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This study examines the causes and impacts of hazardous and toxic waste (B3) spills in Bekasi Regency, West Java. B3 waste such as used oil, batteries, and heavy metals can pollute the environment and harm public health. Key causes include lack of treatment facilities, violations of disposal procedures, and weather factors like flooding. The research uses normative legal approaches. The findings of this study underscore the necessity of managing hazardous waste in compliance with established regulations, enforcing environmental laws rigorously, and ensuring active involvement from both government institutions and the public in monitoring efforts. The application of the strict liability principle is considered highly important in providing a deterrent effect against polluters through legal accountability.

This study examines violations of ethical commenting on the Instagram account @Pertamina, in response to a fuel-mixing corruption case that caused state losses of up to one quadrillion rupiah. The research aims to describe forms of unethical comments posted by netizens and analyze them based on Article 28 paragraph (2) of Indonesia’s Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law). A normative juridical method was used, supported by digital observation, documentation, and note-taking techniques. The results revealed 20 comment samples containing hate speech, insults, threats, and defamation. These comments not only violate digital ethics but also potentially breach Articles 28(2) and 27(3) of the ITE Law. According to Soedikno Mertokusumo's theory of legal objectives, such comments fail to uphold justice, legal certainty, and usefulness, ultimately damaging the digital public space, which should foster healthy and productive communication.

This study conducts an in-depth examination of the structural gaps in mental health policies within conflict-affected countries in the Middle East region, employing a systematic meta-synthesis approach to analyze 87 primary studies published between 2015 and 2024. Findings reveal that only 23.4% of these countries possess mental health policies that can be classified as comprehensive. In comparison, the average budget allocation for this sector accounts for merely 2.1% of total national health expenditures. In terms of affected populations, the prevalence of mental disorders is alarmingly high, recorded at 41.3% among refugees and 37.8% among residents living amidst protracted conflict. Through logistic regression analysis, a highly significant correlational relationship was identified between conflict intensity and the severity of mental disorders (r = 0.78; p < 0.001), underscoring the systemic link between structural violence and collective psychosocial vulnerability. Furthermore, meta-regression successfully identified the five most dominant policy gaps: deficits in service infrastructure (76.5%), shortages of the professional workforce (68.2%), dysfunctions in referral systems (64.7%), limitations in funding (59.3%), and lack of intersectoral service integration (52.8%). This research not only extends the conceptual framework and empirical findings previously advanced by Sihombing et al. (2025) and Akhtar et al. (2021) concerning the mental health impacts of conflict but also innovatively articulates region-specific patterns and identifies contextual moderator variables that influence policy implementation effectiveness. Thus, this study's methodological and conceptual novelty lies in formulating an evaluative framework grounded in empirical evidence, which integratively combines socio-political indicators with clinical mental health parameters, offering a comprehensive approach to assess and reform public policy in conflict-affected areas of the Middle East.

Street-level bureaucracy refers to the role of frontline bureaucrats who directly engage with the public in the implementation of public policies, including stunting management. In Sidoarjo Regency, stunting remains a critical public health issue with long-term implications for human capital development, despite the government’s continuous efforts to reduce its prevalence. Actors such as posyandu cadres, health center personnel, and officials from the District Health Office serve as the front line in detecting stunting cases, delivering nutritional counseling, monitoring child growth, and connecting communities with essential health services. However, the effectiveness of these roles is often constrained by limited resources, excessive workloads, lack of adequate training, and insufficient incentives that do not reflect the complexity of their responsibilities. Furthermore, policy implementation is frequently hindered by weak inter-sectoral coordination, low community engagement, and the gap between administrative guidelines and the realities faced in the field. The discretionary power held by these street-level bureaucrats becomes both a strength and a challenge—allowing for flexible adaptation to local needs while raising concerns about accountability and service consistency. Addressing stunting effectively at the local level requires strategic capacity-building for implementers through continuous training, fair compensation, and strengthened collaboration among governmental actors and other stakeholders. These efforts must be integrated, holistic, and sustainable in order to truly tackle the root causes of stunting and generate meaningful improvements in public health outcomes.

This study aims to analyze the effect of maqashid sharia on Muslim women's happiness in Indonesia, using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5th wave 2014. Maqashid sharia, as a core concept in Islamic law, focuses on the maintenance of five main aspects, namely religion (ad-din), soul (an-nafs), intellect (al-aql), offspring (an-nasl), and property (al-mal). This study examines whether the implementation of maqashid sharia principles coupled with region of residence as a control variable has a significant impact on the subjective happiness of Muslim women in Indonesia. Using logit regression method and STATA software, this study found that the maintenance of health (soul), education (mind), and income (wealth) has a significant positive effect on Muslimah's happiness, heredity (lineage) shows an insignificant negative effect, religiosity (religion) shows a positive and significant relationship, while the region of residence has an insignificant negative relationship with the level of happiness of Muslimah in Indonesia. These results indicate that the subjective happiness of Indonesian Muslim women is more influenced by material dimensions than philosophical or spiritual matters. This research is expected to contribute to the formulation of public policies that support the social welfare of Muslimahs based on maqashid sharia.

This study aims to determine the level of community satisfaction with Posyandu services in the Bekasi area. Posyandu, as the frontline of community health services at the village level, plays an important role in monitoring the growth and development of toddlers, providing immunization services, and delivering health education. The method used in this study was a quantitative survey, with questionnaires distributed to 150 respondents who were users of Posyandu services in several subdistricts in Bekasi. The aspects evaluated include service quality, facility availability, staff attitude, and the effectiveness of the information provided. The survey results indicate that the majority of respondents are satisfied with the services provided, although there are some notes regarding limitations in facilities and service hours that need to be improved. These findings are expected to serve as input for Posyandu managers and local governments in enhancing the quality of community health services at the grassroots level.

In an effort to improve the quality of environmental sanitation in traditional markets, this community service program involves students as agents of change. Traditional markets are often a gathering place for various wastes and impurities, which can have a negative impact on public health. This activity aims to increase public awareness and knowledge, especially traders and market visitors, about the importance of environmental sanitation. Through the social services carried out, students provide information about good sanitation practices and how to maintain a clean environment. The results of this activity are expected to create positive changes, improve public health, and make traditional markets a clean and comfortable place. This program is not only beneficial to the community, but also a valuable experience for students in applying the knowledge they learn, as well as developing social concern and responsibility for the environment.

Hypertension, also known as the silent killer, is a serious threat in the world of global health because it causes various vascular diseases to maternal and child mortality during pregnancy. The existence of herb therapy by consuming black garlic has the potential to control and reduce blood pressure. Through this study, it is intended to examine and review the relevant literature and summarized to obtain information about the effectiveness of black garlic consumption on lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The research method uses a literature review based on Google Scholar as a database within the maximum publication range of the last 5 years. The data used is secondary data from previous research results. The results showed that there was a decrease in blood pressure in hypertensive patients after consuming black garlic due to the presence of S-allyl cysteine (SAC), flavonoids, and hydrogen sulfide compounds. Therefore, it has the opportunity to become one of the options in traditional therapy to prevent and treat hypertension conditions.

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women is a nutritional problem that has serious impacts on the health of both the mother and the fetus, such as increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and labor complications. In Jambi City, CED cases have continued to rise year by year. This study aims to identify the determinants of CED among pregnant women in the working area of Putri Ayu Public Health Center, Jambi City. This study employed a quantitative approach with an analytical observational design using a cross-sectional method. The sample consisted of 82 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and anthropometric measurements using MUAC. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test to examine the relationship between independent variables and the incidence of CED. The study found that the prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women was 28%. Statistical analysis revealed that infectious diseases (p=0.000), personal hygiene (p=0.009), environmental sanitation (p=0.037), education (p=0.004), occupation (p=0.000), and income (p=0.040) were significantly associated with CED in pregnant women. There is a significant relationship between infectious diseases, personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, education, occupation, and income with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women at Putri Ayu Public Health Center, Jambi City. It is expected that efforts to address chronic energy deficiency (CED) among pregnant women at Putri Ayu Public Health Center can be carried out through an integrated approach, including improvements in personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, prevention of infectious diseases, as well as enhancement of education, employment, and family income.

Low awareness of students about PHBS allows for a lack of knowledge obtained by students due to the lack of information obtained. Therefore, health education is important to be encouraged. One strategy that can be used in providing health education to students is peer education. To determine and analyze the effect of peer education on the scope of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior in students. The type of research used in this study is quasi-experimental, with a pretest-posttest control group design. Data analysis using variate and bivariate tests. The subjects of this study were students of Class VII-A and Class VII-B of SMP Negeri 3 Kutacane in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The research instrument used was a test sheet. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed a significant increase in students' understanding of each indicator including PHBS, except for the indicator of not smoking, although there was an increase but it was not statistically significant. This can be seen based on the average value of the experimental class at the time of the posttest which was greater when compared to the pretest, with a value of p = <0.05, while for the non-smoking indicator the value of p => 0.05. These results indicate the influence of health education with the peer education method on the understanding of the scope of PHBS in experimental class students. Peer Education is able to improve students' understanding of the scope of PHBS better, compared to students who do not receive peer education intervention.

Malaria remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in endemic areas such as Keerom Regency, Papua. Efforts to control this disease face challenges due to Plasmodium resistance to synthetic drugs, highlighting the need for safer and more effective alternative treatments. This study aims to identify the secondary metabolite content of several local plants traditionally used as antimalarial remedies. An experimental laboratory study was conducted using phytochemical screening methods. The plants examined included turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa), meniran leaves (Phyllanthus niruri), papaya leaves (Carica papaya), sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), and brotowali (Tinospora crispa). Extraction was carried out using the maceration method with 96% ethanol as the solvent. The results showed that all samples contained secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, which are known for their antiplasmodial activity. Extract yields ranged from 18% to 24%, with turmeric rhizome showing the highest yield. These findings suggest that local plants from Keerom Regency hold potential as raw materials for the development of herbal antimalarial drugs. This study serves as a preliminary step for further in vitro and in vivo bioactivity testing.

The SEBLAK program (Birth Certificate, Birth Registration, and Family Card) initiated by RS dr. Mohammad Zyn represents an innovation in digital-based civil registration services, aimed at improving efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency in public services related to population administration. This innovation integrates the processes of data collection, verification, and the issuance of administrative documents automatically through a digital system directly connected to the Department of Population and Civil Registration (Disdukcapil). Consequently, procedures for obtaining documents such as birth certificates and family cards can be carried out more quickly, easily, and without bureaucratic obstacles, while also providing more accurate and reliable data. The overall success of this program is supported by several key factors, including adequate technological infrastructure, continuous training for officers and the community, and effective socialization through various media and community forums. A qualitative approach was used to evaluate the implementation process and its impact on the community and hospital staff. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman (1994) model. The results indicate that the implementation of this digital system can significantly reduce the time and costs associated with document processing, improve data accuracy, and strengthen public trust in government services. Beyond operational aspects, the SEBLAK program also positively impacts increasing access to administrative services for communities in remote and hard-to-reach areas. This aligns with the goal of expanding digital services inclusively and reinforcing the role of hospitals as the initial point and center for civil registration services while enhancing community participation in fulfilling their administrative rights. However, challenges remain, including technical infrastructure limitations, a lack of sufficient training for human resources, and the need to improve data security capacity. Therefore, continuous capacity building for human resources and infrastructure development are crucial to ensure the sustainability and success of this program, which can serve as a model for innovative public services that other institutions in Indonesia can adopt.    

Air pollution is one of the major public health challenges in Indonesia. This article analyzes the characteristics of main pollutants, emission sources, health impacts, and prevention strategies that have been and are being implemented. Based on secondary data from various government reports, scientific journals, and recent case studies, it was found that emissions from the transportation sector, industry, biomass burning, and forest fires remain the main contributors to air pollution. The impacts include increased incidence of respiratory infections, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disorders, and economic losses. Preventive efforts such as the adoption of electric vehicles, vehicle emission inspections, and citizen science programs have proven effective but need to be expanded. This article recommends the integration of cross-sectoral policies, the use of modern monitoring technologies, and sustainable public education.

Flooding is one of the disasters that often occurs in Aceh Province. One of the areas in North Aceh Regency that is most frequently affected by flooding is the Matangkuli sub-district with an annual incidence of more than 10 times with a height of more than one meter. One of the impacts of flooding on public health is the occurrence of skin diseases caused by fungi. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes of the community to preventing fungal skin infections in Matangkuli District.The method used in this study is descriptive correlative using a cross sectional design. Sampling in this study used a cluster sampling technique with a sample of 92 respondents.Data analysis in this study used the Spearman correlation test. The results of this study, namely, 62% of respondents had a good level of knowledge of preventing post-flood skin fungal infections and a good attitude towards preventing post-flood skin fungal infections was found in 78.26% of respondents.This study also found a strong relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes towards preventing fungal skin infections with a correlation coefficient (r-value) of 0.752 which indicates a strong relationship between knowledge and attitudes of the community in preventing post-flood fungal skin infections.

Dental and oral health issues in Indonesia remain a critical concern, with a high prevalence, particularly in dental caries and periodontal diseases. Based on data from Riskesdas 2018 and the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, more than 50% of the population suffer from caries, with the highest rates found among children and the elderly. This literature review aims to identify the characteristics of oral health problems, risk factors, health and socioeconomic impacts, and the intervention strategies implemented in Indonesia. The study employs a narrative review method by analyzing national publications from 2015 to 2025 that meet inclusion criteria. The findings reveal that the main determinants include low oral health literacy, high sugar consumption patterns, limited access to dental services, and socioeconomic factors such as education and income. The impacts include decreased quality of life, reduced work productivity, and increased burden on the healthcare system. Effective prevention and control strategies involve school- and community-based health promotion, the use of technology such as teledentistry and mobile applications, improvement in basic service access, as well as regulatory policies on sugar consumption and incentives for healthcare personnel in remote areas. Multisector collaboration and continuous research are essential to significantly reduce the burden of oral diseases in Indonesia.

This study investigates doctor–patient communication strategies in overcoming verbal and non-verbal language barriers within the Pain Clinic of RSUD Genteng Banyuwangi, a public hospital in East Java, Indonesia. Pain clinics pose unique communicative challenges, as patients often struggle to express their discomfort clearly due to limited health literacy, cultural norms, or emotional inhibitions. This research aims to identify and analyze the communicative methods employed by doctors to facilitate accurate information exchange and build therapeutic rapport with patients experiencing chronic pain. Utilizing a qualitative approach, this study applies Conversation Analysis (CA) to naturally occurring doctor–patient consultations recorded through non-intrusive video methods. Verbal and non-verbal interactions were transcribed and analyzed to uncover recurring communicative patterns. The data were interpreted through sociolinguistic and pragmatic lenses to account for the local language diversity and cultural context of Banyuwangi. Findings reveal that doctors employ multiple strategies to clarify meaning and adapt communication: repetition, strategic questioning, utterance correction, and linguistic adaptation. Additionally, doctors interpret and respond to patients' non-verbal cues, including vocal tone, facial expressions, and body gestures, to supplement incomplete verbal communication. These strategies not only enhance diagnostic accuracy but also promote empathy, trust, and patient-centered care. The study concludes that effective communication in pain clinics must account for linguistic diversity, cultural sensitivities, and emotional dynamics. Adaptive and empathetic communication fosters better understanding, reduces the risk of diagnostic error, and improves treatment outcomes. The findings offer practical implications for clinical training and healthcare policy, particularly in multicultural and linguistically diverse settings.

This study aims to compare the level of carbon monoxide (CO) air quality in Green Open Space (GOS) and Non-Green Open Space (NGOS) along the Abepura–Sentani main road in Jayapura City. The research was conducted in two locations: the Taman Makam Pahlawan Denzipur Waena (GOS) and the front area of Mega Waena (NGOS). CO levels were measured using a CO smart sensor over a period of one week, with measurements taken in the morning, noon, and afternoon at six sampling points. The findings indicate that CO concentrations are significantly lower in GOS areas compared to NGOS areas. The presence of vegetation in GOS helps reduce CO pollution by acting as a natural filter. These results highlight the importance of maintaining and developing green open spaces in urban areas as part of efforts to reduce air pollution and improve public health.

The adoption of Hospital Information Systems (HIS) is a crucial step toward improving healthcare service delivery, especially in public hospitals in developing countries. RSUD Prof. Dr. H. Aloei Saboe, a referral hospital in Gorontalo, Indonesia, has implemented the SIMRS Khanza system to digitize inpatient registration and medical documentation. However, limited evaluation has been conducted to assess its effectiveness beyond technical performance. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of SIMRS Khanza using the Human-Organization-Technology Fit (HOT-Fit) framework, which examines the alignment between users, institutional support, and system quality. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, involving in-depth interviews, non-participatory observations, and document reviews with eight informants, including medical record officers, system coordinators, and hospital management. The findings reveal that although most users reported improved efficiency and satisfaction, several issues persist: incomplete training, limited adherence to SOPs, and system performance lags during peak hours. Organizational support was present but inconsistent, and documentation policies lacked specificity for digital contexts. Technologically, the system demonstrated stable output, but responsiveness and integration require enhancement. The synthesis of findings suggests that success in HIS implementation is contingent upon not only system reliability but also continuous user engagement, structured training, and dynamic policy support. Therefore, a holistic strategy integrating human, organizational, and technological components is essential to optimize SIMRS performance and sustainability.

The introduction of toxic substances or energy into the environment degrades environmental quality, which in turn can have negative effects on living things like human health, biodiversity, and the global climate. This multi-faceted problem has far-reaching consequences for ecosystems and human life. For Indonesia, this has grown into a major problem throughout the last several decades. Water, air, soil, and noise pollution have all seen dramatic increases due to the expansion of cities, the industrial sector, and the proliferation of motor vehicles. All four forms of Indonesian environmental pollution—air, water, soil, and noise—are covered in this research, along with their origins, effects on human and environmental health, and potential solutions, both governmental and grassroots. A literature review of secondary sources, such as government papers, scientific journals, and other official publications, is employed as the technique. This document is written with the intention of drawing attention to the significance of environmental protection and offering broad preventative actions. According to the results, industrial operations, automobiles, household garbage, and a general lack of environmental consciousness are the main causes of pollution. Hence, in order to lessen the impact of pollution and enhance environmental quality, technological solutions, regulatory laws, and communities that are both interdisciplinary and collaborative are crucial tools.

Puskesmas are the spearhead of the government in providing basic health services to the community in Indonesia. Puskesmas are required to provide excellent quality services to the community, but these expectations have not been met. Government efforts are then made through independent financial management of the Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD). Karang Rejo Health Centre is one of the Health Centres that successfully received a designation by the Government of Tarakan City, North Kalimantan Province as one of the Independent Health Centres with BLUD management. This study aims to analyse the role & interaction between political actors or leaders in Puskesmas in improving the quality of excellent service at Karang Rejo Puskesmas. The research informants are 1). Head of Puskesmas, 2). The Head of Section and Head of Administration. Visitors include patients who come for treatment and take care of health certificates. The research used descriptive qualitative research in order to explore in-depth information about the excellent service of Karang Rejo Health Centre. The results showed that first the Head of Puskesmas is a professional doctor, as a political actor has a very important role, especially when conducting vertical interactions and horizontal interactions. Vertical interaction with the leaders above him (head of department, regent) and horizontal interaction with the leaders below him (head of section & head of administration), causing Karang Rejo Health Centre to become independent with BLUD management. Secondly, in the dimensions of public service quality at Puskesmas Karang Rejo, West Tarakan Sub-district, Tarakan City, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, which has been running optimally with an achievement of 85% is the reliability dimension, the responsiveness dimension and the guarantee dimension. These dimensions can be optimal due to changes in the Puskesmas institution which was previously not independent in terms of its finances, turning into independent with BLUD management. Meanwhile, the dimensions of public service quality that have not run optimally and require improved management, amounting to 15%, namely the dimensions of physical evidence and empathy.