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In the midst of job competition between countries in Asia, people with disabilities must also fight for their place in the job market. People with disabilities, who may face physical, mental, intellectual, motor and sensory barriers, face the additional challenge of finding employment commensurate with their abilities and barriers. Although the Indonesian government has made efforts to provide equal rights to people with disabilities through laws and policies, many challenges remain. Many people with disabilities are forced to work in the informal sector with low wages, and low participation. Therefore, research on the career prospects and experiences of individuals with disabilities is important in identifying the obstacles faced and exploring solutions that can improve disability inclusion in the world of work. Literature studies can provide valuable insights into the potential and problems experienced by people with disabilities in finding and maintaining employment, and provide a basis for the development of more inclusive policies and more effective support. By encouraging better accessibility and providing appropriate support services, communities and governments can help people with disabilities develop their potential and achieve success in their careers, while ensuring that work environments become more inclusive for all individuals, regardless of background or physical condition.

Down syndrome (DS) is a physical disorder caused by an excess of the third chromosome in the 21st pair of chromosomes which causes the number of chromosomes to become 47. One of the symptoms of Down syndrome is muscle weakness which can affect the baby's reflexes. To assess the effect of baby massage intervention on the reflex development of babies with Down syndrome in the NICU. The method used in this research is a case study with baby massage intervention for Down syndrome patients in the NICU. The intervention was carried out for 3 days. Baby massage intervention is carried out once a day with a duration of 10 -15 minutes. The results of this case study show that after baby massage there were changes in the palmar grasp reflex and Babinski reflex. Baby massage can improve babies’ reflexes particularly palmar and Babinski reflexes on babies with Down syndrome in the NICU.

Currently, the development of communication networks has influenced how humans communicate and exchange information. Data communications technology reflects the rapid evolution in the way humans communicate and exchange information. Data communication is the process of exchanging information between two or more devices via a transmission medium, such as cables, radio waves, or other network infrastructure. The goal of data communications is to transfer data from one location to another quickly, efficiently, and accurately. The method used is to look for references from several internet sources such as Google. The OSI model has 7 layers, namely Application Layer, Presentation layer, Session Layer, Transport layer, Network layer, data link layer, physical layer

The aim of this research is to provide information about how the implementation of inclusive education as a change in the educational paradigm in Indonesia can be carried out. The method used in this research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Library studies can be defined as a series of activities related to collecting library data, reading and taking notes, and processing research materials. Based on the results of the literature study, the implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia is an important paradigm shift in the education system. This aims to ensure that every individual, including those with special needs, has full access to quality education. There are several steps that can be taken in implementing inclusive education as a change in the educational paradigm in Indonesia, namely, policies and regulations; training and education for educators; inclusive curriculum development; inclusive physical facilities; community education; collaboration between institutions; as well as evaluation and monitoring. So in essence inclusive education is very important to create equality, participation and respect for diversity in the classroom. Even though its implementation is still faced with various challenges and obstacles, the efforts of the government and related stakeholders have produced policies, programs and best practice models in inclusive education. Thus, it is important for the government, educational institutions, teachers and society as a whole to continue to work together and commit to encouraging the implementation of better inclusive education.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the criminological review of the forms and efforts to overcome violence against children in Kupang City. This research is an empirical juridical research that uses data collection techniques through interviews, documentation studies to obtain primary and secondary data on Criminology Review of Forms and Efforts to Overcome Violence Against Children in Kupang City, the data is descriptively qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the forms of violence that occur in Kupang City, physical violence, namely all acts of torture, beatings and abuse of children with or without the use of objects that cause physical injury or death to children, emotional / psychological violence, namely situations of feeling unsafe and comfortable experienced by children. Sexual violence is when children are sexually abused/treated and also involved or take part in or see activities of a sexual nature with the aim of pornography, body movements, movies or something that aims to exploit sex where someone satisfies their sexual appetite for others. Economic abuse is the abuse of a child's labor for work and other activities for the benefit of their parents or others. Child neglect/exploitation is the attitude and behavior of parents who do not provide proper attention to the child's growth and development process. Efforts made against cases of child abuse are preemptive efforts, initial efforts made by the police to prevent the occurrence of a criminal act, preventive efforts, preventive measures taken by the authorities before the occurrence of a criminal act, repressive efforts, countermeasures made by the authorities after a criminal act has occurred.      

The foundation of education is a universal human aspiration; therefore, in addressing educational issues, complex solutions with philosophical foundations are necessary to ensure that the resulting solutions benefit all segments of society. One of the figures with strong philosophical views on education is Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Ki Hadjar Dewantara, a nobleman from the Yogyakarta Sultanate, firmly held a high concern for the development of education. The philosophical views put forward by Ki Hadjar Dewantara have become the basis for educational development in Indonesia. Ki Hadjar Dewantara expressed that the essence of education is an effort to internalize cultural values ​​into the souls of children with the aim of shaping them into complete human beings, both spiritually and mentally. This educational philosophy is known as the "Sistem Among," which emphasizes the basic ability of children to overcome the problems they face by providing them with broad freedom of thought. Ki Hadjar Dewantara formulated his philosophy by applying indigenous Indonesian culture, selectively adopting Western values ​​to fit the trikonic theory, and then adapting them wisely. Ki Hadjar Dewantara also made several contributions to Indonesian education, including the implementation of the leadership trilogy in education, the three educational centers, and the paguron system. Education is an effort to develop the human potential of learners, both physically, intellectually, emotionally, and morally, so that this potential can be realized and beneficial to their lives.

The foundation of education is a universal human aspiration; therefore, in addressing educational issues, complex solutions with philosophical foundations are necessary to ensure that the resulting solutions benefit all segments of society. One of the figures with strong philosophical views on education is Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Ki Hadjar Dewantara, a nobleman from the Yogyakarta Sultanate, firmly held a high concern for the development of education. The philosophical views put forward by Ki Hadjar Dewantara have become the basis for educational development in Indonesia. Ki Hadjar Dewantara expressed that the essence of education is an effort to internalize cultural values ​​into the souls of children with the aim of shaping them into complete human beings, both spiritually and mentally. This educational philosophy is known as the "Sistem Among," which emphasizes the basic ability of children to overcome the problems they face by providing them with broad freedom of thought. Ki Hadjar Dewantara formulated his philosophy by applying indigenous Indonesian culture, selectively adopting Western values ​​to fit the trikonic theory, and then adapting them wisely. Ki Hadjar Dewantara also made several contributions to Indonesian education, including the implementation of the leadership trilogy in education, the three educational centers, and the paguron system. Education is an effort to develop the human potential of learners, both physically, intellectually, emotionally, and morally, so that this potential can be realized and beneficial to their lives.

The aim of this literature study is to conclude that the use of fly ash as a replacement material for most of the functions of cement in concrete mixes meets the standards for using concrete mixes as environmentally friendly building construction materials in the context of sustainable development, reducing the risk of the greenhouse effect caused by carbon dioxide. The conclusion is that Fly ash, as waste from burning coal for power plants, can be used as a substitute for most of the functions of Portland cement, so that the waste material becomes an economic value and an effort to save the environment. And the mechanism for using HVFA-SCC concrete provides a work productivity solution in the construction sector in reducing the use of labor more efficiently and economically, as well as reducing the use of a large proportion of cement in the concrete composition. Fly ash contains physical and chemical elements with an equivalent composition that is similar to Portland cement. The softness of the fly ash grains is beneficial for filling empty spaces, making the concrete denser and more compact. The equivalent physical and chemical properties mean that fly ash can replace Portland cement.

Stunting is the impaired growth and development of children due to long-term malnutrition. Stunting can be caused by malnutrition experienced by the mother during pregnancy, or the child during their growth period. Stunting is a condition when children experience physical and cognitive growth delays, which can have a negative impact on their health and future. In the Islamic view, the prevention of stunting is an important task that Muslim societies should take on, in line with Allah's command not to be a weak people. Islam teaches to take good care of children and pay special attention to their growth and development. The relationship between stunting prevention and parenting in Islamic fiqh is an important aspect in ensuring the health and well-being of children, especially in the early years of life. Stunting, defined as a condition of stunted growth and development due to malnutrition, is a globally significant public health problem. Parenting in fiqh based on Islamic principles emphasizes the importance of proper nutrition and care of children to prevent stunting. The type of research used in this journal is quantitative research where this research is based on the philosophy of positivism, which is a philosophical teaching that views reality, symptoms, phenomena as classifiable, relatively fixed, concrete, observable, measurable, and relationships. This research was conducted in Tanjung Seneng sub-district, Kec. South Kotabumi, North Lampung Regency, Lampung, with a population of 85% and a sample size of 70%. Data collection was carried out by filling out the Millennial Parenting Style questionnaire and the Early Detection questionnaire in preventing stunting in toddlers.

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents significant challenges in emotional regulation, often leading to behavioral difficulties such as anger outbursts, tantrums, and depression, particularly in early childhood development. Recognizing the need for effective interventions. Objective: To explore management interventions to improve emotion regulation for children with ASD. Methods: We conducted a review of interventions to improve emotion regulation for children with ASD. The search process uses appropriate populations, concepts, and contexts. The search was carried out through the PubMed, Science direct, ProQuest, and SAGE Journal databases published between 2011 - 2021. The selection process was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Critical assessment using The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Results: Of 4,157 articles, 7 articles were selected for this review. Several interventions to improve emotional regulation that can be used include Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), Physical Activity, Stress and Anger Management Program (STAMP), and Stress and Anger Management Program (STAMP). In general, this intervention can be used to improve emotional regulation in children with ASD aged 4-17 years. Conclusion: All interventions can be used to improve emotional regulation in children with ASD

Down syndrome is a common disorder. In Indonesia, cases of Down syndrome tend to increase every year. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes children to have low cognitive and physical differences. One of the differences owned by down syndrome children is their language development. Therefore, this article was prepared to find out how language development in down syndrome children.  This article was prepared using the systematic literature review (SLR) method, which contains how language development in children with Down syndrome, factors that affect language development in children with Down syndrome, and efforts that can be made to develop language skills in children with Down syndrome.  This article explains that some Down syndrome children experience language delays, which are caused by genetic abnormalities and physical conditions such as a mouth cavity that is too narrow, a short palate, weak speech muscles and many more. To overcome language development in children with Down syndrome, several efforts can be made such as conducting speech and language therapy, and using the PECS method which has been proven effective in efforts to develop language in children with Down syndrome.

The development of social media networks is extraordinary, with very easy access and unlimited friendships so that all groups regardless of social status ranging from old, young, and even children are so enthusiastic in using social media especially teenagers. Social networks are also used as a place for emotional outbursts, and it is not uncommon to express anger in the form of insults or insults which are often referred to as cyberbullying. The ITE Law provides legal protection for victims of criminal acts of cyberbullying as an effort to protect the law which is interpreted as the recognition and guarantees provided by the law in relation to human rights. Legal protection is a "condition sine quanon" law enforcement is a manifestation of the function of the law as its aim. is to prevent disputes. The purpose of writing is to determine the impact of cyberbullying on adolescents on social media. The method used is literature review using articles and journals from 2016 to 2020 obtained from the Google Scholar electronic database. The results of various studies show that cyberbullying on adolescents on social media has a huge impact that affects all aspects of life from psychological, physical, and social aspects. The impact of cyberbullying that is felt is not only the victim, but the perpetrator, perpetrator and victim will also have an impact.

Education as an Equal Right without Discrimination Education is considered a right that must be obtained by every individual regardless of background, economic status or physical condition. Within the framework of the national education system regulated by Law Number 20 of 2003, education is fully guaranteed without any form of discrimination. This encourages the importance of implementing inclusive education evenly at all elementary school levels. This article aims to outline creative learning strategies in the context of inclusive education, especially at the elementary school level, using a literature review as a basis. This research explores various library sources through search engines. The article explains that learning for students with special needs in elementary schools does not only focus on developing motor skills, but also on the ability to interact in a social environment. Teachers who implement creative learning strategies can increase the effectiveness of learning objectives, materials, media, teaching methods, evaluation, and student learning environments. Several learning strategies that can be applied to students with special needs in elementary schools include remedial teaching, deductive, inductive, heuristic, expository, classical, cooperative and behavior change strategies. To support this need, it is recommended that teachers explore the use of learning media that are friendly for students with special needs, such as puzzles, to create an inclusive learning environment and support optimal development for all students.

This study aims to determine the development of sports and health physical education learning e-modules for pencak silat material accompanied by physical fitness training activities for seventh grade students. Research is a type of development research (Research & Development). This research was conducted in class VII SMP Pertiwi Siteba, SMP Angkasa Lanud and SMP IT Budi Mulya, Padang City. The instrument in this study is a questionnaire that has been validated by experts. The data analysis technique is a quantitative descriptive analysis technique. The results of the study concluded that the level of product feasibility was 93.05% and large-scale trials obtained data of 86.21% of students strongly agreed to use the resulting e-learning module. It can be concluded that based on the validation tests and trials conducted, the e martial arts learning module for class VII students is "very feasible" to be used as teaching material for Class VII Physical Education Sports and Health.

Adolescence is very important to pay attention to because it is a transition period between children and adults, where physically they will experience specific changes. Adolescents must receive balanced nutritional intake according to their needs in order to achieve optimal growth and development and avoid nutritional problems. Nutritional problems that can occur in adolescents are malnutrition, chronic lack of energy (KEK), obesity and anemia (Sandra, Ahmad, & Arinda, 2017). An imbalance between the intake of food consumed causes problems of undernutrition and overnutrition. Malnutrition in adolescents results in decreased body resistance to disease, increased disease rates, abnormal growth, low intelligence levels, low productivity and stunted growth of reproductive organs in adolescents (Nurfiriani & Ratih, 2023). The aim of this service activity is to increase teenagers' knowledge about the importance of nutrition for teenagers, to support the growth and development of teenagers, to prevent the risk of nutritional problems and non-communicable diseases, so it is necessary to carry out health promotion efforts in the form of providing health education and evaluations to increase knowledge about nutrition so that it can increase adolescent awareness in maintaining health.

The obesity rate among adolescents in Indonesia is increasingly worrying. Obesity in adolescents is affected by a variety of factors, including lifestyle changes that tend to lead to an unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity. To overcome this problem, early prevention efforts are very important, one of which is by measuring Body Mass Index (BMI) as an early indicator of obesity. This research uses a Research and Development (RnD) approach, which aims to develop or improve existing tools to obtain new data and insights into the use of these tools in various contexts. This tool is a development of the previous tool with the HC SR04 sensor to measure height, the Load Cell sensor to measure weight, and the Atmega328p microcontroller to calculate BMI. The main innovation of the tool is the use of a 433 MHz Radio Frequency module that allows wireless communication between height and weight data, increasing the mobility of the tool as it does not require cables and poles as a support. With the result of an error value in the IMT measurement of 1,28%. With an error value of 1.28% in BMI measurements and 93.40% in BMI measurement validity. So from the results of the above percentage, it can be stated that this tool is suitable for use.

This study analyzes and optimizes production systems in the Industry 4.0 context, examining the fundamental shift from centralized, push-based production models to decentralized, adaptive, pull-based approaches. The research employs a mixed-method approach combining comprehensive literature review and multiple case studies across manufacturing sectors. Findings reveal that integration of Internet of Things (IoT), cyber-physical systems, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics enables real-time communication between production components, product personalization, and faster decision-making. Despite significant benefits in efficiency, flexibility, and competitiveness, implementation challenges persist, including high initial investment, employee resistance, technical expertise limitations, and integration complexity. Optimization approaches such as mixed-integer linear programming, digitally-integrated Lean Six Sigma, and digital twin simulations effectively enhance performance indicators including flexibility, reliability, and energy efficiency. The study concludes that successful production system transformation requires an integrated strategy encompassing process engineering, digital competency development, change management, and continuous evaluation to ensure sustainable optimization in the digital era

In the learning process, of course it will be carried out well depending on how the teacher plans learning activities. The presence of learning media will have an important influence on the implementation of learning and this learning media will become an effective tool or dependent media and will be able to become teaching material that can be used by students, process  learning will not be able to take place well without the development of learning media, usually often facing several obstacles, one of which is that facilities and infrastructure are still lacking, for example there is no learning media that supports the continuity of the learning process, learning media includes a sense that is physically used in providing material content.  , which comes from frame images, graphs, cassettes, books, video recorders, tape recorders, pictures, video cameras, films, photos, television and computers. Media is a component of learning resources whose contents are instructional material in the student.

As stated in Article 4 of the Preamble to UUD 4445 of 1945, achieving quality education is one of the goals of the Indonesian nation. Apart from that, education is also a very important element for the development of civilization. Improving the quality of education. The purpose of writing this article is to reveal the role of Islamic inclusive education and Islamic education. Islamic and Western theoretical collaborators agree that inclusive education is consistent with Islamic teachings and values. This is because Islamic teachings themselves require obligations and opportunities in seeking knowledge, and do not discriminate between differences in ethnicity, skin color, flag, skin color, etc., as well as differences in human physical conditions. it requires careful attention. When writing this article, the author used a research library-based research method, or it could also be called library research. This literature includes research, such as the use of media to collect library materials, books, journals and articles that can support this study in solving problems. The method is to collect library materials and then analyze the different materials found according to the questions asked. The results of this research show that the existence of inclusive education, both in Islamic educational institutions and in various other communities, supports children with special needs and creates creative conditions and environments that do not discriminate between normal children and children with special needs.

The GPP Maranatha congregation is a congregation that has a majority of farmers. At this time, many congregations are experiencing difficulties in managing congregational businesses, especially in the agricultural sector, many congregations are having difficulty getting fertilizer. According to the author's observations, this is due to the increasing price of fertilizer, in this case the church needs to pay attention to the congregation. The method used by researchers is a qualitative descriptive approach. The research implementation uses procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of written and spoken words from people whose behavior can be observed through interviews or observations using a qualitative approach. This research aims to determine congregation growth efforts through evangelism models and entrepreneurship strategies in holistic services at the Maranatha Fellowship Protestant Church (GPP). From the results of the research, it can be seen that the efforts that must be made by the church to help increase the growth of the congregation both spiritually and physically are: providing assistance to the congregation such as: the church re-holding Communion that was previously held by the congregation at the Maranatha Fellowship Protestant Church (GPP), The church made visits to the congregation and the church provided training in making liquid fertilizer and provided livestock business. With this assistance, the congregation at the Maranatha United Protestant Church (GPP) will experience development