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This paper discusses in depth the juridical review of the Draft Law on the Indonesian National Army (RUU TNI), by highlighting two key principles in the Indonesian constitutional system, namely civilian supremacy and the principle of the rule of law. Civilian supremacy places civilian authorities - especially the president and parliament - above military institutions in state policy-making, as a guarantee that military power does not become an autonomous force that can intervene in civilian political and governance processes. In this context, the role of the TNI must be placed proportionally and in accordance with the mandate of the constitution, especially Article 30 of the 1945 Constitution which affirms that the TNI as a means of state defence is subject to state policies and political decisions.Through a normative-analytical approach, this article examines the substance of the TNI Bill, including clauses governing the TNI's main tasks, its involvement in military operations other than war (OMSP), as well as authorities that could potentially have multiple interpretations if not accompanied by strict legal supervision and restrictions. Although this bill appears to respond to global dynamics in modern military governance, a number of provisions in it raise concerns about the imbalance between civilian and military power. If not anticipated with an effective civilian control system and transparent accountability mechanisms, the TNI Bill has the potential to deviate from the principles of the rule of law.

The phenomenon of catcalling is a form of verbal sexual harassment that is often trivialized by society, even though this practice reflects the existence of symbolic power that places women in a subordinate position in public spaces. Catcalling demonstrates the enduring dominance of patriarchal culture, which is embedded through language and actions that appear ordinary yet subtly demean women's dignity. This study aims to describe the forms and characteristics of catcalling, examine catcalling as a manifestation of symbolic violence, and identify the social and psychological impacts experienced by victims. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through direct observation and in-depth interviews with young women at Taman Literasi Blok M. Based on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of symbolic violence, this study concludes that catcalling not only has an emotional impact but also reinforces gender inequality that is internalized in social norms. This practice occurs through a symbolic process that is inherited and normalized in everyday interactions.

The development of science and technology has caused the military forces of many countries to spend a lot of money and energy on research and development of automated, multi-faceted and effective (including lethal) technology. From a maritime perspective, this development has attracted widespread interest from many navies in underwater technology such as submarines and unmanned submarines. Modern submarines are now capable of moving at high speeds with very low noise levels, in addition to being able to carry weapons with very high destructive power and carry out diving operations for long periods of time. At the same time, modern unmanned underwater vehicles are now capable of carrying out various types of operations, including surveillance, minelaying, underwater surveys, and even the ability to carry long-range weapons up to thousands of kilometers away. It is undeniable that the development of other countries' navies is a real threat to Indonesia. To overcome this problem, an underwater surveillance system is needed in Indonesian waters, especially in deep waters which are likely to be used by other countries such as ALKI to carry out covert operations. This underwater surveillance system must utilize existing technological developments in order to carry out its functions effectively and sustainably, especially by using autonomous underwater vehicles (USVs). The use of USV in surveillance systems will save a lot of costs because it does not waste budget on expensive logistics, personnel, maintenance, and spare parts. This research is a research and development using mixed research methods (qualitative and quantitative) with research products in conceptual form. In this underwater surveillance system concept, USV will automatically conduct underwater contact surveillance along the ALKI II water body using sensors and software integrated into the USV.

The Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) project in Batukuwung Village, Padarincang District, Serang Regency, has raised concerns among the community about the threat of environmental damage and the disruption of the sustainability of local agricultural systems. During this time, the community relies on traditional agriculture that is closely tied to local social, cultural and ecological values. This research aims to assess the social and ecological impacts of the PLTP project on the lives of village communities. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study, through purposive sampling techniques for in-depth interviews with affected residents, as well as online media analysis. The results show that the presence of the project has created ecological and social vulnerabilities, especially disruptions to water and land access, and narrowed the space for community participation in decision-making. The findings show that the clean energy narrative is not always in line with the reality on the ground. This research emphasizes the importance of the principles of ecological justice and local community sovereignty in energy development policies, especially in areas that depend on natural sustainability.  

Advances in digital technology have brought significant changes in the way local brands build their brand image and positioning in the market. Social media is one of the main platforms used in marketing communication strategies because of its ability to reach a wide and interactive audience. This research aims to analyze the marketing communication strategy implemented by Daclen, a local fashion brand from Bandung, in shaping sales positioning through the Instagram account @Daclen.id and its official website. The research method used was qualitative descriptive with data collection through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The analysis was carried out using the Circular Method of SOME (Share, Optimize, Manage, Engage) approach which emphasizes the connection between content sharing, message optimization, communication channel management, and active engagement with consumers. The results show that Daclen has succeeded in developing a simple, yet consistent and targeted digital communication strategy. Instagram is used as the primary medium to strengthen the visual power of brands, through uploading high-quality product photos, promotional videos, and active interaction with audiences. Meanwhile, Daclen's official website functions as a credibility center that provides complete information about products, prices, and after-sales service. The combination of the two creates a well-rounded consumer experience and supports an exclusive perception of the brand. Each stage in the SOME model is executed optimally. The Share stage includes the distribution of creative content with a consistent upload schedule. Optimize is done by adjusting messages according to trends and audience responses. Manage focuses on account management and interaction monitoring, while Engage focuses on building emotional connections through quick responses and interactive content. The implications of this study show that the SOME-model-based digital communication approach can help local brands such as Daclen strengthen their positioning, build an exclusive image, and create long-term relationships with consumers amid increasingly fierce competition in the digital fashion industry.

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of suction power effectiveness on cyclones in Light Tenera Dust Separator (LTDS) 1 and 2 units on the level of palm kernel losses at PTPN IV Regional II Plantation Unit and Adolina Palm Oil Mill (POM). Palm kernel loss is a significant factor that can reduce production efficiency, as palm kernel has high economic value and is the main product in the palm oil industry. Kernel losses not only reduce production efficiency but also create significant economic disadvantages for the palm oil mill. The research method used was a gravimetric method with a field experiment approach. The research process included sampling from LTDS waste, separating kernels from shells, and measuring suction speed using an anemometer to determine cyclone performance. The gravimetric method was applied to quantify the proportion of kernel mixed with shell waste, providing measurable data on suction efficiency. The results showed that low suction power effectiveness was directly proportional to the increasing number of kernels that were thrown away with the shells. In other words, poor suction performance directly correlates with higher kernel losses. The main contributing factors include leaks in the cyclone, suboptimal blower settings, and inadequate operator skills. Operational skills and equipment maintenance were identified as crucial determinants of system performance. Based on these findings, improvements to the suction system are recommended through routine maintenance, leak checks, and blower setting calibration. Furthermore, operator training is required to precisely adjust suction power. By maintaining suction effectiveness and optimizing blower settings, kernel losses can be reduced below the standard threshold of 2.0%. Thus, mills can improve operational efficiency while minimizing economic losses due to palm kernel loss.  

This study investigates how data visualization helps retail companies make Business Intelligence (BI)-based decisions. The study processed one year of sales data with a quantitative descriptive approach to find seasonal patterns, performance by region, and customer consumption tendencies. The analysis results show that BI software such as Microsoft Power BI can visualize data more easily and accelerate understanding of business performance. Strategic decisions such as promotional planning and product inventory management are more effective with interactive visualization, which allows decision makers to see data in a more understandable way. The study found that data visualization in BI systems can help retail businesses make better decisions. These results show the importance of incorporating BI into a company's operational processes and using interactive visualization to improve overall business performance.

This study investigates the impact of tail configuration variations on flight stability and battery energy efficiency in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Three distinct tail types were tested: the conventional tail, the T-Tail, and the V-Tail. The objective was to compare how these tail designs affected the overall performance of UAVs, especially focusing on the balance between stability and energy efficiency. The experiments were conducted through a series of flight tests in a controlled outdoor environment, providing reliable and accurate data. During these flight tests, several performance metrics were recorded, including IMU-based angular deviations for pitch, roll, and yaw, energy consumption, flight time, voltage, and battery power. The data collected allowed for a thorough analysis of how the tail design influenced the flight characteristics of the UAVs. The results showed that the T-Tail configuration provided the highest flight stability, as indicated by the smallest angular deviations and minimal vibration during flight. This design’s enhanced stability made it the most reliable, especially for missions requiring precision control. In contrast, the V-Tail configuration proved to be the most energy-efficient, consuming only 22.80 Wh. Despite its low energy consumption, the V-Tail showed the lowest stability due to control coupling between the pitch and yaw axes, resulting in higher angular deviations and less precise control. The conventional tail, while not the best in terms of either stability or energy efficiency, struck a reasonable balance between the two. This configuration provided adequate stability while ensuring efficient battery usage, making it a suitable choice for general UAV applications. The findings of this study highlight the direct influence of tail design on UAV performance. There is a clear trade-off between flight stability and energy efficiency, with the conventional tail offering the best compromise.

The utilization of the CapCut application is widely adopted by Hajj and Umrah travel agents for the creation and editing of various types of promotional videos, owing to its comprehensive functions and powerful video processing capabilities. This research is titled “Utilization of the CapCut Application for Video Creation and Editing of Digital Promotional Media for Hajj and Umrah Travel Agent Teras Hanania 038 Bekasi.” Conventionally, business owners in the Hajj and Umrah travel sector have only marketed their package products through traditional methods, utilizing printed brochures or pamphlets distributed manually. The reach of this conventional marketing type is unable to widely penetrate the target market.The objective of this research is to explore the utilization of the CapCut application by outlining the workflow for video creation and editing using the application. This process aims to produce creative videos that are attractive and dynamic, capable of sharing complete information through a brief narrative. This digital promotional media is intended to assist Teras Hanania 038 Bekasi in introducing and marketing its Hajj and Umrah packages to prospective pilgrims worldwide, thereby reaching a significantly broader target market. The research methods employed are Library Research and Field Research.

Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are experiencing the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. The decline in consumer purchasing power is a challenge for SMEs in carrying out their business production. One of the opportunities for MSME actors to survive in the current pandemic is by maximizing online sales. But not a few MSME actors who still do not understand to use online sales. Therefore, it is necessary to empower the community of MSME actors in trying online markets or other options by empowering MSME actors in branding superior products. By using and managing the right digital media, it is hoped that business actors can increase public interest in products. Digital media that can be used include Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, Youtube, GrabFood/Go-Food or other platforms. Business actors can also carry out brand awareness offline, that is, they can develop innovations that do not yet exist, such as promotions by distributing brochures, creating attractive menu lists or creating price tags. The approach method used in community service this time is in the form of mentoring business actors regarding the development of MSME business innovations where members go directly to the field. This MSME assistance activity was carried out. The process of SME Mentoring activities is in the form of interviews with business owners to find out the current situation of their business conditions, members help make snack box orders, make banners/banners and price tags as an effort to carry out brand awareness, and members also provide medical equipment in the form of masks, hand sanitizer, and plastic gloves to business managers as a form of attention to always maintain health protocols when interacting with customers.

Islamic education plays a strategic role in supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in the areas of social empowerment and environmental preservation. This research is motivated by the need for an educational approach that is not only religious but also capable of driving fair and sustainable social transformation. This study aims to analyze how Islamic education, especially through institutions such as Islamic boarding schools and madrasas, integrates sustainability values into curricula and daily practices. The method employed is qualitative research with a descriptive-analytical approach, examining various Islamic educational practices that align with the principles of the SDGs. The results show that Islamic values such as maslahah 'ammah (public benefit), justice, and the role of humans as khalifah (stewards) strongly support the foundations of sustainable development. Islamic educational institutions have been actively engaged in social, economic, and environmental activities, including skills training, Islamic entrepreneurship, reforestation programs, and waste management. Although challenges remain—such as limited resources and teacher training—Islamic education holds great potential to foster self-reliant and environmentally conscious communities. Through curriculum strengthening, continuous teacher development, and cross-sector collaboration, Islamic education can serve as a powerful driver of change toward a more just and sustainable future.

This article explores the song lyrics of “Somebody’s Pleasure” by Indonesian artist Aziz Hedra through the lens of Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The song reveals a narrative of emotional neglect, objectification, and the yearning for genuine affection. Van Dijk’s three-dimensional model—textual structure, cognitive processes, and social context—is applied to dissect how the language in the song reflects individual mental states and broader social ideologies regarding love, self-worth, and power relations in modern relationships.  

This study aims to determine the Influence of Service Attributes, Power, Attraction and Excellence on Consumer Satisfaction at CV Eko Auto Service Workshop in Harjosari II Village, Medan Amplas District. In this study, the data collection technique used the random sampling method, the sample used was 65 respondents. All analyses in this study were assisted by the SPSS 25.0 program. The data analysis technique was carried out through classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. Based on the t-test that has been carried out, the results obtained were that the Sig. value of the Service Attribute variable was obtained at 0.001 <0.05 and the t count value (2.716)> t table (1.670). So it can be concluded that the Service Attribute variable has a positive and significant effect on the Consumer Satisfaction variable. Furthermore, the Sig. value of the Attractiveness variable obtained was 0.004 <0.05 and the t count value (3.154)> t table (1.670). So it can be concluded that the Attractiveness variable has a significant effect on the Consumer Satisfaction variable. Furthermore, the Sig. value of the Excellence variable obtained is 0.000 <0.05 which has a significant effect on the Consumer Satisfaction variable. From these data, the calculated t value is (10.882)> t table (1.670). So it can be stated that the Excellence variable has a positive and significant effect on the Consumer Satisfaction variable.

This study examines the persuasive strategies used by Anies Baswedan in his TEDx speech titled “Governments, Make Public Transport Equitable.” As the Governor of Jakarta, Baswedan delivered the speech on a global platform to advocate for equitable, inclusive, and sustainable public transportation. The research focuses on how he employs Aristotle’s classical rhetorical appeals, namely ethos to establish credibility, pathos to create emotional connection, and logos to present logical reasoning, in order to engage and persuade his audience. Using qualitative rhetorical analysis, the study explores how these appeals are combined and positioned throughout the speech. The official transcript was carefully analyzed to identify statements that reflect each persuasive strategy. The findings show that logos is the most dominant appeal, as Baswedan presents data, measurable goals, and clear policy outcomes. Ethos is conveyed through his position, achievements, and inclusive vision, while pathos emerges in moments where he highlights social justice, the urgency of addressing climate change, and the unifying power of public transport. This research shows that rhetorical appeals in political speeches like Baswedan’s are not applied in a strict sequence but are interwoven to strengthen the overall persuasive impact. The study offers insight into how classical rhetorical strategies are applied in modern communication platforms such as TEDx.

The micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) sector plays a vital role in sustaining the national economy, particularly in food security and employment absorption. However, this sector remains highly vulnerable to economic disruptions, including large-scale layoffs in the industrial sector. This study aims to examine the socio-economic impacts of layoffs on the sustainability of traditional fish processing businesses. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews with a traditional fish processor who has operated since 1990 in Tanjung Morawa, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. The findings reveal that layoffs have led to a significant decline in consumer purchasing power, resulting in a drop in daily production volume (from 20 to 5–8 baskets) and increased waste due to unsold inventory. The lack of innovation, absence of adaptive strategies, and minimal external support have further exacerbated the business’s vulnerability. Therefore, policy interventions and capacity-building programs are essential to enhance the resilience of MSMEs amid labor market fluctuations.  

This article explores the song lyrics of “Somebody’s Pleasure” by Indonesian artist Aziz Hedra through the lens of Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The song reveals a narrative of emotional neglect, objectification, and the yearning for genuine affection. Van Dijk’s three-dimensional model—textual structure, cognitive processes, and social context—is applied to dissect how the language in the song reflects individual mental states and broader social ideologies regarding love, self-worth, and power relations in modern relationships.  

This research examines the impact and influence of Squid Game 2 on American public perceptions of South Korea, as well as how the series has become an instrument of soft power in bilateral relations between the two countries. This research is based on the increasing influence of South Korean popular culture in the global arena, especially in the entertainment industry that plays a diplomatic role and can shape public perception. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Data was collected using content analysis techniques obtained from various secondary data such as mass media articles, entertainment industry reports, previous research, and audience reviews on social media. The results showed that Squid Game 2 succeeded in increasing the interest and enthusiasm of the American public for South Korean culture, as well as strengthening South Korea's image and position as a global cultural force. The Squid Game 2 series became popular among the American public because of the storyline containing cultural elements, the characters played by well-known actors in South Korea, the long-awaited continuation of the story from the previous season, and the innovative marketing strategy that made fans actively promote the series voluntarily. Thus, in this phenomenon, the Squid Game 2 series became a tool of South Korean diplomacy in the United States through an approach based on the appeal of popular culture, namely the entertainment industry.

Understanding the legal system before the arrival of Islam is essential to trace the social, cultural, and spiritual transformation of society, especially Arab. The pre-Islamic legal system, known as the Jahiliyah legal sistem, reflects the social reality of the time and is the main comparison for the radical changes brought by Islam. This study aims to provide an explanation of the forms of law, their characteristics, and sources of law that applied in the pre-Islamic period (Jahiliyah) before the arrival of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. This study uses a qualitative approach with a historical descriptive method. Based on the results of an in-depth study of the pre-Islamic legal sistem (Jahiliyah), it can be concluded that the law in the pre-Islamic period was unstructured, particularistic, and heavily influenced by customary power and tribal dominance.

This article comprehensively examines the impact of inflation on the welfare of Indonesian society from a public economics perspective. High inflation has been proven to erode purchasing power, widen economic inequality, and worsen quality of life, especially for fixed- and low-income groups. Rising prices of basic necessities force households to sacrifice spending on education and health, increasing the risk of poverty and lowering the human development index. Inflation also creates economic uncertainty, hampers investment, and triggers social conflict due to public unrest. Empirical studies indicate that every 1% increase in inflation can reduce real purchasing power by up to 2.3% and increase the number of poor people. To mitigate these regressive effects, integration of monetary, fiscal, and adaptive social protection policies is required. The experience of Indonesia and other countries underscores the importance of inter-institutional synergy and evidence-based interventions to maintain price stability and equitable welfare. In conclusion, inflation control should be seen as a long-term investment in human development and social justice, not merely as a macroeconomic stability target.

The study aims to analyze the influence of affiliate marketing sales techniques on product selling power at Toko Pedia. In today's digital era, this technique is increasingly relevant, especially with the increasing number of internet users who prefer to shop online. This study focuses on analyzing the effectiveness of affiliate marketing techniques in increasing product sales in encouraging increased product sales volume and identifying the determining factors that influence it. This study utilizes a qualitative survey method with data collection through questionnaires distributed to affiliates.The method applied is a qualitative survey with data collection through questionnaires addressed to affiliates and consumers at Toko Pedia. The findings of this study are expected to provide important insights for business practitioners in designing more effective marketing strategies and increasing competitiveness in the digital marketplace.