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Increasingly complex environmental problems, including pollution, ecosystem degradation, and climate change, demand greater awareness and active participation from all sectors of society, particularly students as agents of change. A clean and green campus environment is essential for supporting comfort, health, and the sustainability of academic activities. As centers of education and innovation, universities hold a strategic responsibility to cultivate environmental awareness through the implementation of the green campus concept. This study aims to examine the level of student awareness regarding campus cleanliness and greening based on findings from previous research. The method employed is a literature review, analyzing various relevant sources such as scientific journal articles, academic books, and policy documents related to sustainable campus management. The analysis was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach to identify recurring patterns, prevailing trends, and key factors influencing students’ environmental awareness and behavior. The results indicate that student awareness levels generally fall within the fair to good category. Students with higher environmental awareness tend to participate more actively in maintaining cleanliness and supporting campus greening initiatives. However, the development of environmentally responsible behavior is strongly influenced by adequate facilities, supportive institutional policies, and a sustainability-oriented campus culture. Therefore, strengthening the role of higher education institutions through comprehensive environmental policies and structured sustainability programs is crucial to fostering clean, green, and sustainable campuses.

Skin diseases are common health problems in boarding school environments due to communal living conditions. The implementation of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) plays an important role in preventing skin diseases and can be strengthened through pharmaceutical education. This study aimed to determine the relationship between PHBS knowledge based on pharmaceutical education and skin disease prevention behavior among Islamic boarding school students. This study employed an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 31 students were included using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using appropriate bivariate statistical tests. The results showed that most respondents had a high level of PHBS knowledge (61.29%) and good skin disease prevention behavior (58.06%). Bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between PHBS knowledge and skin disease prevention behavior (p < 0.05). This study concludes that PHBS knowledge based on pharmaceutical education is associated with skin disease prevention behavior among boarding school students. Continuous pharmaceutical education is recommended as a promotive and preventive strategy to improve students’ health in boarding school settings.

Background: Breastfeeding is a crucial practice that provides optimal nutrition and immunity for infants while supporting maternal health. However, inadequate knowledge and limited understanding about the importance of breastfeeding often lead to low motivation among pregnant women in preparing for breastfeeding. Providing structured education is expected improve pregnant women’s readiness and commitment to breastfeeding after childbirth. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of providing education about the importance of breastfeeding on the motivation of pregnant women in preparing to breastfeed at the Paguat Community Health Center UPTD. Methods: This study employed a pre-experimental design with one-group pretest–posttest approach. A total of 30 pregnant women were selected as the sample using purposive sampling techniques. Data on mothers’ motivation to prepare for breastfeeding were collected before and after the educational intervention using a structured motivation questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to assess differences in motivation levels before and after the intervention. Results: The results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant effect of breastfeeding education on the motivation of pregnant women in preparing breastfeed. The findings demonstrate that educational interventions significantly increased maternal motivation following the provision of education. Conclusion: Providing education about the importance of breastfeeding has a significant positive effect on the motivation of pregnant women in preparing to breastfeed. Therefore, breastfeeding education should be strengthened and routinely implemented during antenatal care services to improve maternal readiness and support successful breastfeeding practices.

Background: Three-monthly injectable contraception is one of the most commonly used hormonal contraceptive methods due to its effectiveness, practicality, and high acceptance among women of reproductive age. However, its use is frequently associated with menstrual changes, particularly amenorrhea, which may affect user satisfaction and continuity of contraceptive use. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the use of 3-monthly injectable contraception and the incidence of amenorrhea among women of reproductive age. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with an analytical observational design using a cross-sectional method. The study was conducted at a primary healthcare facility providing family planning services. A purposive sampling technique was applied to select respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and supported by a review of medical records. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between contraceptive use and the incidence of amenorrhea, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The results showed that more than half of the respondents experienced amenorrhea. Amenorrhea was more frequently observed among women who had used 3-monthly injectable contraception for more than one year. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the duration of 3-monthly injectable contraceptive use and the incidence of amenorrhea (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the use of 3-monthly injectable contraception and the occurrence of amenorrhea. These findings emphasize the importance of providing comprehensive counseling regarding potential menstrual changes to improve contraceptive acceptance and continuity.

Syncope or fainting is an emergency condition that commonly occurs during sports activities due to reduced blood flow and oxygen to the brain. Rapid and appropriate management is essential to prevent further complications. This study aims to determine the syncope management procedures following sports activities performed by healthcare professionals at primary healthcare facilities. This study employed direct observation and structured interviews with healthcare workers at Puskesmas Boba, Ngada on November 28, 2025. Observed aspects included initial patient condition, initial actions, vital signs examination, medical assistance provision, condition monitoring, and follow-up actions. Healthcare workers performed management according to first aid procedures by positioning patients supine, elevating both legs, loosening tight clothing, checking vital signs using sphygmomanometer and stethoscope, providing oxygen and fluids when necessary, and monitoring until condition stabilized. Main causative factors of syncope were dehydration, physical fatigue, hypoglycemia, and anemia. Syncope management requires systematic actions and adequate medical equipment. Preventive education for athletes and the community, as well as collaboration among healthcare workers, coaches, and physical education teachers is crucial to prevent recurrence.

The rapid development of digital technology has increased the risk of song copyright infringement, thereby requiring effective and adaptive law enforcement mechanisms. Song copyright, as part of intellectual property rights, is protected under Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright, with certain infringements classified as complaint-based criminal offenses. This study aims to analyze the handling of criminal cases of song copyright infringement by Civil Servant Investigators at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law in West Java and to evaluate the effectiveness of their enforcement practices. The research employs a normative-empirical method with a descriptive-analytical approach, combining statutory analysis with empirical data obtained through interviews and field observations. The findings reveal that case handling is conducted through structured stages, including complaint submission, preliminary examination, mediation, and follow-up actions. Mediation constitutes the primary mechanism for dispute resolution, reflecting the application of the ultimum remedium principle and a restorative justice approach. Although the procedural framework has been implemented in accordance with applicable regulations, enforcement effectiveness remains constrained by limited human resources, budgetary limitations, insufficient technical capacity, low public legal awareness, and inadequate inter-agency coordination. These results underscore the importance of strengthening institutional capacity and enhancing enforcement effectiveness to ensure sustainable protection of song copyright.

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping public governance, including legislative processes. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), AI is being actively utilized to enhance law-making through faster drafting, improved consistency, and greater transparency. This study examines the role of AI in the UAE’s legislative functions, focusing on how AI tools assist in analyzing legal data, formulating policy recommendations, and drafting legislation. It explores how AI impacts the speed, accuracy, and legitimacy of law-making, while also addressing the ethical and legal challenges of delegating legislative tasks to intelligent systems. Using a qualitative case study method, the paper evaluates government initiatives, expert insights, and regulatory structures that frame AI's integration into the UAE’s law-making system. While AI offers opportunities for data-driven governance and increased legislative productivity, it also presents risks such as algorithmic bias, reduced human oversight, and accountability gaps. The study emphasizes that AI must be governed by strong regulatory frameworks to safeguard democratic values, fairness, and legal integrity. By analyzing a pioneering national model, this research contributes to global discussions on AI in governance and offers key insights for policymakers, technologists, and legal scholars seeking to balance innovation with ethical and legal standards.

This study aims to describe the implementation of innovative learning strategies through the Game-Based Learning (GBL) model to enhance the active participation of tenth-grade students in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at MA Hasyimiyah. The research is motivated by the prevalence of conventional teacher-centered learning, which results in low student engagement and enthusiasm. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design, the research subjects included tenth-grade students at MA Hasyimiyah and Field Experience Practice (PPL) students as key informants who conducted the lessons directly. Data collection techniques included classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with PPL students, and documentation gathered during a one-month PPL period. The results indicate that the application of the GBL model utilizing digital media such as Quizizz, Wordwall, Zep Quiz, and Spinner, as well as manual media like question-and-answer cards, significantly increased learning motivation, classroom interaction, and active participation. This improvement was evidenced by students' increased confidence in expressing opinions and intensive involvement in group discussions. Although challenges such as limited infrastructure, unstable internet connections, and restricted student device access were identified, these obstacles were effectively overcome through adaptive strategies by PPL students, who modified digital games into manual formats. This study confirms that innovative and adaptive learning strategies play a crucial role in enhancing student participation levels, particularly within the context of schools with limited facilities.

This community service program was conducted at Madrasah Aliyah/Pondok Pesantren Al-Mansyuriyah, Tangerang, to provide students with structured experience in English news writing and digital publication through blogs. The program responded to three main partner needs: limited experience in structured English news writing, limited use of blogs for publication, and the need to strengthen students’ digital literacy and writer identity. The activity was designed as a participatory and practice-based training program through three workshops: EFL News Writing, Blogging for EFL News Writing, and English Journal Writing. The evaluation used a pre-survey, a post-survey, observation, and documentation of student blog posts. The pre-survey involved 46 students; 31 students (67.4%) had written English news articles, but 42 students (91.3%) had never used blogs or written blog posts. The post-survey involved 45 students; all respondents (100%) reported that they understood ethical blog publication, and 42 students (93.3%) reported that they could use blogs, images, links, and videos to support their writing. The program produced six student blog posts on pesantren activities, National Santri Day, Teacher’s Day, new student admission, and literacy events. These findings indicate that blog-based genre pedagogy can provide an authentic medium for introducing EFL news writing, digital publication, ethical awareness, and students’ emerging writer identity. Further mentoring is needed to evaluate and improve the linguistic accuracy, news structure, and multimodal quality of students’ writing.

Pregnancy is a crucial period that requires intensive maternal health monitoring. Prenatal exercise is a non-medical intervention that is beneficial for improving physical fitness, reducing pregnancy complaints, and preparing mothers for childbirth. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women and the implementation of prenatal exercise at the Dolik Community Health Center. This study design was quantitative descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 28 pregnant women selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire regarding knowledge, attitudes, and implementation of prenatal exercise, then analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that the majority of pregnant women had good knowledge (60.7 %) and a positive attitude towards prenatal exercise (64.3%). Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between knowledge and implementation of prenatal exercise (p = 0.021) and between attitude and implementation of prenatal exercise (p = 0.034). Mothers with good knowledge and positive attitudes were more likely to regularly participate in prenatal exercise. This study shows a relationship between knowledge and attitudes and implementation of prenatal exercise, so increasing education and fostering positive attitudes are important strategies to encourage participation of pregnant women.

This study aims to analyze production cost efficiency through the use of self-formulated feed based on rice bran in laying hen farming in Kutamandiri Village. Feed costs represent the largest component of production expenses in laying hen enterprises, reaching up to 60–70% of total operational costs. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using primary data collected through observation, interviews, and cost-revenue recording during one production period. Data were analyzed using cost structure analysis and Revenue-Cost (R/C) ratio to determine business feasibility. The results indicate that the use of rice bran-based self-formulated feed reduced feed costs and lowered total production expenses. The calculated R/C ratio was 1.43, indicating that the enterprise is financially feasible and profitable. Additionally, the findings suggest that utilizing locally available feed resources such as rice bran can improve cost efficiency, reduce reliance on external feed supplies, and enhance the sustainability of small-scale laying hen enterprises. This research provides valuable insights for farmers in Kutamandiri Village and other similar agricultural communities looking to optimize production costs and improve their profitability by adopting cost-effective, locally sourced feed options.

The analysis of locutionary speech acts is a pragmatic study that can reveal the role of digital communication in the learning process, particularly in educational videos such as the Positive Psychology Class on the YouTube channel Garvin Goei. Within this video, there are various forms of utterances, such as declarative, interrogative, and imperative, which serve to convey information clearly and build understanding among viewers. The accurate formulation of locutionary utterances will also influence the effectiveness of online learning, necessitating an in-depth analysis to assess their quality. The objective of this research is to identify the forms and functions of locutionary speech acts present in the video, which can subsequently be used as a reference in designing educational content. Good quality locutionary speech acts will impact learners' comprehension and interaction abilities in a distance learning context. The methodology employed is a descriptive qualitative approach, beginning with data collection through observation and note-taking techniques on the Garvin Goei YouTube video. The observation technique involves reading and observing the entire video content, while the note-taking technique includes recording locutionary utterances and re-verifying the obtained findings. After conducting the analysis, 606 data points of locutionary speech acts were obtained, with a dominance of declarative sentences (213), interrogative (145), and imperative (88), indicating variations in sentence structure and the use of conjunctions. The quality of these utterances is evaluated based on clarity of meaning, pragmatic function, and level of complexity. The results of this research are expected to serve as a reference for teaching materials and provide deeper insights into the influence of locutionary speech acts on the quality of digital educational communication.

This study examines the seismic performance of slender Air Traffic Control (ATC) towers in high‑hazard regions (PGA > 0.4g), where vertical taper, torsional eccentricity, and top‑heavy cab mass can significantly increase drift, base shear, and collapse risk relative to conventional buildings. Existing studies often rely on linear procedures and outdated provisions, leading to underestimation of nonlinear behaviour and limited guidance for ATC towers designed to SNI 1726:2019. The research aims to quantify these irregularity effects and formulate design recommendations that satisfy Immediate Occupancy, Life Safety, and Collapse Prevention performance targets. The methodology couples response spectrum analysis, using a site‑specific Padang spectrum consistent with SNI 1726:2019 and ASCE 7‑16, with nonlinear pushover analysis interpreted through FEMA/ATC performance‑based criteria. A parametric study is performed on three cab configurations small, medium, and large modelled as 5%, 15%, and 25% mass ratios at the tower head, while keeping a 10 m × 10 m hybrid core–frame shaft constant. Results indicate that larger cab mass produces systematic but moderate increases in global displacement, story drift, and base shear, while plastic hinges localize primarily in the upper stories and cab‑support region, yielding performance levels from Immediate Occupancy to Collapse Prevention. Overall, the tower meets code drift limits and acceptable performance if local strengthening is provided around the shaft–cab interface, offering a calibrated reference for top‑heavy ATC tower design in Indonesian high‑seismic settings and identifying priorities for future time‑history and soil–structure interaction studies.

Oral communication is a core competency in 21st-century education; however, instructional materials in elementary schools tend to emphasize reading and writing rather than structured speaking practice. This gap highlights the need for innovative learning resources that explicitly foster students’ oral communication skills. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a Project-Based Learning (PjBL) module designed to enhance the oral communication skills of fourth-grade elementary school students. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, encompassing analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The participants were 30 fourth-grade students, and the developed module was validated by three experts in material, media, and language. Data were collected through validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and pretest–posttest performance assessments.The expert validation results indicated high feasibility, with scores of 95% (material), 94% (media), and 96% (language), yielding an overall average of 95%. Teacher and student responses demonstrated strong practicality (92% and 88%, respectively; average 90%). The effectiveness test revealed a significant improvement in students’ oral communication performance, with mean scores increasing from 67 (pretest) to 86 (posttest), resulting in an N-Gain of 0.65, categorized as moderately high effectiveness. These findings suggest that the developed PjBL module is feasible, practical, and effective in improving elementary students’ oral communication skills. The study contributes to the field of communication-oriented instructional design by demonstrating how structured project-based modules, supported by simple digital enhancements such as QR-linked instructional videos, can systematically integrate speaking practice into Indonesian language learning at the primary level.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Adiwiyata Program as a means of environmental conservation at SMA Negeri 3 Sukabumi City. The Adiwiyata Program is a government effort to increase environmental awareness in schools, with a focus on developing schools that care about and have an environmental culture. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, involving observation, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The research informants consisted of the Head of the Adiwiyata Program Division of the Sukabumi City Environmental Agency, the Principal of SMA Negeri 3, and students involved in Adiwiyata activities. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the Adiwiyata Program at SMA Negeri 3 Sukabumi City has been running quite well. In terms of communication, the program is well socialized to all school residents by the Environmental Agency and the school. In terms of resources, the program is supported by competent human resources and adequate infrastructure. The school's commitment and active student participation are also reflected in the disposition dimension. Meanwhile, in the bureaucratic structure dimension, program implementation is supported by a clear division of tasks through the formation of an Adiwiyata team at the school. This program has succeeded in increasing the school community's awareness and concern for environmental conservation.

Evaluation of training programs at the UPT Balai Latihan Kerja (BLK) in East Java has become an essential component in measuring the success of competency-based training implementation that aligns with labor market needs. This study applies the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to answer the research questions regarding the effectiveness of training programs at UPT Balai Latihan Kerja (BLK) in East Java in improving work competencies, the evaluation models used in BLK training programs, and the challenges documented in the design of the evaluation studies. The literature search was conducted through Google Scholar using inclusion and exclusion criteria, guided by the research questions determined by the researcher, and a three-point Quality Assessment framework to assess the methodological rigor and contribution of each journal's evaluation results. From the five journals analyzed, the key findings indicate that BLK training programs in East Java are relevant to workforce development needs and implemented based on the Competency-Based Curriculum (Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi/KBK). This study contributes important insights to the understanding of vocational program evaluation at BLK, highlighting that current evaluation approaches possess structured and relevant implementation foundations, and generate a positive impact in supporting the improvement of work competencies among BLK participants and alumni, particularly in the East Java region.

This study uses a bibliometric analysis based on Scopus data to map the literature on capital structure development for the period 2018–2023. Using articles from Q1 and Q2 indexed journals selected using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this study examines publication trends, dominant keywords, and theme evolution using VOSviewer. The results show a shift in focus from classical theories (such as trade-off and pecking order) to contemporary issues such as ESG, green finance, and digitalization. In addition, the majority of studies are still dominated by developed countries, while contributions from developing countries are still limited. These findings highlight the need for a contextual approach and updating of theoretical models in capital structure research, as well as providing an initial foundation for empirical studies in the technology sector of developing countries.

Toddlers are a critical age group 0–59 months who require optimal nutritional intake to support physical and cognitive growth and development. The quality of toddler feeding patterns is influenced by family socioeconomic factors, including income, education, and parental occupation. This study aims to analyze the relationship between family socioeconomic status and toddler feeding patterns in the working area of the Saritani Community Health Center, Boalemo Regency. This study used an observational design with a cross-sectional approach and involved 40 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, interviews, observations, and secondary data from the Community Health Center, then analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p < 0.05 . Results: Most families have middle (45%) and low (40%) socioeconomic status. Good feeding patterns are received by 55% of toddlers, while 45% have inadequate feeding patterns. The analysis shows a significant relationship between family socioeconomic status and toddler feeding patterns (p = 0.043). Families with low incomes and limited maternal education tend to provide food with less than optimal variety and nutritional content. Conclusion: Family socioeconomic status has a significant influence on toddler feeding patterns in Saritani.

This study was carried out at RS Hj. Fatimah Sulhan in Kabupaten Demak, Jawa Tengah, which functioned as both the research site and the moderating context of the investigation. The research aims to examine how personal compensation, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and organizational commitment influence employee work performance within the hospital environment. A quantitative research design was implemented, involving 150 employees selected as respondents through appropriate sampling procedures. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and subsequently analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the AMOS software to test the hypothesized relationships among variables. The findings reveal that personal compensation, OCB, and organizational commitment each exert a positive and statistically significant impact on employee performance. These results indicate that fair and competitive compensation, strong voluntary work behaviors, and a high level of commitment to organizational goals collectively enhance productivity, service effectiveness, teamwork quality, and overall institutional performance in the healthcare setting.

This study examines the transformation of family structures among Syrian refugees in Gaziantep, Turkey, using a meta-synthesis of 47 studies published between 2015 and 2024. The research focuses on changes in relational, economic, and normative aspects due to prolonged displacement. The findings reveal significant shifts in family dynamics, with 73.8% of families redefining traditional gender roles and 64.2% of women becoming the primary breadwinners. The divorce rate increased by 42.6%, with 38.7% of cases linked to economic pressures. Logistic regression shows a strong correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.001) between displacement duration and family structure transformation. The study supports Heger, Boyle, and Ali’s (2010) argument about the fluidity of gender roles in forced migration but challenges Buscher’s (2011) view on the persistence of patriarchal structures. Additionally, 82.3% of families adopted more egalitarian parenting, and children's participation in education rose to 67.4%, reducing the gender gap to 8.2%. The study also identifies adaptive strategies, such as the use of communal support systems by 58.6% of families and the integration of local cultural values by 45.2%, offering insights into resilience and adaptive capacity in prolonged crises.