%. These findings suggest a tendency toward public opposition to the decision, reflecting dissatisfaction among Twitter users. The study demonstrates that Naïve Bayes is reasonably effective for sentiment classification with limited datasets and provides insights for policymakers in understanding public responses to election-related regulations.

Islamic boarding schools (Islamic boarding schools) are required to integrate classical scholarly traditions and modern education, one way of doing this is through the integration of the study of yellow books (tahfidzul Qur'an) and Qur'an memorization (tahfidzul Qur'an). The Baitul Abidin Darussalam Wonosobo Tahfidzul Qur'an Islamic Boarding School implements an integrative learning system to balance Qur'an memorization and understanding of Islamic law (shari'a). However, it still faces obstacles such as a tight schedule, different methods, and weak coordination and evaluation. This study examines the implementation patterns, challenges, and impacts of this system, with the hope of serving as a reference for developing a balanced and sustainable model of Islamic boarding school education. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design to understand in-depth the implementation of the integrative learning system between Qur'an memorization and the study of yellow books (tahfidzul Qur'an) at the Baitul Abidin Darussalam Wonosobo Islamic Boarding School (PPTQ). Subjects were selected purposively, including the boarding school administrator, tahfidz teachers, yellow book teachers, and students. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies. Data analysis was conducted interactively using the Miles and Huberman model, which encompasses data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification to obtain a holistic and contextual understanding. The discussion shows that the integrative learning system in Islamic boarding schools is implemented through a balanced daily schedule between Quran memorization and yellow book study, allowing memorization, understanding, and moral development to occur simultaneously within the students' daily routines. Integration is achieved structurally through scheduling, methodologically by linking verse memorization with book study, and culturally through the instillation of values, etiquette, and pesantren traditions. The success of integration is supported by the exemplary behavior of the kiai (Islamic teachers) and ustadz (Islamic teachers), the religious environment, and the motivation and discipline of the students, despite challenges such as busy schedules, physical exhaustion, differences in student abilities, and limited facilities. The impact of implementing this system is seen in the improved quality of contextual memorization, a more critical understanding of the scriptures, the formation of disciplined and moral character, and the holistic spiritual development of students.

The management of kWh meter replacement data at PLN ULP Ampera Palembang is still largely handled through manual recording, which often causes data inconsistencies and delays in monitoring activities. This study aims to design an information system that supports the monitoring of kWh meter replacement data based on actual user needs. The research applies a descriptive qualitative method using the User Centered Design (UCD) approach, where users are actively involved throughout the design process. The stages include understanding the work context, identifying user requirements, developing system design solutions, and evaluating the proposed design. The outcome of this research is a kWh meter data monitoring system design that is expected to facilitate data management, improve accuracy, and support more efficient monitoring processes.

This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the Heart Sutra within the framework of Humanistic Buddhism, especially for students of Buddhist religious education. The main problem lies in the limited understanding of the relevance of the Heart Sutra to humanistic values ​​in the context of modern life. This study aims to explain the relevance of the Heart Sutra teachings in building applicable spiritual, ethical, and social awareness. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach through text analysis and academic literature review. Data were obtained from primary sources in the form of translations of the Heart Sutra and secondary sources including journals, books, and scientific articles related to Humanistic Buddhism. The results of the study show that the teachings of sunyata (emptiness) in the Heart Sutra not only have profound philosophical meaning, but also provide practical implications in everyday life. The Heart Sutra is able to strengthen the philosophical foundation of Humanistic Buddhism, foster an attitude of compassion, wisdom, and tolerance, and serve as a relevant ethical guideline in facing the dynamics and challenges of modern society.

Social Studies (IPS) learning at the elementary school level plays a strategic role in shaping students’ understanding of social, cultural, and economic life, as well as national values. This study aims to analyze the differences between the 2013 Curriculum and the Merdeka Curriculum in IPS learning, including planning, implementation, the use of methods and media, and the assessment of learning outcomes. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study, collecting data from curriculum documents, lesson plans (RPP), syllabi, classroom observations, interviews with teachers and school principals, and student questionnaires. The results indicate that the 2013 Curriculum provides a clear learning structure, detailed lesson plans, and systematic material organization that facilitates teachers, but it is less flexible and less contextualized for students. In contrast, the Merdeka Curriculum emphasizes flexibility, relevance of content to the local context, innovative methods such as project-based learning and blended learning, as well as holistic assessment focusing on critical thinking skills, social literacy, and student character. The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum can enhance students’ learning interest, active participation, understanding of social concepts, and social awareness; however, its effectiveness depends on teacher readiness, school support, facilities, and consistency in assessment. These findings suggest that selecting an appropriate IPS curriculum should consider a balance between structure and flexibility, content relevance, teacher competence, and supporting facilities.

This community service activity aims to improve the First Aid Awareness of students at SMAN 5 Tegal through health education and first aid simulation for accident management. The background of this program is based on the high potential for mild to moderate emergency incidents in the school environment, such as fainting, open wounds, nosebleeds, choking, and seizures, as well as the limited knowledge and practical skills of students in providing appropriate initial assistance. The implementation method consisted of three stages: preparation, delivery of health education using presentations and demonstrations, and hands-on simulation, followed by evaluation through knowledge assessment and skills observation. The participants were 54 students representing three grade levels. The expected outcomes of this activity include an improvement in students’ conceptual understanding and practical ability to perform first aid quickly, correctly, and safely before professional medical help arrives. In addition, this program is expected to foster emergency responsiveness, increase students’ confidence in handling accident situations at school, and contribute to the development of a safer and more prepared school environment. The outputs of this activity include increased knowledge and skill scores, documented implementation, and publication of a community service article in a SINTA-indexed journal.

This study aims to systematically analyze the implementation of formative and summative assessments in Grade IV Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SDN 2 Konda within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design to obtain an in-depth and contextual understanding of classroom assessment practices. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with teachers, the principal, and parents, as well as an analysis of curriculum documents and various assessment instruments used throughout the learning process. The data were analyzed using thematic coding techniques supported by NVivo software, guided by the Formative Summative Continuum framework to examine the alignment and integration between both assessment types. The findings indicate that teachers have regularly implemented formative assessment through digital quizzes, direct observation, reflective discussions, and continuous feedback, which have increased student participation and strengthened competency mastery. Meanwhile, summative assessment was conducted at the end of the semester through written tests and project-based assignments; however, it still primarily emphasizes cognitive aspects and has not fully integrated formative assessment evidence. The study also identifies limitations in the use of multidimensional rubrics, continuous portfolio management, and meaningful parental involvement in the overall evaluation process.

Cassava is one of the strategic agricultural commodities in Indonesia, contributing significantly to national production, particularly in several major producing provinces. In addition to the challenge of declining harvested areas, cassava processing activities also generate agricultural waste that poses environmental risks. In Purwasari Village, Dramaga Subdistrict, Bogor Regency, household-scale cassava processing industries produce solid waste in the form of cassava peels, which are not optimally managed and are commonly discarded in the surrounding environment. This cassava waste has the potential to cause environmental pollution, unpleasant odours, and negative impacts on public health. One sustainable alternative for managing this cassava waste is the use of cassava peels as a raw material for composting. This study aimed to identify problems associated with cassava peel waste and to assess members of the Taruna Tani Millennial Farmer Group's interest in compost production using cassava peels. The research was conducted from December 2024 to June 2025 using a community-based assistance approach. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires involving 20 respondents. The results showed that the main problems associated with cassava peel waste include waste accumulation, limited processing facilities, and low community awareness. Farmers’ interest in cassava peel composting was generally categorized as high, with an average score of 77%, although several indicators remained at a moderate level. Extension activities and hands-on demonstrations were proven to enhance farmers’ understanding, interest, and participation. With sustained educational support and adequate facilities, the use of cassava peel compost has strong potential to promote environmentally friendly, sustainable agricultural waste management.

This study aims to identify, analyze, and describe in depth the types of coordinating verbal phrases (FV) and subordinating verbal phrases (FV) contained in Detik.com news texts published in September 2025. Based on the fundamental role of language as a means of communication and social interaction (syntax), the object of research is focused on FV as a grammatical unit that has a verb core and functions as a predicate. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a syntactic theoretical approach. Data collection was carried out through the technique of listening and taking notes on Detik.com news texts, while data analysis was applied using the distribution method, where the determining tool comes from the linguistic elements themselves. The results of the study showed the discovery of a total of 13 verbal phrases divided into 3 coordinating FVs and 10 subordinating FVs (including the patterns Adv + V, V + Adv, V + Adj, and V + N). In detail, 3 coordinating FVs, 3 FVSs with Adv + V pattern, 2 FVSs with V + Adv pattern, 2 FVSs with V + Adj pattern, and 3 FVSs with V + N pattern were found. This finding emphasizes the importance of understanding phrase structure in maintaining clarity of meaning. This research is expected to improve readers' literacy understanding and serve as a scientific reference for similar linguistic studies.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the At-Turats Book Study Program using the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model to provide an overview of the program’s relevance, resource readiness, implementation, and outcomes. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The results show that in terms of context, the study of classical texts meets the needs of the santri and aligns with the vision of Ma’had Al-Jami’ah, which aims to deepen religious and cultural understanding. In terms of input, the program is supported by qualified instructors and representative classical reference books, although there are still limitations in the number of teachers, the varying abilities of the santri, and supporting facilities. Regarding the process, the study is carried out using the halaqah method with a bandongan approach, which is relatively consistent, although the participation and interaction of the santri are limited. Some santri are still hesitant to engage actively in discussions, which can reduce the effectiveness of learning. In terms of product, the program has a positive impact, including an improvement in religious understanding, the development of more moderate and tolerant religious attitudes, and enhanced ability to comprehend classical texts among some of the santri. Overall, the program has achieved its main objectives but still requires improvement in terms of facilities and interaction during the learning process.

The rapid development of digital technology has brought significant changes to social life, particularly among university students as an educated group and agents of change. On the one hand, digital spaces provide opportunities for freedom of expression and public participation; on the other hand, they also present various challenges related to Human Rights (HR), such as privacy violations, the spread of hate speech, disinformation, and cyberbullying. These conditions highlight the importance of strengthening students’ capacity to ensure they possess adequate understanding and awareness of human rights values in the digital era. This community service article aims to enhance students’ human rights awareness through capacity-building activities conducted within the university environment. The service method was implemented through educational activities in the form of seminars, material presentations, and interactive discussions addressing fundamental human rights concepts, digital ethics, privacy protection, and responsible freedom of expression.The results of the activities indicate an increase in students’ understanding and awareness of human rights issues in the digital era, as well as the development of more critical and ethical attitudes in utilizing digital spaces. This initiative also strengthened the synergy between higher education institutions and the government in promoting human rights awareness among students. Overall, this community service activity makes a positive contribution to strengthening students’ capacity to face human rights challenges in the digital era.

This research investigates intelligent cooling system design for main ship engines operating in tropical waters, integrating advanced machinery engineering with human factors to address thermal management challenges affecting engine performance, reliability, and crew operational effectiveness. Tropical maritime environments impose severe cooling demands through elevated seawater temperatures (28-32°C), high ambient conditions (28-35°C), and accelerated biofouling, reducing conventional cooling system effectiveness by 15-25% while increasing maintenance burdens and operational risks. Through qualitative analysis involving marine engineers, chief engineers with tropical operational experience, cooling system manufacturers, naval architects, automation specialists, and maritime training institutions, this study examines how intelligent cooling systems incorporating variable-speed pumps, adaptive control algorithms, predictive maintenance, and crew-centered interfaces can optimize thermal management while supporting effective human-machine collaboration. Results demonstrate that intelligent systems can reduce cooling energy consumption by 20-35%, improve temperature stability by 50-65%, extend maintenance intervals by 40-80%, and enhance crew situational awareness through intuitive monitoring interfaces, while requiring comprehensive training programs developing technical understanding and operational competencies. Key implementation challenges include control system complexity, sensor reliability in harsh marine environments, integration with existing engine management platforms, crew competency development requirements, and lifecycle cost justification. Findings reveal that successful intelligent cooling system implementation requires holistic sociotechnical approach addressing machinery engineering optimization, automation technology deployment, and human capability development through coordinated design and training strategies. This research contributes to marine engineering literature by providing integrated frameworks for intelligent system design incorporating machinery performance, automation capabilities, and human factors supporting operational excellence in tropical maritime operations.

News texts are a systematic way of conveying information that contains declarative and imperative sentences used to convey meaning directly and demonstrate the persuasive value of the news. The research goals are to analyze imperative sentences to understand how commands, requests, prohibitions, or invitations are conveyed so that they can influence the actions or responses of readers, as well as to analyze declarative sentences, which play an important role in constructing discourse structure and indicating the writer's position on the topic being discussed. This study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. This method was chosen because it can describe what is seen, heard, felt, and asked. The researcher considers qualitative descriptive research to accurately describe a situation without manipulating variables.  This research concludes that imperative sentences elicit responses in the form of agreement and action, or rejection, either directly or indirectly. Meanwhile, declarative sentences serve as a guide or basis for understanding the context the speaker wishes to convey and can also be used to reinforce previously conveyed information to avoid ambiguity and misunderstanding when examining the meaning. This research is expected to be useful in linguistic studies, more specifically in syntactic material that discusses declarative and imperative sentences in news texts and political discourses.

Tobacco is a leading commodity that forms the foundation of the rural economy, but its cultivation faces challenges in the form of labour intensity, significant capital requirements, and farmers' lack of understanding of systematic cost structures. This study aims to analyse the production cost structure and evaluate the economic efficiency of tobacco farming managed by the Batu Daun Farmer Group in Batuan Village, Sumenep Regency. The research method used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews with the head of the farmer group, field observations, and analysis of financial documents as secondary data. The analysis focused on identifying fixed and variable costs, as well as evaluating economic performance using the Break Even Point (BEP) and Revenue-Cost Ratio (R/C) indicators. The results showed that the total production cost was IDR 28,597,500 (fixed costs of IDR 3,450,000 and variable costs of IDR 25,147,500) for the production of 2,800 kg of tobacco with a gross income of IDR 70,000,000. The R/C ratio value of 2.44 (>1) indicates that the business is operating efficiently and profitably, while the BEP of 215.4 kg shows that actual production far exceeds the break-even point, meaning that the business is in an economically safe zone. The results of the study conclude that the tobacco farming business of the Batu Daun Farmer Group is economically viable and efficient.

This study aims to analyze and identify various types of phrases found in educational opinion texts published on the Pundi.or.id website, 2025 edition. The research is based on the importance of syntactic understanding, particularly the use of phrases, in constructing effective and meaningful sentence structures in opinion texts. A qualitative descriptive method was applied using the observation and note-taking technique. The data were collected by examining, recording, and classifying different types of phrases, including nominal, verbal, adjectival, numerical, and adverbial phrases. The findings reveal that each type of phrase functions differently in shaping sentence meaning and enhancing the clarity of the writer’s arguments. Nominal and verbal phrases were found to dominate the texts, indicating their significant role in presenting ideas and logical reasoning. This research contributes to the development of syntactic studies and provides practical benefits for teachers and students in learning Indonesian, especially in mastering sentence structure and improving opinion writing skills. Furthermore, the study serves as a reference for future linguistic research within the context of digital media and education.

This research is motivated by the importance of phrase analysis in syntactic studies for understanding the structure and relationships among components within Indonesian sentences. As grammatical units, phrases play a strategic role in shaping meaning, so they should be examined in terms of their constituent elements and their functions in the text. This study aims to analyze the use of adjectival phrases and prepositional phrases found in news texts. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with observing and note-taking techniques, supported by a syntactic theoretical approach. The findings show that there are twenty-five adjectival phrases and sixty-eight prepositional phrases identified in five news texts published on Tempo.com in August 2025. “lebih cepat” is one example of an adjectival phrase found in the texts, while “ke arah pendemo” is an example of a prepositional phrase. These findings indicate that Indonesian phrases have systematic formation patterns and complementary syntactic functions. This research serves as a useful reference for the development of syntactic studies, linguistic learning, and the analysis of phrase usage in various language contexts.

The global environmental crisis has had an impact on religious educational environments such as Islamic boarding schools. The phenomenon at Pondok Pesantren X Malang shows a gap between the normative knowledge of students about cleanliness and their actual behavior, such as the habit of littering. This study is based on the hypothesis that students' ecological awareness is formed through the interaction between knowledge, experience, and the social context in the pesantren. The research method uses an exploratory qualitative approach with a grounded research design through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation of six students aged 10–12 years. The results revealed three main themes: knowledge about trash (45%), irresponsible habits (34%), and active awareness (21%). These findings confirm that although santri have a fairly good initial understanding, behavioral change is still hindered by social habits. In conclusion, strengthening reflective education, the exemplary role of ustadz, and institutional support are crucial for building sustainable ecological awareness in Islamic boarding schools.

This study aims to analyze the use of digital media in the form of infographics to improve student learning outcomes in history lessons, specifically regarding the events of the national movement in the 11th grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah 07 Serbelawan in the 2024/2025 academic year. Along with technological advancements, the use of digital media is becoming increasingly popular in education as an alternative to improve student understanding and learning interest. One form of digital media used is infographics, which can simplify complex information into easier-to-understand information through engaging visual elements. The research method used was classroom action research (CAR), implemented in two cycles, with the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were 30 11th grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah 07 Serbelawan. Data collection techniques were conducted through tests, observations, and interviews. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the use of infographics in history lessons can improve student understanding and learning interest. Improved student learning outcomes were evident in improved test scores after the use of infographics, as well as increased student active participation in class discussions. Furthermore, students also responded positively to the use of this digital media because infographics presented information in a more engaging and easy-to-understand manner. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of digital media in the form of infographics can be effective in improving students' history learning outcomes, particularly in understanding the material on the national movement. Therefore, it is recommended that history teachers consider using infographics in their lessons to improve the quality of teaching and student learning outcomes.

This study aims to examine the role of mathematics education in building numerical literacy in elementary schools, as well as strategies that can be implemented to enhance students' numerical skills. Numerical literacy is a fundamental skill needed by students to understand, interpret, and use numerical information in daily life. The research method used is library research, reviewing various related literature, including books and recent scholarly journals in the field of mathematics education. The results show that the integration of technology, the use of contextual approaches, and collaborative learning are effective strategies in improving students' numerical literacy. Technology helps simplify the understanding of abstract concepts, while contextual and collaborative approaches make mathematics more relevant and applicable. The implications of these findings are the need for further development in teacher training to integrate technology in teaching and the importance of involving students in more interactive and contextual learning processes. This study also suggests further evaluation of the implementation of these strategies in various educational settings.