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This study aims to analyze the efficiency of raw material inventory control for bread products at Rejeki Bakery in Mijen, Semarang, and to examine the application of the Material Requirement Planning (MRP) method in optimizing raw material inventory costs. The research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data as the main source. The data analysis technique utilized in this study is the Material Requirement Planning (MRP) method, which includes three inventory control techniques: Lot For Lot (LFL), Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), and Period Order Quantity (POQ). Each method was analyzed to determine the most efficient inventory cost. The results show that the raw material inventory cost using the Lot For Lot (LFL) method is Rp 2,400,000.00, the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method results in an inventory cost of Rp 2,992,600.00, while the Period Order Quantity (POQ) method incurs a cost of Rp 6,924,800.00. Additionally, the current raw material inventory cost under Rejeki Bakery’s management policy is Rp 2,681,600.00. Based on these findings, the implementation of the Material Requirement Planning (MRP) method at Rejeki Bakery in Mijen, Semarang, has demonstrated its effectiveness in improving the efficiency of inventory management. Among the three techniques analyzed, the Lot For Lot (LFL) method proves to be the most cost-effective, as it minimizes excess inventory while ensuring that production needs are met. This study highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate inventory control method to optimize costs and enhance operational efficiency in bakery production.

Supplier selection is a strategic element in supply chain management to ensure operational efficiency and business sustainability. This study aims to determine the best urea supplier for PT DSSA 1, a textile company specializing in dyeing and finishing processes, using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. This method was chosen for its ability to systematically analyze interdependencies among criteria, leading to more accurate and comprehensive decision-making. Data were collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews with internal company sources, and relevant literature reviews. The analysis was based on five main criteria: quality, price, service, delivery, and flexibility, each further broken down into sub-criteria. The results indicate that quality is the most critical criterion, with the highest weight of 23.19%, followed by price, service, and delivery, each with relatively balanced weights of 19.93%. Flexibility, although ranked last with a weight of 17.01%, remains relevant, especially for urgent orders. Based on the analysis, Supplier A was identified as the best choice with the highest overall weight, followed by Supplier B and Supplier C. This study provides practical contributions by offering strategic recommendations for PT DSSA 1 in selecting suppliers that support production efficiency and business sustainability. The study is limited in the scope of criteria and the number of suppliers analyzed. Future research is recommended to explore more variables, expand the sample size, and consider the implementation of digital technologies to optimize the supply chain.

The development of the economy and business sector in every country in the world is a trigger for competition between companies to gain profit. This competition raises demands for the relevance and reliability of the company's financial reports that are sustainable, which are intended to avoid conflict between users of financial reports, both internally and externally, so that proper company management is needed in managing the components in the company. This writing is a descriptive qualitative research in the form of observation, interviews and documentation at PT PLN (Persero). Based on the data found that non-operating assets are still included in the status of operating assets and if not immediately proposed will increase the accumulated depreciation costs. Depreciation costs are one of the elements of the company's operational costs that affect the company's profit because they reduce revenue. In addition to depreciation costs, there are also costs that will have an impact, namely the cost of maintaining warehouse operations. Therefore, the company must develop a more efficient and effective strategy to manage these non-operating assets so as not to burden operations and financial performance in the long term. Thus, it is concluded that in the implementation of the asset management system there are still various obstacles in the form of incomplete administrative data and assets that have not been neatly inventoried and external obstacles such as irregular material returns that further complicate asset data management. So the author makes a recommendation, namely the implementation of an integrated asset digitalization system to help track the condition and location of assets more accurately, to speed up the identification process.

Environmental health such as proper medical waste management in accordance with existing requirements. The purpose of this study was to determine the sources of infectious medical waste at RSUD Haji Makassar. The research method used is a qualitative method with a post-positivistic or enterprising approach and observation. The types of data used are primary and secondary data. The results of the study indicate that at the sorting and reduction stage it has been implemented but in the sorting section there are still errors in plastic bags not being labeled regarding the type of waste, at the storage stage there are still errors in temporary storage places that can be accessed by animals, at the transportation stage there are still some that are not in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number 56 of 2015 such as medical waste managers also do not use complete personal protective equipment and do not have a special route for waste transportation, at the processing stage it is not carried out because the incinerator in the hospital does not have an operational permit and at the stockpiling and burial stages it is also not carried out because medical waste management has been handed over to a third party. RSUD Haji Makassar pays more attention to all waste management processes that are not yet adequate and the management of incinerator use permits for better waste management.

This study aims to analyze credit management strategies in reducing non-performing loans (NPL) at PT. BPR Ambulu Dhanaartha in Jember Regency. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through direct interviews with the bank, observation, and documentation studies from various relevant sources. The results of the study indicate that PT. BPR Ambulu Dhanaartha implements credit management strategies through the stages of planning, organizing, implementing, and monitoring. The factors causing non-performing loans come from internal aspects, such as credit analysis errors, as well as external factors, such as economic conditions and disasters. The handling strategies implemented include restructuring, rescheduling, and confiscation of collateral. By implementing strict credit analysis, structured credit policies, periodic supervision, and effective collection strategies, PT. BPR Ambulu Dhanaartha is able to minimize the risk of non-performing loans and maintain its operational stability.  

The increasing reliance on information technology (IT) across various sectors has led to the growing importance of managing IT risks effectively. Information technology systems are prone to a variety of risks, including cybersecurity threats, system failures, and human errors. These risks can have severe consequences, such as financial loss, data breaches, and operational disruptions. To address these challenges, organizations must adopt comprehensive risk management strategies. This literature-based study explores various approaches and frameworks for managing IT risks, such as ISO 27001, NIST, and OCTAVE, by reviewing existing research and methodologies. The study aims to identify best practices, challenges, and trends in the field of IT risk management, offering insights into how organizations can improve their risk management strategies to enhance the resilience of their IT systems. Through this literature review, the paper highlights the importance of a systematic approach to IT risk management and provides recommendations for organizations seeking to mitigate risks and safeguard their technological.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing Accurate accounting software in financial report management at PT. XYZ). Accurate is utilized to enhance operational efficiency, recording accuracy, and real-time financial reporting. The findings reveal that the use of Accurate reduces recording errors and accelerates the financial reporting process. Integration features across modules such as purchasing, sales, and inventory improve interdepartmental data consistency. Additionally, Accurate helps the company comply with Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) and tax regulations through automated reporting. Key success factors include adequate employee training and feature customization tailored to the needs of manufacturing companies. This study concludes that technology-based accounting software not only improves financial data accuracy but also supports better strategic decision-making for management.

This research was designed using Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a tool for visualizing system requirements. The system designed is expected to improve efficiency, accuracy and speed of service, thereby providing a better experience for customers and making it easier for Bank Sumut officers to manage registration data. The system development method used is waterfall. The research results show that the designed information system can automate various manual processes such as collecting prospective customer data, document validation, and managing account data. It is hoped that this management information system can be used to provide an overview of the applications that will be created to increase the Bank's operational productivity and minimize the potential for administrative errors, as well as supporting the digital transformation of Bank North Sumatra in facing competition in the banking sector.

Hotel booking cancellations pose significant challenges to the hospitality industry, affecting revenue management, demand forecasting, and operational efficiency. This study explores the application of machine learning techniques to predict hotel booking cancellations, leveraging structured data derived from hotel management systems. Various classification algorithms, including Random Forest, XGBoost, and LightGBM were evaluated to identify the most effective predictive model. The findings reveal that XGBoost model outperforms other models, achieving F2-score of 0.7897. Key influencing factors include deposit type, total number of special requests, and marketing segment. The results underscore the potential of predictive modeling in optimizing hotel revenue strategies by enabling proactive measures such as dynamic pricing, targeted customer engagement, and improved overbooking policies. This study contributes to the ongoing advancements in data-driven decision-making within the hospitality industry, offering insights into how machine learning can mitigate financial risks associated with booking cancellations.

Admission services in the emergency department (IGD) are an important part of hospital operations that require effective management to support health services. Optimal medical record management requires human resource planning according to actual workload. This research was conducted to analyze the need for admission registration at the Duren Sawit Regional Special Hospital (RSKD) with a quantitative approach using descriptive methods. The research results show that RSKD Duren Sawit has Standard Operational Procedures (SPO) which refer to Minister of Health Regulation No. 33 of 2015 in planning health human resource needs (HRK). Health workload analysis indicates that the ideal requirement is seven admissions officers, while currently only five officers are available, so there is a shortage of two officers. Factors that influence the workload of admission registration include: Man, namely the limited number of officers in the medical records unit, Machine, namely the BPJS server down and power outages, Material, namely the mixed admissions work room with the cashier so the medical record files are still in one room, Method, namely the HR application process at RSKD Duren Sawit found no obstacles, Money, namely there is no budget planning for additional officers in the medical records unit.

Over the past 20 years, as globalization has fully embraced industry, the study that evaluates the impact of strategic planning on manufacturing companies' performance has garnered a lot of interest from academic researchers and business practitioners. the spotlight. However, there aren't many empirical research looking into the connection between corporate performance and strategic management in Nigeria. Therefore, this study's primary goal was to present more proof of how strategic management (SM) affects Nigeria's manufacturing sectors' performance. Five sizable listed manufacturing companies in the city of Lagos were chosen. 50 respondents from the chosen firms were purposefully chosen to complete a structured questionnaire, which provided the study with primary data. In order to achieve the stated particular objectives of the study, the obtained data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The outcome demonstrated that strategic management significantly impacted the operational performance and profitability of the certain manufacturing companies. Additionally, there was a strong correlation between the firms' level of rivalry and strategic management. According to the study's findings, strategic management is essential for improving business performance in Nigeria's manufacturing sectors.

Inventory management is a critical aspect of retail operations, including at Sinar Kudus Nabire Building Materials Store. The current manual system is prone to recording errors, data loss, and slow stock updates, leading to operational inefficiency and risks of overstock or stock shortages. This study aims to develop a web-based inventory management application using the Agile method to improve efficiency and accuracy in stock management. The application is designed with features for real-time stock recording, searching, and updating, as well as a login system for security. The results show that the application accelerates the process of searching and updating stock data, reduces the risk of overstock and stock shortages, and facilitates decision-making related to inventory management. Academically, this research contributes to the literature on the development of web-based inventory management applications, particularly for building material stores. Practically, the application helps improve operational efficiency and stock data accuracy at Sinar Kudus Nabire Building Materials Store. This study is limited to developing a basic inventory management application and does not cover other operational aspects such as finance or marketing.

Increasingly fierce business competition forces companies to look for innovations and strategies to maintain customer satisfaction and trust. PT Quinsha Trans Jaya, a tourism transportation services company, faced problems in providing service information and collecting customer feedback. To overcome this, a website-based customer relationship management system is needed. This system is expected to improve operational performance, facilitate purchases, and provide complete information to customers. The development of the system uses the Rational Unified Process (RUP) method and aims to help PT Quinsha Trans Jaya retain and attract new customers. The customer relationship management information system built will focus on service transactions through the website. Then this system has information features related to rentals and purchases as well as available promotions. There is also a reward feature, feedback from customers that helps companies increase customer loyalty.

I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport – Bali is one of the airports with the busiest flight traffic in Indonesia, for both domestic and international routes. The high intensity of operational activities on the airside demands optimal management of all supporting elements, one of which is Ground Support Equipment (GSE). GSE plays a vital role in supporting aircraft movements and handling baggage, cargo, and passengers. Therefore, the provision of well-organized Equipment Parking Area (EPA) facilities in the Make Up and Break Down areas is crucial to ensure smooth and safe operations on the apron. This paper aims to examine the effectiveness of EPA provision and management in supporting GSE work efficiency, while identifying challenges and providing solutions to various emerging problems. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach through direct observation, field documentation, and analysis of the actual layout compared to the provisions of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation Regulation No. PR 21 of 2023 concerning Technical and Operational Standards for Civil Aviation Safety Regulations. This research also complements EPA management practices at other airports in Indonesia, to provide a constructive comparative perspective. The study results indicate that the current management of the EPA at I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport is not optimal. The main problems identified include irregular parking of GSE vehicles, the absence of zoning based on vehicle type, minimal markings, and a weak monitoring system due to limited personnel. As a result, congestion often occurs on GSE operational routes, which can disrupt the smooth operation of ground handling services. Based on these findings, proposed improvements include redesigning the EPA layout based on vehicle classification, installing signs and vehicle flow maps in strategic areas, and implementing an integrated technology-based monitoring system such as CCTV and digital access control.

This research examines the financial performance of PT Astra International Tbk during the period 2020-2023 through comprehensive profitability ratio analysis. The study employs multiple financial metrics including Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Gross Profit Margin (GPM), and Operating Profit Margin (OPM) to evaluate the company's operational efficiency and profitability. Through quantitative analysis with a descriptive approach, this study reveals that PT Astra International demonstrated resilient financial performance despite challenging market conditions. The findings indicate average ROA of 8.05%, suggesting moderate asset utilization efficiency. The company maintained a healthy ROE averaging 13.92%, though below industry benchmarks, while achieving a stable GPM of 22.6% and OPM of 15.06%, reflecting effective cost management and operational efficiency. These results provide valuable insights for stakeholders and contribute to understanding the automotive sector's financial dynamics in Indonesia.

In facing the changes that occur, companies have difficulty following new regulations because of differences with previous regulations. Companies must be able to optimize functions in all parts of the company organization in order to maintain long-term competitiveness and achieve sustainable success. These rules are formed in standard operational procedures which contain operational procedures to ensure consistency, efficiency, minimize errors and safety in every work activity in the company so that it can run effectively and efficiently. This research aims to know the procedures for creating a Work Procedure System at PT Kilang Pertamina International Refinery Unit V Balikpapan and to find out the supporting and inhibiting factors in the procedure for creating a Work Procedure System. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The technique used in this research involved conducting interviews, observation and documentation supported by 2 informants. Based on the results of this research, the procedure for creating a Work System at PT Kilang Pertamina International Refinery Unit V Balikpapan consist of eight structured stages, starting from preparation to the implementation below 1%. The suggestions provided to maximize performance emphasize the importance of effective communication and management commitment to overcoming obstacles in the creation of the Work System at PT Kilang Pertamina International Refinery Unit V Balikpapan.

The apparel industry in Chengdu is transforming significantly due to integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. This evolution aims to enhance consumer satisfaction by providing personalized shopping experiences, improving inventory management, and streamlining the supply chain. AI-driven algorithms analyze consumer behavior and preferences, allowing retailers to create tailored recommendations that align with individual tastes. Additionally, AI tools enable efficient inventory management by predicting trends and consumer demand, which helps reduce instances of overstock and stockouts. This optimization improves operational efficiency and ensures customers can find their desired products when visiting stores or online. This study was conducted through an online questionnaire distributed to 376 Chengdu participants to measure their attitudes toward AI improvement in the apparel industry. The findings underscore that innovative technology, perceived information quality, and perceived customization correlate with consumer satisfaction in AI experience improvement.    

The success of operational management at an airport is highly dependent on the performance and discipline of the Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers (Nurifi, 2024). AMC officers are required to be able to carry out high discipline, considering the many safety procedures that must be followed in order to avoid potential risks and incidents, because this affects the effectiveness of work and also the efficiency of airport officers, namely Apron Movement Control (AMC). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an influence of work discipline on the effectiveness of the work of Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport and how much influence it has. This study uses a quantitative approach. The location of the research was carried out at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Benda District, Tangerang City and Kosambi, Tangerang, Banten. With a research period of August 2024 to February 2025. In this study, all Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers at Terminal 3 of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, totaling 19 people, will be used as respondents by filling out the questionnaire provided. Based on the results of the research and analysis that have been conducted, it can be concluded that work discipline has a significant influence with a contribution of 75.9%. Meanwhile, the remaining 24.1% is influenced by other factors that were not analyzed in this study. This influence is proven by the coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.759, which shows that work discipline contributes 75.9% to the effectiveness of the Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport.

This study aims to describe and analyze: Accountability of budget management of the Maybrat district secretariat and inhibiting factors of accountability of the budget management of the Maybrat district regional secretariat. The research is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The data analysis technique uses a technique developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, identifying bases for interpretation, developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that the Budget Preparation Procedure of the Maybrat Regency Regional Secretariat is carried out by a budget team that is prepared and implemented for a period of one year. The stages of the budget preparation system start from the guidelines of the SEKDA Work Plan that has been determined using the mixed preparation method (Top Down and Bottom Up). The evaluation process of planning the operational cost budget at the Maybrat Regency Regional Secretariat begins with an evaluation of the budget preparation process schedule guided by Permendagri No. 13 of 2006 and Permendagri No. 59 of 2007. The implementation and administration of the budget at the Maybrat Regency Regional Secretariat is carried out by the Treasurer of the Maybrat Regency Regional Secretariat through recording by the treasurer using general cash books, tax assistant cash books and bank books.  The evaluation of the budget financial statements refers to Permendagri No. 113 of 2014 where the Treasurer of the Maybrat Regency Regional Secretariat submits a report on the realization of the implementation of the Budget to the Regional Secretary in the form of a budget realization report.  Obstacles Faced in the Accountability of Budget Management of the Maybrat Regency Regional Secretariat include the Low Quality of Human Resources. In addition, the lack of information system facilities related to the financial reporting system is rarely updated or updated.

ABSTRACT The implementation of Information Technology at XYZ Hospital serves as a key driver in enhancing the efficiency of healthcare services, but it also raises the organization’s vulnerability to significant operational risks. The primary risks identified involve inaccurate data resulting from human mistakes, breakdowns in system interoperability, and the deterioration of hardware infrastructure that may interfere with patient care. This research seeks to assess the governance of IT risk management and determine the organization’s capability level using the COBIT 5.0 framework, focusing on the APO12 (Manage Risk) domain. The study employs qualitative methods, gathering information through interviews and direct observations, and then conducts a gap analysis to compare the current state (As-Is) with the desired future state (To-Be). Findings show that the organization’s capability is currently at Level 2 (Managed Process) with a score of 1.87, which is still below the intended maturity level of 3 (Established Process) at 2.94. These results indicate that risk management activities are still largely reactive and rely on intuition, with no standardized procedures embedded within the institution. Ultimately, the study suggests formalizing a Risk Register, standardizing mitigation procedures through established SOPs, and developing a Disaster Recovery Plan to strengthen risk governance into a more systematic, preventive, and resilient framework.