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This study presents a machine learning approach for predicting the dimensions of microstrip antenna slots based on antenna performance parameters such as frequency, gain, directivity, return loss (S11), radiation efficiency, and VSWR. A two-phase methodology was employed. In the first phase, ten regression algorithms were evaluated, and Random Forest was identified as the most effective model based on Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and R-squared (R²) scores. In the second phase, hyperparameter tuning was conducted using Grid Search to further improve the model’s performance. The optimized Random Forest model demonstrated consistent improvements in predictive accuracy, with R² values increasing across all output variables. These results indicate that the combination of regression-based modeling and systematic hyperparameter tuning is effective for capturing complex relationships in antenna design tasks. The proposed approach offers a promising data-driven alternative for geometric prediction in microstrip antenna development, particularly when analytical models are insufficient.

This study investigates the influence of the Selena application’s service features on job satisfaction among sales personnel at PT Pegadaian Kanwil VII Denpasar, with the interest in using technology serving as a mediating variable. The research is motivated by the growing importance of digital applications in supporting operational performance and employee satisfaction, especially in the financial services sector. A quantitative causal research approach was employed to examine the relationships between the variables. Data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to respondents and supplemented with interviews to gain deeper insights. The sample consisted of 50 active sales personnel operating in the Bali region, selected using purposive sampling to ensure relevance to the research objectives. Data analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling with the Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method through the WarpPLS 8.0 application. This analytical approach was chosen because it is effective in testing complex causal relationships and mediation effects, even with relatively small sample sizes. The findings reveal that the service features of the Selena application have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Furthermore, the service features also exert a positive and significant influence on employees’ interest in using technology. The interest in using technology itself positively and significantly affects job satisfaction, confirming its role as an important factor in enhancing workplace outcomes. In addition, the mediation test results demonstrate that the interest in using technology significantly mediates the effect of service features on job satisfaction. These results highlight the importance of continuously improving application service features and fostering employees’ willingness to adopt technology to maximize job satisfaction and overall performance.

This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality on repurchase intention with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable at Pandan View Mandeh Resto. The study was conducted with a quantitative approach and used a causal associative design to explain the relationship between variables. The population in this study were all customers who had received services and consumed food and drinks at Pandan View Mandeh Resto within the past year, with a minimum age requirement of 17 years. The sample set was 130 respondents and was obtained through questionnaire distribution. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire instrument that had been prepared based on indicators from the research variables. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using the Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with the help of the Smart-PLS application. The analysis carried out included outer model testing (validity and reliability), inner model testing (relationships between latent variables), hypothesis testing, and mediation testing. The results showed that service quality has a positive and significant influence on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer satisfaction has been shown to have a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention. Furthermore, service quality also has a significant positive effect on repurchase intention. Mediation analysis shows that customer satisfaction acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between service quality and repurchase intention. This means that some of the influence of service quality on repurchase intention occurs through customer satisfaction, while others occur directly. These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining and improving service quality to create satisfaction, which in turn impacts customer loyalty.

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the influence of capital, labor, raw materials, and production processes on the income of woven cloth artisans in Klungkung Regency, Bali. The woven cloth industry in this region holds significant historical and cultural value, yet faces challenges in increasing productivity and income. The study employed a quantitative approach with an associative method, combining data collection techniques through direct observation, structured interviews, and secondary data collection from relevant government agencies. The study population consisted of 120 artisan groups, with a sample of 92 groups determined using simple random sampling. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics to map the general conditions of the respondents, and path analysis using SPSS software to identify direct and indirect relationships between variables. The results indicate that capital, labor, and raw materials positively and significantly influence woven cloth production volume. Furthermore, capital, labor, raw materials, and production simultaneously have a significant direct influence on artisan income, with raw materials emerging as the most dominant factor. These findings confirm that the availability of quality raw materials, the quantity and skills of the workforce, and capital adequacy play a central role in improving production performance and artisan welfare. In addition to direct influences, this study also found an indirect effect of capital, labor, and raw materials on income through the mediation of production variables. This suggests that efforts to improve production factors can automatically strengthen income, both directly and through increased production output. The study's recommendations include the need for policies that facilitate access to capital, workforce training, and a sustainable supply of raw materials to support the sustainability of the woven fabric industry as a vital component of the local creative economy and Bali's cultural heritage.

Baby massage is a form of multisensory stimulation that involves touch, movement, as well as auditory and visual stimuli, which is known to provide various physiological and psychological benefits for babies, including increased breastfeeding frequency. This study aims to determine the relationship between infant massage and the frequency of breastfeeding in babies aged 1–6 months in the working area of the Lambai Health Center, North Kolaka Regency. The type of research used is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique was carried out in total sampling, involving the entire population of infants aged 1–6 months who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection was carried out through observation and structured interviews with infant mothers, as well as recording breastfeeding frequencies before and after infant massage interventions. Data analysis uses relevant statistical tests to test the relationships between variables. The results showed a significant relationship between infant massage and increased breastfeeding frequency, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that infant massage had an effect on increasing breastfeeding activity in infants. The conclusion of this study is that infant massage has a positive relationship with the frequency of breastfeeding in infants aged 1–6 months. These findings support the use of infant massage as a simple but effective intervention in supporting breastfeeding success, especially in the early stages of life. This study recommends that the practice of infant massage can be socialized more widely to health workers and parents as part of the promotion of maternal and child health. The implementation of regular baby massage has the potential to improve the nutritional status and optimal growth and development of the baby.

Customer satisfaction is a crucial factor in determining the success and sustainability of a business. Satisfaction can be enhanced through various strategic approaches, such as effective promotional activities, competitive pricing, and consistent product quality to meet or even exceed consumer expectations. This study aimed to determine the effect of promotion, price, and product quality on customer satisfaction at Bananamoo Kediri. This study employed a quantitative method, collecting data through distributing questionnaires to 25 respondents selected using accidental sampling, namely consumers who happened to come and were willing to be sampled. The collected data were then analyzed using multiple linear regression to test partial and simultaneous relationships between variables. The results showed that promotion significantly influenced customer satisfaction, indicating that the better the promotional strategy implemented, the higher the level of consumer satisfaction. Similarly, price had a partially significant effect, indicating that consumers tend to be satisfied if the price offered is commensurate with the quality and benefits of the product. Product quality was also shown to have a partially significant effect on customer satisfaction, underscoring the importance of consistent quality in maintaining consumer trust. Simultaneously, the three independent variables—promotion, price, and product quality—had a positive effect on customer satisfaction. This finding is supported by the coefficient of determination (R²) of 80.3%, indicating that variations in customer satisfaction (Y) can be explained by the three variables (X) together, while the remainder is influenced by other factors outside this study. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of managing a balanced marketing strategy to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty.

In addition to improving interpersonal communication skills, this training also emphasized the importance of strategic communication in the context of advocacy and social mobilization. NGO administrators were trained to design campaign messages tailored to audience segments, including potential donors, corporate partners, and government stakeholders. An understanding of the importance of framing and emotional appeal was also emphasized, so that the messages delivered were not only informative but also able to inspire empathy and concrete action from the audience. During the training process, participants were also equipped with a basic understanding of digital communication, particularly in utilizing social media platforms as a tool to expand the reach of messages. Creative content strategies, effective posting scheduling, and the use of visual storytelling were introduced so that NGO administrators could build a positive image of their institutions in the digital space. These skills are crucial considering that the dynamics of public communication today are influenced by the speed and reach of social media.The positive impact of this activity was felt not only individually, but also institutionally.The NGO "Kakak Asuh" began to show an increase in public engagement through social media, an increase in the number of new volunteers, and the opening of opportunities for partnerships with external parties. This demonstrates that persuasive communication is not merely a means of conveying a message, but also a strategy for building strong, credible, and sustainable relationships with the wider community. Going forward, the sustainability of this training program is designed through a system of ongoing mentoring and support. This approach is expected to strengthen the implementation of the communication strategies learned and enable a comprehensive transformation of organizational communication. Thus, this PKM activity will not only have a short-term impact but also build a solid communication foundation to support the NGO's social mission in the future.

In addition to improving interpersonal communication skills, this training also emphasized the importance of strategic communication in the context of advocacy and social mobilization. NGO administrators were trained to design campaign messages tailored to audience segments, including potential donors, corporate partners, and government stakeholders. An understanding of the importance of framing and emotional appeal was also emphasized, so that the messages delivered were not only informative but also able to inspire empathy and concrete action from the audience. During the training process, participants were also equipped with a basic understanding of digital communication, particularly in utilizing social media platforms as a tool to expand the reach of messages. Creative content strategies, effective posting scheduling, and the use of visual storytelling were introduced so that NGO administrators could build a positive image of their institutions in the digital space. These skills are crucial considering that the dynamics of public communication today are influenced by the speed and reach of social media.The positive impact of this activity was felt not only individually, but also institutionally.The NGO "Kakak Asuh" began to show an increase in public engagement through social media, an increase in the number of new volunteers, and the opening of opportunities for partnerships with external parties. This demonstrates that persuasive communication is not merely a means of conveying a message, but also a strategy for building strong, credible, and sustainable relationships with the wider community. Going forward, the sustainability of this training program is designed through a system of ongoing mentoring and support. This approach is expected to strengthen the implementation of the communication strategies learned and enable a comprehensive transformation of organizational communication. Thus, this PKM activity will not only have a short-term impact but also build a solid communication foundation to support the NGO's social mission in the future.

This study explores the integration of indigenous spiritual knowledge into modern environmental ethics, focusing on the role of traditional ecological wisdom, spiritual cosmology, and stewardship practices in promoting sustainability. Indigenous worldviews often emphasize the interconnectedness between humans, the spirit world, and nature, viewing these relationships as sacred and reciprocal. This paper highlights the philosophical contributions of indigenous environmental ethics, which contrast with Western anthropocentric frameworks, offering a more holistic, spiritual, and culturally embedded perspective on ecological stewardship. Through a qualitative comparative approach, the study examines indigenous practices such as those found in the Anishinaabe philosophy of mino-mnaamodzawin and the Sarnaism faith of the Oraon community, demonstrating how spiritual connections to nature foster a deep sense of responsibility and environmental ethics. Additionally, the study discusses the challenges of integrating indigenous spiritual principles into Western academic and policy frameworks, including issues of cultural appropriation and the preservation of traditional knowledge. The research further explores potential strategies for collaboration, emphasizing community-driven approaches that respect and incorporate indigenous knowledge into global environmental governance. This integration can lead to more inclusive and sustainable environmental practices that honor both ecological balance and cultural heritage. The findings suggest that indigenous spiritual knowledge offers essential insights into creating a more sustainable and ethical approach to environmental challenges, providing a model for future policy development and global ecological strategies.

This training aims to enhance the skills of students at SMK Pangeran Antasari in using Microsoft Access as a tool for data processing. In today's digital era, mastering database software is a crucial competency, especially for vocational school students who are being prepared to enter the workforce. The training methods included lectures, demonstrations, and hands-on practice using a participatory approach. The materials covered an introduction to databases, table creation, relationships between tables, queries, forms, and basic reporting. The results of the training indicated an improvement in students' understanding and ability to process data using Microsoft Access. Through this program, students are expected to gain practical knowledge in managing data systematically and efficiently, as well as applying it in academic tasks and real-world industry settings.

This corpus-based study explores the acquisition patterns of English modal verbs by Indonesian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners through a comprehensive analysis of learner language data. The study utilizes a specialized learner corpus consisting of 2.5 million words drawn from both written and spoken productions of 450 Indonesian learners, covering various proficiency levels. The research focuses on examining the frequency patterns, semantic distributions, and error types associated with modal verb usage across the learner corpus. The study employs a combination of quantitative corpus linguistic methods and qualitative error analysis to uncover developmental trends and persistent difficulties in acquiring English modals. The findings highlight a significant underuse of epistemic modality, which expresses degrees of certainty, and an overreliance on core modals like "can," "will," and "must." Additionally, learners systematically avoid more complex modal constructions that are semantically nuanced and less frequent in their linguistic output. The analysis also reveals notable cross-linguistic influences from Indonesian, particularly in the areas of politeness marking and the expression of certainty. These interference patterns suggest that Indonesian learners may transfer modal expressions from their native language, leading to specific errors in the usage of English modals. Based on the findings, the study proposes a usage-based pedagogical framework that integrates corpus-informed instruction with explicit semantic mapping of modal meanings. This framework encourages teachers to address modal verb acquisition by emphasizing frequency-based approaches, contrastive semantic analysis, and corpus-driven awareness-raising activities. The research suggests that by focusing on the form-meaning-function relationships of modals in authentic contexts, learners can better understand and produce English modals accurately and appropriately. The findings have significant implications for enhancing modal verb instruction in EFL classrooms, especially for Indonesian learners.

Instant noodles are a widely consumed fast food product, and consumer understanding of their nutritional content and potential health risks is thought to influence both attitudes and behaviors related to their consumption. Specifically, this understanding may affect how individuals meet their energy requirements—measured by the Recommended Energy Intake (REI)—through the consumption of instant noodles. This study aims to examine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes and the consumption practices of instant noodles among consumers at Warmindo K17 in Surabaya. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was employed. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire distributed to 100 respondents selected through simple random sampling. Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation, and Fisher’s exact tests were utilized to analyze the relationships between knowledge, attitudes, and consumption practices. The results indicated a statistically significant association between knowledge levels and consumption practices (p = 0.030), as well as between attitudes and consumption practices (p = 0.006), with both p-values falling below the 0.05 threshold. These findings suggest that higher levels of nutritional knowledge and more positive attitudes are associated with healthier instant noodle consumption practices. The study underscores the importance of enhancing public nutrition education to encourage healthier dietary behaviors. Furthermore, the findings may offer valuable insights for Warmindo business operators in developing more effective strategies for communicating product information to consumers.

This study aims to explore the strategic role of e-commerce in increasing the export of handicraft products by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia, with a case study on CV. Palm Craft in Kediri. In the context of globalization and digitalization, e-commerce is an important means for MSMEs to reach the international market, especially in the midst of the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic that limit conventional export activities. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The main focus of this study is how CV. Palem Craft utilizes various digital platforms such as social media (Instagram, Facebook), marketplaces (Tokopedia, Shopee), and global platforms (Amazon, Etsy) to expand market access, build product branding, and increase the selling value of local handicrafts. The results of the study show that the strategic use of e-commerce has helped companies overcome export barriers such as limited distribution networks, logistics constraints, and lack of international promotion. In addition, e-commerce also allows CVs. Palem Craft to build direct relationships with global consumers, get faster feedback, and make product adjustments according to market needs. This research also identifies supporting factors such as digital literacy, product quality, and production capacity as crucial aspects in the success of e-commerce strategies.  The implications of this study provide relevant insights for other MSMEs that want to develop exports through the use of digital technology. Continuous support from the government and related institutions is needed in terms of training, access to capital, and digital export facilitation so that Indonesian MSMEs can compete in the global market in a sustainable manner.  

 The Community Service Program (PKM) was implemented with the primary objective of improving the motivation and skills of Global International School high school students in managing independent business units established within the school environment. This activity was designed as a practice-based entrepreneurial development effort, especially for students directly involved in school business activities. The program was implemented through a series of training sessions covering entrepreneurial motivation, digital and conventional marketing strategies, and sales practice simulations. The motivation training aimed to build an independent and resilient mindset in facing business challenges, while the promotional strategy training emphasized the importance of branding, the use of social media, and effective communication with consumers. During the implementation process, students were encouraged to actively participate, be creative, and directly apply the material learned through simulations and group discussions. Evaluation results showed that this activity successfully increased the enthusiasm and confidence of students in running their own businesses. They also began to understand the basic concepts of branding, targeted promotional strategies, and the importance of building relationships with consumers. The enthusiasm of the participants was very high, especially during the promotional and direct sales practice. Overall, this PKM activity had a positive impact on students' mental and technical readiness to face the business world. This program also has the potential to be further developed as the basis for a practice-based entrepreneurship curriculum, as well as a medium for character building, creativity, and student independence at the secondary education level.

This study explores the meaning of love and courage in the lyrics of Nadin Amizah's song "Taruh". Music serves as a cultural medium that reflects the construction of social reality, and song lyrics often become a space for expressing personal and collective experiences. The song "Taruh" illustrates the emotional complexity present in human relationships, particularly in interpreting the feelings of love intertwined with acts of bravery. This research employs Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic theory by examining the syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations within the song's lyrics. The descriptive qualitative method is applied, with data obtained through non-participant observation and literature study. The findings indicate that the lyrics of "Taruh" do not portray an idealized version of love; instead, they express a more realistic view of love as something that includes pain, vulnerability, and imperfection. Interestingly, within those imperfections, there is a profound sense of courage—a willingness to endure, to remain, and to accept wounds as a part of emotional life. The syntagmatic analysis highlights how the arrangement of words in each stanza reflects stages of emotional struggle, longing, acceptance, and resilience. On the other hand, the paradigmatic analysis reveals that while alternative words could have been chosen, the selected diction intensifies the emotional nuance without shifting the central message of the narrative. Overall, the song constructs a layered narrative of love, where courage is found not in grand gestures but in silent endurance. This study shows how popular music, through its poetic structure, can communicate complex emotional truths and contribute to deeper cultural understandings of human emotion.

This study examines the effectiveness of implementing a democratic classroom management model in enhancing student learning motivation at Jambu Public Elementary School 3. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through direct classroom observations and interviews involving teachers and students. The aim was to understand how democratic principles applied in classroom settings could influence students’ motivation, behavior, and engagement in learning activities. The findings reveal that adopting democratic leadership in classroom management creates an inclusive, respectful, and participatory learning environment. Students are encouraged to express opinions, collaborate in decision-making, and take ownership of their learning process. This approach significantly enhances intrinsic motivation, responsibility, and student independence. It also helps reduce passive behavior and fosters a sense of belonging and self-worth among students. The results are in line with several prominent educational theories. According to Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan), autonomy and relatedness are key drivers of motivation, which are facilitated through democratic practices. Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in learning, which is actively promoted in this model. Carl Rogers’ humanistic approach also supports the creation of a learning climate centered on empathy and student potential, while Rudolf Dreikurs’ Adlerian classroom model advocates for respectful teacher-student relationships and cooperative behavior. Overall, the implementation of a democratic classroom management model is considered effective in promoting both academic achievement and character development at the elementary level. The study recommends broader application of this model in primary education settings to support holistic student growth and to foster a learning culture rooted in mutual respect, responsibility, and student agency.  

This article explains the Bakaua ritual at sacred graves, a tradition of the Nagari Sungai Limau community that has deep theological value. This research aims to analyze the meaning of theological values in the Bakaua ritual and how its practice can strengthen people's spiritual relationships. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research examines the spiritual, social, and cultural aspects inherent in the Bakaua tradition. The research results indicate that this ritual serves not only as a means of prayer and respect for ancestors but also as a medium for strengthening social relations and preserving local wisdom. Apart from that, the Bakaua ritual is seen as a form of asking for protection, expressing gratitude, and fulfilling vows, which reflects the close relationship between culture and theology in the life of Minangkabau society. The method used in this research is qualitative, encouraging a different approach from previous research, which only discussed Bakaua dramaturgy in the Minangkabau society. However, this paper places more emphasis on aspects of theological values in the Bakaua ritual tradition at sacred graves. This study highlights how theological meaning is embodied through symbolic practices, offerings, and communal prayers that represent submission to divine will. It also reveals how the ritual facilitates intergenerational transmission of spiritual values, maintaining continuity of belief systems in modern contexts. By analyzing community participation and oral narratives, the research uncovers deep spiritual motives rooted in Islamic beliefs intertwined with local cultural expressions. In addition, the findings underscore the community’s resilience in preserving traditional theology-based rituals despite the influence of modernization and shifts in religious interpretations. The Bakaua ritual thus becomes a cultural-theological bridge that binds generations and sustains spiritual identity within the dynamic life of the Minangkabau people.

This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership style and work environment on employee performance at Home Industry Ice Cream El Fariz. The background of this research highlights the importance of adaptive human resource management in small business environments, where interpersonal relationships and informal organizational structures significantly impact work effectiveness. The research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method, in which data were collected through questionnaires from 30 employees as respondents. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine both partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on employee performance. The findings indicate that neither leadership style nor work environment has a statistically significant effect on employee performance, as both variables showed p-values greater than 0.05. Simultaneously, the model was also found to be insignificant, with the F-statistic falling below the critical value. The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.199, suggesting that only 19.9% of the variation in employee performance could be explained by the model, while the remaining 80.1% is influenced by other factors outside the study. These results imply that in the context of a home industry, informal factors such as intrinsic motivation, social bonds, and organizational culture play a more dominant role in shaping employee performance than the formal variables examined. This research provides practical insights for small business owners to adopt more contextual and relationship-based managerial approaches in enhancing workforce productivity.

This study investigates the monetary transmission mechanisms influencing inflation and exchange rates across seven Southeast Asian countries (Myanmar, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) over the period 2010–2023, with special focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research addresses the problem of macroeconomic instability, particularly the volatility in inflation and currency values during crisis periods, and aims to identify the dominant monetary factors affecting these indicators. The study employs a mixed quantitative approach using Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR), Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), and Paired Sample t-Test to analyze the short-term and long-term relationships among key variables: Gross Domestic Product (GDP), investment, money supply (M2), interest rates, inflation, and exchange rates. Findings reveal that GDP is the most influential factor impacting both inflation and exchange rates, followed by money supply and interest rates. The variance decomposition analysis confirms that these monetary variables significantly explain macroeconomic fluctuations in both pre- and post-pandemic contexts. The t-Test further indicates statistically significant changes in inflation and exchange rates before and after the pandemic, highlighting the disruptive effect of COVID-19 on economic stability. The results demonstrate that inflation declined significantly in most countries during the pandemic, while exchange rate behavior varied depending on economic resilience and policy responsiveness. The study concludes that maintaining macroeconomic stability requires not only monetary policy coordination but also effective public health crisis management. This research contributes to the regional policy discourse by offering empirical insights and evidence-based recommendations to strengthen economic resilience in Southeast Asia.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Product Quality, Price, Sales Promotion, and Advertising on consumer purchasing decisions on the Bukalapak online store platform. This study used a quantitative approach with descriptive methods, aiming to illustrate the relationships between variables based on empirical data. Primary data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to 120 respondents who were active Bukalapak users in the West Medan District. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS software to determine the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable. The analysis results indicate that, partially, the variables Product Quality, Sales Promotion, and Advertising have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. This means that the higher the product quality, the more effective the promotion, and the more attractive the advertisement, the greater the likelihood of consumers making a purchase. Conversely, the variable Price showed a negative and significant influence, indicating that inappropriate pricing can reduce purchase intention. Simultaneously, all four variables have a significant influence on purchasing decisions. The Adjusted R Square value of 70.4% indicates that this research model is able to explain 70.4% of the variation in purchasing decisions, while the dependent variable is influenced by factors outside the model. This study recommends that Bukalapak continue to improve product quality, develop competitive pricing strategies, strengthen promotions, and create creative advertising. Further research is recommended to consider additional variables such as product reviews, brand image, and service quality to enrich the analysis.