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This study discusses the architectural transformation of Pasar Johar Semarang before and after the major fire incident in 2015. Designed by architect Thomas Karsten, Pasar Johar holds significant historical and architectural values. The fire prompted a comprehensive revitalization of the market’s environment, site, and building while maintaining its original character. This research employs an architectural anatomy approach covering three main scopes: environment, site, and building, and uses a qualitative descriptive-analytical method through four stages: (1) documenting conditions before and after the fire, (2) classifying architectural elements, (3) comparing visual and structural transformations, and (4) drawing conclusions based on the analysis to evaluate the extent of the transformation. The results show that the revitalization made the area more organized, functional, and sustainable. Distinctive structures such as mushroom columns and drainage systems were preserved, while zoning and public spaces were reorganized to improve efficiency and comfort. This restoration not only improved physical aspects but also strengthened the market’s social function as a community interaction space. Pasar Johar now serves as an example of a traditional market that can adapt to modern urban challenges without losing its architectural identity and its potential as a sustainable economic and social hub.

The crime of genocide is related to ethnic or cultural extermination and also includes crimes against political groups because these groups are difficult to identify which will cause international problems in a country. The crime of genocide in international criminal law is an extraordinary crime and has become a prohibited act which was later stated in the 1948 Genocide Convention, the statute of the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the statute of the International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda (ICTR) and the 1998 Rome statute. This study aims to determine the crime of genocide experienced when viewed in International Law and how to resolve disputes over crimes of genocide under international law.This research uses doctrinal or juridical normative research. Sources of legal information use primary legal materials (regulations and related documents) for further qualitative analysis. The approach used is a conceptual approach, a statutory approach, and a case law approach in helping to solve the problem formulation. The results of the study stated that the main cause of the crime of genocide was motivated by the struggle for the rights of ethnic minorities and the existence of fanatical and racial religions that were shown in cultural discrimination. The crimes committed by the Myanmar government by the Rohingya Muslims constitute an international crime of genocide, because it has fulfilled several main elements, namely mass murder, discrimination against religious minorities, is carried out systematically, and aims to eliminate certain ethnic groups and groups.

Bingkat Village is one of the villages located in Pegajahan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province, with an area of 5.95 km2 or 595.96 hectares divided into 10 hamlets. Most of the land area in Bingkat Village is used as rice fields, which is 60.740% of the total land area and is used as fields and plantations of 26.830% of the total land area, so that the majority of heads of families in Bingkat Village are farmers. Healthy food is food that contains balanced nutrition, contains fiber and substances needed by the body for the child's growth and development process. Balanced nutrition can be useful as an energy substance, a regulator, and a building substance. Food also greatly affects children's digestion, so parents must be able to provide healthy food that can maintain children's digestion. So that it does not interfere with children's growth. Healthy food for digestion should be rich in nutritional elements such as carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and a little unsaturated fat, or more precisely abbreviated as the 4 healthy 5 perfect menu. Through this program by conveying about consuming Good and Healthy Nutritional and Nutritious Food. So that the community will avoid mistakes in choosing food and the negative impacts that may arise. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive research on survey methods through interviews.. Based on the results of research that has been conducted in Bingkat Village with a total of 19 respondents, 72% know about choosing nutritious and nutritious food and 28% know about food additives (BTM), then the level of community knowledge about nutritious and nutritious food is higher compared to the level of community knowledge about food additives (BTM).

This study examines the social and cultural values in the drama script Gerbong by Agam Wispi through a literary anthropology approach. The research is grounded in the role of literature as a reflection of socio-cultural values, with Gerbong selected for its rich portrayal of post-revolution Indonesian societal dynamics, which has yet to be holistically analyzed from an anthropological perspective. The aim is to identify the manifestations of socio-cultural values through dramatic structures such as dialogue, characterization, and conflict. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, analyzing narrative and symbolic elements within the script. Findings reveal that social values are reflected in non-familial solidarity, critiques of revolutionary injustice, humanism amid adversity, and women’s resistance to stigmatization. Cultural values emerge through the gerbong (train carriage) as a metaphor for resilience, collective sacrifice, and a belief in independence preserved through oral traditions. Intergenerational conflicts between colonial and post-independence values highlight cultural dynamics in postcolonial transition. The study recommends integrating the script into educational curricula, exploring its performative dimensions, and conducting further interdisciplinary research on power relations and gender representation.

The digital transformation has redefined how Christian leaders fulfill their roles, shifting leadership from being solely grounded in physical presence to requiring adaptability in digital environments. This study explores the key factors that influence the multiplication of effective Christian leadership in the digital era, focusing on maintaining a balance between technological engagement and spiritual integrity. Using a qualitative approach based on literature review, the study identifies several crucial elements contributing to leadership effectiveness: strong digital communication skills, impactful online presence, structured online discipleship, and hybrid ministry models that integrate both virtual and in-person interactions. These factors help leaders reach wider audiences and foster community despite geographical barriers. However, the digital context also introduces new challenges, such as the risk of superficial spiritual relationships and the temptation to prioritize digital popularity over genuine spiritual growth. The findings highlight the need for Christian leaders to uphold their core values, authenticity, and moral responsibility in the face of technological advancement. By doing so, they can maintain trust, inspire their followers, and expand their ministry influence while navigating the complexities of a rapidly evolving digital landscape. This study concludes that the future of Christian leadership depends on leaders who are both digitally competent and spiritually grounded.

This article discusses citizenship status in Islamic law, focusing on case studies of Muslim minorities in non-Islamic countries, while considering the dynamics of national law and human rights. The research highlights that in Islamic law, citizenship is often associated with membership in the ummah, although modern Muslim states have adopted contemporary citizenship systems. Developments in Indonesian citizenship policies in the last five years, particularly concerning migration and the rights of foreign nationals married to Indonesian citizens, are also analyzed. However, the implementation of these policies faces challenges due to inconsistencies between national law and Islamic principles related to religious identity. The perspective of Islamic law emphasizes the safeguarding essential rights and human worth, in addition to fairness in the treatment of all individuals. The integration of muslim communities residing in western nations poses challenges in distinguishing the majority from extremist minorities. Additionally, equality, the liberty to make individual choices, and partnership are seen as key elements in shaping the societal lives of muslims across western regions. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between national laws and Islamic principles is needed to guarantee the safeguarding of the rights of muslim minorities worldwide.

The world of education has undergone a major shift as a result of advances in information and communication technology. This study compares conventional and digital learning methods for distance learning (PJJ) across the board, with the aim of finding out what is effective, what is not effective, and how the two methods affect student learning outcomes and experiences. Conventional learning, which relies on direct interaction between teachers and students, emphasizes elements such as giving feedback, easy to do, structured, and routine. It has the advantage of being able to facilitate direct interpersonal communication, provide intensive supervision and guidance, and create a competitive learning environment. However, this method has some limitations, especially in terms of time and space flexibility. It is also not able to meet the learning needs of individuals in large groups. On the other hand, digital learning offers greater flexibility, access to a wide range of educational resources, and increased interactivity through the use of online collaboration tools, e-learning platforms, and video conferencing. The use of technology allows learning content to be presented in a systematic, structured and engaging manner, increasing student motivation and participation. In addition, it allows materials to be tailored to each student's learning style and conditions, and supports collaborative and independent learning. Challenges include the possibility of misuse of technology, limited access in some areas, lack of direct social interaction, and reliance on digital infrastructure and capabilities. The research results indicate that digital learning generally enhances student learning outcomes more significantly compared to conventional learning, especially in terms of distance learning (PJJ). Digital strategies such as structured instructional design, integration of practical experiences, motivational support, and time management have been shown to improve student interaction, understanding, and independence. However, digital and conventional learning methods can complement each other to achieve optimal effectiveness. The application of these strategies not only boosts students' academic performance but also equips them with the essential skills to tackle future challenges. 

This study aims to analyze the representation of Pancasila values ​​in the painting Laskar Rakyat setting Siasat by Affandi. This painting is considered to have a strong philosophical meaning related to the struggle of the Indonesian people in maintaining independence. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach (library research), where data is obtained from various written sources such as books, scientific journals, articles, and related documents. The data collection technique is carried out through the documentation method, while the data obtained is analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify symbols, colors, and visual elements that reflect the values ​​of Pancasila. The results of the study show that the painting Laskar Rakyat setting Siasat represents the five values ​​of Pancasila. The value of Belief in the One Almighty God is seen in the slogan "Once Independent, Always Independent" which reflects the belief that independence is a gift from God. The value of Just and Civilized Humanity is seen in the solidarity of the fighters without distinguishing backgrounds. The value of Indonesian Unity is realized through the togetherness of the fighters who develop a joint strategy. The value of Democracy Led by the Wisdom of Deliberation and Representation is depicted in the discussion scene among the fighters. Finally, the value of Social Justice for All Indonesian People is reflected through the painting of simple war equipment that shows the struggle of the common people in maintaining independence. This study confirms that works of art, especially Affandi's paintings, are able to be an effective medium in conveying moral messages, values ​​of friendship, and the spirit of struggle.

This study examines how effective group counseling is in improving career maturity and decision-making of students and college students. Approaches such as Trait and Factor, CBT, and CIP as well as creative media such as career bags and IT support the service. The method used was a literature review. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze how effective group counseling services are in improving career readiness and maturity, as well as to determine its effect on learners' self-efficacy, decision-making, and problem-solving skills. The results showed that group counseling improved participants' career maturity, self-efficacy, and future planning, with a significant increase from pretest to posttest. The use of media and technology encouraged creativity and effectiveness of the services, although privacy and ethical issues still need to be addressed, especially for online services. In addition, external elements such as family and social environment influence. Therefore, group counseling-if conducted in a planned, flexible, sustainable, and appropriately evaluated manner-helps participants prepare for their careers.      

Surah An-Nahl verse 125, which reads "Invite (mankind) to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in the best way," is a strategic foundation for understanding the concept of da'wah management. This verse identifies three key elements: wisdom (hikmah), good instruction (mau'izhah hasanah), and arguing in the best way (mujadilah bil-lattif). This research analyzes these three elements in the context of tarbiyah methodology, and examines the relevance of this concept in modern da'wah practice. Furthermore, this research highlights how the principle of wisdom in da'wah, as explained in Surah An-Nahl verse 125, requires an operational elaboration so that da'is can effectively implement it in various da'wah activities, including tabligh. Tabligh, as a form of da'wah bil lisan, utilizes the ability to speak to convey da'wah material to the community with various techniques that are wise and in accordance with the principles of wisdom, with the aim of comprehensively understanding Islamic teachings.

As a result of rapid technological progress, increased competition, and the global opening of markets, local markets have been flooded with a large number of foreign products of superior quality compared to local products. This has exposed Iraqi economic units to numerous pressures for various reasons, most notably the high cost of their products and the low quality of their products. This requires these units to seek solutions that lead to the provision of a high-quality product capable of competing with foreign products in terms of price and quality, thereby achieving customer satisfaction. Therefore, the research aims to integrate the two techniques of Attribute Based Costing and process reengineering and to demonstrate their role in improving product quality. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are The weakness of the costing system applied at the research sample factory, its failure to accurately monitor and identify cost elements throughout the product lifecycle, and the management's lack of interest and awareness in implementing contemporary costing techniques and their role in improving the quality of its products, thus ensuring their sustainability. The integration of specifications-based costing with process reengineering technology has added substantial improvements to product specifications, aligning them with customer requirements and needs, and leading to improved product quality.

Teachers are one of the important elements in education in organizing educational achievements as mandated by the Constitution. Education as a conscious and planned effort to realize the learning process in order to develop potentials certainly requires teachers as facilitators and even the main component of the education process itself. The existence of teachers is also inseparable from the government's policy space. Qualitative research methods with descriptive analysis techniques aim to describe and summarize the phenomena studied through data collection from various sources, such as interviews, observations, and literature reviews. The policy of appointing honorary teachers to become ASN through the P3K scheme is basically a positive step that provides hope and recognition for educators who have served for a long time.

Accurate elevation determination is one of the crucial aspects in oil and gas exploration activities, especially in the planning and management of well areas. This study aims to identify and compare the elevation of the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) obtained from aerial photography with terrestrial measurements, and to convert Digital Surface Model (DSM) data into DTM. The urgency of this study is driven by the need for accurate, efficient, and economical mapping methods, as well as validation of the methods used in topographic mapping. Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is a virtual model that adds elements such as fault lines and observations to correct artifacts from the original data, while DSM includes the height of all objects on the ground surface. The results showed that the largest elevation value in the aerial photo DTM was 14.416 meters at point L06 and the smallest elevation value was 6.567 meters at point A46, with an average elevation of 13.716 meters. Meanwhile, the comparison results of DTM elevation of aerial photography with terrestrial measurements showed the largest difference of 5.513 meters at point A46 and the smallest difference of -2.682 meters at point L21, with an average difference of 0.072 meters. The level of vertical accuracy (Z) based on the LE90 value is 0.2076 meters, which meets the geometric accuracy standard of 1:1000 class 1 scale according to BIG Regulation Number 15 of 2014. The results of this comparison are also supported by a 3D model of DTM elevation of aerial photography. This study provides an important contribution to the validation and improvement of the efficiency of topographic mapping methods based on aerial photography, as well as providing an overview of the accuracy of the data produced.    

The era of digital transformation demands that the younger generation acquire technology-based entrepreneurship skills, or technopreneurship. However, in the context of Vocational High Schools (SMK), many students still lack understanding and skills in developing structured and applicable business models. This Community Service Program (PKM) was carried out to address this challenge, particularly at SMK Negeri 1 Mengwi, Badung, Bali, by leveraging local potential such as tourism and traditional culinary products. The training program focused on the use of the Business Model Canvas (BMC) as a visual tool for business planning, alongside the introduction of trending technologies such as digital marketing. The activities were implemented in four stages: pre-test, socialization, intensive training, business idea presentation, and post-test evaluation and reflection. A total of 36 students participated in this program. The results of the pre-test and post-test showed an increase in understanding of 53.85% in the aspect of technopreneurship and 58.33% in understanding the elements of the BMC. These findings indicate that practical and visual-based approaches are effective in fostering students’ strategic thinking, collaboration, and creativity in developing business ideas based on local potential and technology. This program also made a measurable and impactful contribution to strengthening vocational students' technopreneurship competencies

Technology always experiences changes along with the times, changes in technology have a dynamic nature so that new innovations can emerge to create a technology that facilitates human activities in various sectors of activity such as industry, agriculture, education, and no less the economic sector which feels the impact of existing technological developments. The manifestation of these technological developments in the economic sector, namely e- commerce applications in the form of Shopee, the application of these applications during the industrial revolution 4.0 is expected to have an impact on society and especially UMKM actors to further develop a more creative economy so that they can open up employment opportunities as a whole for all levels and community elements, besides that the presence of the Shopee application can provide a new idea for the community so that they can be more independent and not depend on the government. Nowadays, everything is digital, both in cities and villages, in this case the presence of the Shopee application can be a new step for village governments to be able to take advantage of this application to take advantage of developing the economy in villages by developing the existing UMKM sector by utilizing technology. The existing one is the Shoppe application. In this case Pakel Village together with the East Java KKNT 09 UPN Veterans group created an account on the Shopee application to integrate UMKM products in Pakel Village, Jombang Regency. more widely known by the community both outside Pakel Village and outside the City of Jombang, so that UMKM in Pakel Village are ready to compete and develop in the industrial era 4.0.

The use of digital media as a medium to communicate social messages is increasingly widespread, including in environmental conservation campaigns. One of the platforms used is YouTube, which allows messages to be delivered through a visual and narrative approach. However, not all content produced is able to present emotional impacts and environmental awareness effectively. The strategy for delivering messages is an important factor, especially through literary and visual expressions that can build emotional closeness with the audience. The Rekam Nusantara YouTube channel is an interesting example to study because it combines literary and visual elements in conveying the message of an environmental cleanliness campaign. This study aims to analyze the forms of literary and visual expressions used in the channel and how effective they are in building audience awareness. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, which systematically describes the characteristics of the content based on the data analyzed. Data were obtained through literature studies and analysis of video content published by the Rekam Nusantara channel. The results of the study show that this channel utilizes literary elements in the form of poetic narratives and a cinematic visual approach to move the emotions of the audience. However, the effectiveness of the campaign can still be improved by adjusting the theme to the local context and a more specific audience profile. These findings underscore the importance of a relevant and touching narrative-based content strategy to optimize the role of digital media in social and environmental campai.

Taekwondo is a martial arts sport that requires a combination of technique, tactics, and optimal physical condition to support athletes' performance. In the kyorugi category, components of physical conditions such as strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, and explosiveness are elements in determining the success of athletes in competitions. many athletes have not reached maximum performance due to the lack of targeted physical condition development. This study aims to analyze the needs of the physical condition components of taekwondo athletes in the kyorugi category in the Gresik Regency team. The research method used is an ex-post facto  with a descriptive approach. The research subjects consisted of 8 athletes, athletes with measurements including sit-up, abdominal rollers, single leg squats, splits, standing broad jumps, and multistage fitness tests. The results showed that physical components such as speed, abdominal muscle strength, leg strength, muscle explosiveness, core strength, and endurance had a significant influence on athlete performance. flexibility was not found to be the main distinguishing factor between medal-winning and non-medal-winning athletes. The conclusion of this study is that the development of training programs that focus on increasing strength, endurance, and explosiveness is essential to support the achievements of taekwondo athletes in the kyorugi category.

This paper examines the application of paraphrastic and analytical approaches in the appreciation of productive literature, especially for children's literature. Productive literary appreciation is important in fostering children's reading interest and creativity. The paraphrastic approach helps children re-express literary works in their own language, improving understanding and critical thinking skills. On the other hand, the analytical approach allows children to identify intrinsic and extrinsic elements in literary works, providing deeper insights. Through these two approaches, children are not only passive connoisseurs, but also active in creating and exploring new literary works. This paper explains the definition, characteristics, benefits, and examples of the application of both approaches in literary activities in elementary schools. It is hoped that by implementing this method, children can develop a better appreciation of literature and the moral values ​​contained therein, creating a productive and creative learning environment.    

This paper examines the application of paraphrastic and analytical approaches in the appreciation of productive literature, especially for children's literature. Productive literary appreciation is important in fostering children's reading interest and creativity. The paraphrastic approach helps children re-express literary works in their own language, improving understanding and critical thinking skills. On the other hand, the analytical approach allows children to identify intrinsic and extrinsic elements in literary works, providing deeper insights. Through these two approaches, children are not only passive connoisseurs, but also active in creating and exploring new literary works. This paper explains the definition, characteristics, benefits, and examples of the application of both approaches in literary activities in elementary schools. It is hoped that by implementing this method, children can develop a better appreciation of literature and the moral values ​​contained therein, creating a productive and creative learning environment.    

This study aims to see to what extent the use of the Ruangguru platform affects students' learning motivation in offline Indonesian language learning at the Indonesian Education University. Amid the rapid development of educational technology, it is important to understand the role of digital tools such as Ruangguru in the context of face-to-face learning. This study uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 102 students who have used Ruangguru and are at least 15 years old. The results show that most aspects of platform use are classified as low, but elements such as attractiveness of appearance, presentation of materials, and quality of learning videos are quite appreciated by users. Students' learning motivation is in the fairly high category, especially in terms of enthusiasm for learning and self-confidence in understanding the material. The habit of using the platform routinely is still relatively low. These findings indicate that Ruangguru has the potential to support offline learning motivation, but its effectiveness will be more pronounced if accompanied by direct direction from lecturers and more structured learning strategies.