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The purpose of this research is to examine and ascertain how capital structure and growth affect company value in FBM KLCI businesses listed on Bursa Malaysia between 2019 and 2023, dividend policy being used as a moderating factor.  The study's sample consists of 16 FBM KLCI firms that were listed on Bursa Malaysia between 2019 and 2023.  The secondary data utilized was gathered from Bursa Malaysia's website and financial statement documentation studies.  Descriptive analysis, panel data regression analysis, MRA, traditional assumption testing, and hypothesis testing are among the data analysis methods used.  Eviews Version 13 was used to process the data for this investigation.  According to the study's findings, for the 2019–2023 timeframe, capital structure significantly and favorably affects company value in FBM KLCI businesses listed on Bursa Malaysia.  In these businesses, growth has no bearing on firm value.  In FBM KLCI businesses listed on Bursa Malaysia for the 2019–2023 timeframe, both the correlation between capital structure and company value and the effect of growth on firm value are unaffected by dividend policy.

This study examines the role of social and cultural structures as mechanisms in reconstructing and maintaining the religious practices of Hindu Kaharingan amidst the challenges of modernization. As a local belief system of the Dayak community in Central Kalimantan, Hindu Kaharingan functions not only spiritually but also as a guardian of cultural identity. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a phenomenological study design. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document studies to understand the meanings and experiences of the practitioners. The findings reveal that major rituals, such as Tiwah, serve a dual purpose: spiritually, to guide the souls of ancestors, and socially, as a community adhesive that reinforces solidarity through mutual cooperation (handep). Through the lens of Functionalism Theory and Religious Systems Theory, this study reveals that religious ceremonies act as a vital medium for cultural transmission. The active involvement of the younger generation in these rites serves as a non-formal educational mechanism for passing down values, philosophies, and ancestral knowledge within an oral tradition system. Thus, the socio-cultural role of the community functions as an adaptive and resistive strategy that ensures the continuity of the spiritual identity and cultural resilience of Hindu Kaharingan in the contemporary era.

In Iranian Traditional Medicine, some herbs like Achillea millefolium, commonly known as yarrow, are implicated as appetite enhancers. However, there is not enough research evidence to prove their actual effect. Achillea millefolium is a dicot which belongs to the family Asteraceae. The purpose of this study was the analysis Achillea millefolium based on a bioinformatic study and toxicity test on the chicken embryo. This research method consisted of conversion of nucleotides into amino acids, analysis of the three-dimensional structure of Achillea millefolium protein, epitope and Allergen Proteins, antigens and toxins and toxicity test on the chicken embryo. In addition, this study also obtained the results of proteins that are epitope, antigenic, non-allergenic and non-toxic and toxicity test on the chicken embryo was 250 ng/egg.. Morphological description of the embryo on the 21st day after injection, at a concentration of 250 ng of Mentha piperita/egg product, an abnormal embryological picture was obtained. Chicken Embryo Weight and Body Length Measurements were carried out in chicken embryos. Need research for other species of plant.

The phenomenon of introduction through social media has become very common in this digital era. Social media offers ease and efficiency in introducing individuals to others, allowing them to meet, interact, and build relationships in a different way than traditional methods. However, the introduction of a partner through social media also brings its own challenges, emotional manipulation, and limitations in understanding the partner in depth. In the context of Catholic marriage, this phenomenon poses a serious challenge to canonical law. Canon law strictly regulates marriage in order to remain faithful to the Church's teaching of lifelong union and openness to procreation. However, the introduction of a couple through social media can affect the validity of the agreement, psychological readiness, and understanding of the nature of marriage. The Church needs to meet these challenges with a new pastoral approach, including the development of specific guidelines for the companionship of couples who start relationships through social media. This approach includes strengthening more intensive and comprehensive pastoral mentoring, utilizing social media as a tool for education and counseling and reminding couples of the importance of transparency and honesty in relationships. Thus, the Church faces the challenge of ensuring the psychological readiness of both parties and helping couples to understand more deeply about the marital commitments they make and to maintain the values of the sacrament of marriage in an ever-evolving digital world.

This study examines in depth the meaning of gratitude expressed in the traditional Wu’u Nura ceremony in Daniwato Village, West Solor, as well as in the Eucharistic celebration, which stands as the central liturgy of the Catholic Church. The Wu’u Nura ceremony is a communal tradition of thanksgiving for the harvest, expressed through symbolic rituals, offerings of agricultural produce, collective prayers, and ceremonial practices that reflect a harmonious relationship between humans, nature, ancestors, and God. Through these rituals, the community strengthens social cohesion, cultural identity, and religious awareness that have been passed down across generations. In contrast, gratitude within the Eucharistic celebration is understood as an expression of faith and a theological response to God’s salvific grace manifested through Christ’s sacrifice, made present in the consecration of bread and wine. Using a qualitative method and comparative approach, this study reveals that although differing in expression, structure, and theological foundations, both practices uphold gratitude as a universal value that fosters spiritual relationships and social solidarity. The findings affirm that dialogue between local culture and Church liturgy—within the spirit of inculturation—can enrich the understanding of faith, deepen spiritual life, and support the preservation of meaningful local traditions. This study contributes significantly to cultural and theological scholarship, as well as pastoral efforts aimed at fostering harmony between religion and culture in pluralistic societies.

Indonesia's cultural diversity demands a process of inculturation, in which local values ​​enter into dialogue with faith. This study examines the Lodong Me tradition in Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara, as a ritual of thanksgiving for birth that is essential and relevant amidst the challenges of modernity. The aim is to describe the meaning of Lodong Me and analyze its encounter with Christian faith through an inculturation approach. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants and tested using source triangulation. The results show that Lodong Me is interpreted culturally and theologically as gratitude for divine grace, where gratitude to ancestors and God (Ama Pu) is placed in a harmonious arrangement. This ritual has been proven to meet the criteria for genuine adaptation because it has compatible values ​​(such as work ethic and responsibility to care for creation) and effectively strengthens the congregation's faith experience. By implication, this case study enriches the literature on inculturation in Indonesia and makes an important contribution to the Church's pastoral care in Sikka to prevent duality of belief.

The development of digital technology and social media provides both opportunities and challenges for the preservation of traditional arts such as Wayang Golek from West Java, which is rich in cultural, moral, and Islamic preaching values. Wayang Golek has long served as a medium for da'wah, conveying religious teachings creatively through artistic performances. However, changes in the preferences of younger generations who favor instant digital content put this traditional art at risk of being forgotten. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to examine the role of social media in revitalizing Wayang Golek as a medium for cultural preservation and Islamic da'wah. The research results show that social media such as YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok play an important role in expanding access and public interest, especially among young people, through interactive and engaging educational content. However, limitations in technological proficiency and lack of support are major obstacles. Social media. It not only functions as a tool for communication and entertainment but also serves as a means of documentation and cultural education that can build virtual communities and a strong cultural identity. This study recommends strengthening digital training for artists, cross-sector collaboration, and creative content innovation to maintain the relevance and sustainability of Wayang Golek in the modern era. Adapting digital technology is an important strategy to align the preservation of traditional arts with the development of the times without losing the essence of cultural values and the messages contained within.

Culture is an integral part of human life that cannot be separated from daily activities. As cultured beings, human beings have a responsibility to preserve cultural heritage so that it is still understood, lived and understood by the next generation. Baobolak village, which is located in Nagawutung District, Lembata Regency, is one of the areas with Lamaholot ethnic communities that are rich in various cultures, both in the form of object and intangible culture. However, with the Times and the flow of modernization, some local cultural values began to erode and potentially forgotten by the younger generation. In an effort to preserve the culture, an effective method is needed to maintain the existence and reintroduce local culture to the wider community. One of the methods considered relevant is through cultural documentation. This study aims to document the various forms of Culture found in the village of Baobolak, both in aspects of history, tradition, and social values of the local community. The methods used in this study include semi-structured interviews, field observations, and audiovisual documentation. The result of the research is a documentary film that comprehensively describes the cultural and historical life of Baobolak Village. To measure the success rate of the documentary product, researchers conducted a survey of the younger generation in the village. Based on the survey results, as many as 81% of 21 respondents stated that they understand and re-live the culture and history of Baobolak village after watching the documentary. Thus, cultural documentation through the medium of film has proven effective as a means of cultural preservation and education for the younger generation in the midst of increasingly rapid social change

This study was motivated by the importance of dance in fostering aesthetic sensitivity, discipline, and cultural character in the younger generation. However, dance teaching practices in Indonesia are generally uniform and do not take into account the age and developmental stages of students, resulting in suboptimal learning outcomes. Several previous studies (Budiman et al., 2022; Da Ary & Markamah, 2024; Yuliyanti & Budiman, 2023) have shown the weaknesses of dance teaching methods that do not adapt to the characteristics of the participants, resulting in low mastery of techniques, motivation, and understanding of cultural values. Based on these issues, this study aims to examine the application of content, process, and product differentiation in dance learning at the Sobokartti Dance Studio in Semarang, which trains participants aged 4 to 25 years. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study show the application of teaching that is tailored to age characteristics, ranging from imitative movements in children to reflection on cultural values in adults. These findings prove that differentiated teaching methods are effective in improving the relevance and quality of traditional dance learning. The implication is that this model can be used as a reference for non-formal educational institutions in developing adaptive arts learning that is oriented towards the preservation of local culture.

This study aims to explore the relevance of Pupuh Kasmaran Mocoan in Lontar Yusup Banyuwangi to the culture of the Banyuwangi community through a literary anthropology approach. Pupuh Kasmaran Mocoan is part of the literary heritage of East Java and is preserved in Lontar Yusup Banyuwangi, reflecting the cultural values, traditions, and worldview of the local society. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method using reading and data classification techniques based on cultural elements. Data were analyzed by identifying cultural aspects embedded in the text and examining their relevance to the social and cultural life of the Banyuwangi community. The findings reveal that Pupuh Kasmaran Mocoan is not merely a literary work but also a representation of the cultural complexity of Banyuwangi society. It contains various cultural values, including social norms, customs, beliefs, and moral teachings that continue to be relevant in contemporary community life. These findings demonstrate that traditional literary works can serve as important cultural documents for understanding local identity and preserving regional wisdom. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the cultural elements reflected in Lontar Yusup Banyuwangi and emphasizes the significance of literary anthropology in interpreting traditional literature. Furthermore, the findings provide valuable insights for the preservation and development of regional literature while enriching the discourse on literary anthropology.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the sorogan and bandongan methods in Islamic boarding school (pesantren) learning through the perspective of educational psychology. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach based on library research, this study explores the relevance of these traditional teaching methods to behaviorist, cognitivist, and constructivist learning theories. The findings reveal that the sorogan method, which emphasizes personal interaction between students (santri) and teachers (kiai), plays a crucial role in improving reading accuracy, learning discipline, independence, and metacognitive abilities. Meanwhile, the bandongan method, which is conducted collectively, proves effective in strengthening conceptual understanding, fostering social learning, and internalizing moral and spiritual values within a communal context. The integration of these two methods represents a synergy between the intellectual tradition of pesantren and the principles of modern educational psychology that emphasize affective, cognitive, and psychomotor aspects. The results indicate that the combined application of sorogan and bandongan can support the development of an adaptive pesantren curriculum aligned with the demands of 21st-century education while maintaining the Islamic scholarly tradition that serves as the foundation for character formation and personal development.

This study presents a Systematic Literature Review on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications for customer support automation and digital service optimization. The review follows the PRISMA framework to ensure methodological rigor and transparency, focusing on literature published between 2020 and 2025 from the Scopus database. The findings reveal that AI-driven technologies, including Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Large Language Models, have significantly improved efficiency, response time, and customer satisfaction in customer support and digital service. Common NLP applications include sentiment analysis, ticket classification, and automated response generation. Among these, hybrid and transformer-based models demonstrate superior accuracy and contextual understanding compared to traditional algorithms. However, several challenges persist, including data quality limitations, privacy and security concerns, algorithmic bias, and linguistic ambiguities such as sarcasm and negation. Moreover, issues related to trust and ethical adoption continue to influence user acceptance of AI systems. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current methodologies, trends, and research gaps, offering insights for future studies to develop explainable, secure, and human-centered AI systems that enhance the sustainability and transparency of digital customer support services.

This study examines the Lom Plai tradition of the Dayak Wehea community from the perspective of Catholic inculturation theology. Although this tradition has been widely studied from an anthropological perspective, no research has specifically examined the meaning of its values, symbols, and rituals in the light of inculturation. Therefore, this study is important to see the possibility of dialogue between the Gospel and local culture. The purpose of this study is to understand how elements of Lom Plai culture can be interpreted and processed within the framework of inculturation theology and how the values ​​contained therein can enrich the pastoral life of the community. The study uses a literature review method with a qualitative-contextual theological approach through analysis of theological literature, Church documents, and ethnographic studies of the Dayak Wehea. The research findings indicate that the values ​​of harvest gratitude, respect for the land, community solidarity, and symbols such as rice and thanksgiving rituals are aligned with Christian spirituality and have the potential to be integrated into pastoral practice. The implications of this study emphasize the need for ongoing discernment so that the inculturation process runs authentically, enriches the community's faith, and maintains the cultural identity of the Wehea community.  

This Community Service Program (PKM) was designed to strengthen national character and identity through the application of Asta Cita values among the residents of Rejuno Village, Karangjati District, Ngawi Regency, East Java. Conducted over two days, the program involved active participation from youth groups, community leaders, and village officials. The activities consisted of the introduction of national and civic values, interactive discussions with local figures, and group reflections aimed at formulating social commitments rooted in the Asta Cita principles. The findings show a notable increase in participants’ understanding and appreciation of the eight core values: patriotism, mutual cooperation, honesty, responsibility, hard work, discipline, tolerance, and social justice. Moreover, local wisdom and traditions—such as martial arts practices and community deliberations—were revitalized as effective tools for embedding these values within daily life. This program highlights that national character building does not solely rely on formal education or governmental initiatives but can also grow organically from community-based cultural practices. By integrating local heritage with national ideals, the PKM successfully promoted a sense of unity, civic awareness, and moral responsibility among the people of Rejuno Village, illustrating how local culture can serve as a strong foundation for fostering national identity and integrity.

This research aims to examine the role of music in the construction process of the traditional Karo house, Siwaluh Jabu, in Lingga Cultural Village, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. In Karo culture, music is not merely a source of entertainment but serves as a symbolic and spiritual medium that reflects cultural values, social cohesion, and the community’s belief system. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with an ethnographic approach through field observation, in-depth interviews with traditional figures, musicians, and local residents, as well as documentation of rituals and architectural elements of the Siwaluh Jabu house. The findings reveal that music plays a significant role in each stage of construction, starting from the selection of suitable wood to the completion ritual known as Mengket. The Gendang Lima Sendalanen ensemble—particularly through the performance of Gendang Limapuluh Kurang Dua—functions as a medium connecting humans with ancestral spirits, legitimizing the spiritual presence within the house, and strengthening communal cooperation. Music serves not only to regulate the rhythm of collective work but also to ensure harmony between humans, nature, and the unseen forces that are believed to inhabit the house. Therefore, music is an essential element that maintains cultural continuity, reinforces identity, and supports the preservation of the Karo intangible heritage amidst ongoing modernization.

This study was motivated by the existence of Longgo Mayuru Dance as a traditional art form of Gorontalo that still maintains its socio-cultural functions and relatively authentic movement structure amid cultural dynamics. This dance not only serves as an aesthetic expression but also as a cultural text that represents the history, customary system, and social identity of the Molingkapoto community. The purpose of this study is to analyse the movement structure of the Longgo Mayuru dance in relation to the historical context and social life of the Molingkapoto community. The study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-interpretative design. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with dance performers and traditional leaders, as well as visual and written documentation. Data analysis was carried out by describing the dance movement structure at the level of motifs, phrases, and movement sentences, then interpreted through structural and sociocultural approaches. The results of the study show that the Longgo Mayuru Dance has its roots in traditional martial arts, which underwent historical transformation into a symbolic escort dance. It has a sacred socio-customary function and is composed of a systematic and symbolically meaningful movement structure. The implications of this research emphasise the importance of preserving the Longgo Mayuru dance, not only in terms of its movements, but also in terms of the socio-cultural context and historical values that underpin it as part of the cultural heritage of the Molingkapoto community.

The richness of local legends, such as the legend of Giri Gajah from Gresik, faces the risk of being forgotten due to a lack of visual elements appealing to child audiences, especially those aged 8-10 years old. To revitalize this legend, a picture storybook was designed by creating character designs that could captivate children aged 8-10. This dynamic educational medium is the primary target. The focus of the design lies in the character design, making it the core visual element and narrative driver, which connects the oral tradition with the needs of contemporary media. The research method used is design thinking. The design results established four main characters, namely Pandu, Sunan Giri, Sunan Giri's Grandchild, and Gajah (Elephant), using a Semi-Realistic Cartoonist illustration style. This style was chosen for its ability to bridge the reality of local culture with a cheerful visual appeal. This design successfully created an effective medium for the preservation of local culture and the improvement of children's interest in reading.

This study aims to describe the use of the Crossword Puzzle Game Application (TTS) as a learning medium to increase students' involvement and understanding in the learning process. The rapid development of technology demands educational innovation, and gamification, especially in the form of mobile TTS game applications, offers attractive and accessible solutions. Using qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis from selected groups of students and teachers who had used the application. The results of the study show that this application effectively increases the motivation, activeness, and vocabulary memory of students. In addition, TTS games provide challenges that spark curiosity and encourage collaboration between learners while solving puzzles. The app also provides a fun, interactive, and adaptive learning environment to individual learning needs, moving away from traditional methods that tend to be monotonous. This study concludes that the TTS Game Application is a very effective, interesting, and relevant educational tool for modern learners and has the potential to be applied to a wide range of subjects.

This study aims to reveal and describe the dramatic structure of the Retna Paniti play as performed by Mariyanto, a puppeteer from Ngawonggo, Klaten. The research was conducted because the performance presents a distinctive dramatic form that differs from the conventional structure of the Surakarta-style pakeliran. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method, focusing on the analysis of scene sequences and the interrelation among dramatic elements. Data were collected through literature review, observation of the 2018 performance recording, and in-depth interviews with informants familiar with Mariyanto’s puppetry style. The findings indicate that the dramatic structure of Retna Paniti in Mariyanto’s version follows a pattern close to Freytag’s Pyramid theory, yet adapted to the folk puppetry tradition of the Ngawonggo substyle. The performance opens with the battle scene between Gatotkaca and Baladewa, creating immediate tension, which contrasts with the Surakarta-style convention that typically begins with the jejer scene. The dramatic flow progresses from exposition to falling action and culminates in the achievement of harmony. The central theme emphasizes ethical values concerning harmony, loyalty, and self-control in social life, maintaining its relevance in contemporary society.

This study explores the representation of hegemonic masculinity in The Super Mario Bros (2023), focusing on the character Bowser as a central figure of dominance and authority. Using Connell’s (2005) theory of hegemonic masculinity, this research identifies the masculine traits manifested through Bowser’s verbal and non-verbal expressions. The study employed a qualitative descriptive method with textual analysis on thirty selected scenes from the film. The findings reveal that Bowser exhibits all seven traits of hegemonic masculinity, including aggression and competition, dominance and control, physical strength, emotional restraint, risk-taking, sexual conquest, and self-confidence. Among these, aggression and competition (23.3%) and dominance and control (20%) are the most prominent. Bowser’s masculinity reflects how patriarchal ideals are embedded within modern animated cinema, emphasizing control, strength, and emotional suppression. This study contributes to the understanding of how traditional masculinity continues to be reproduced in contemporary media, influencing audience perceptions of male identity and power.