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Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest diseases known to attack humans, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is a stage or condition in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis becomes minimally resistant to rifampicin administration and also insonicotinylhydrazine (INH). Extensive-drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) is an MDR-TB with Mycobacterium tuberculosis immune characteristics against one of the fluoroquinolone class drugs and one of the second-line injection OAT (capreomycin, kanamycin, and amikacin). The aim of this study was to find out the description of variation in laboratory costs of MDR-TB/XDR patients on one treatment cycle. Method. The inclusion criteria were patients who had been diagnosed with MDR-TB/XDR and performed laboratory tests. The design of this study was a cross-sectional retrospective analytics using medical records of MDR-TB/XDR patients in MDR division. Results. There were 30 MDR-TB research subjects and 2 XDR-TB research subjects examined for laboratory examination. Comparison of laboratory mean of MDR-TB/XDR (p = 0,018). Discussion. There was a significant difference in the total cost of MDR-TB/XDR laboratory examinations in one treatment cycle. Conclusion. Laboratory examination of MDR-TB/XDR patients requires considerable cost, this is due to the side effects of OAT that require patient clinical monitoring.    

Indonesia, Indonesia is a nation of law that uses a rule of law country (rechtstaat) concept. The concept of rule of law Indonesia set forth in its Constitution, the 1945 Constitution, Article 1 paragraph (3). There is an important element of democracy stated on the Constitution, namely the protection of human rights, that every citizen has the right to enjoy it. One of the rights protected in the Constitution is right to access a good and healthy living environment. For this, the environment needs to be preserved and function through administrative law enforcement. The study uses normative juridical approach with descriptive-analytics, which describes the norms and associated with theories, and opinions of legal experts. The development of a democratic nations of law can be seen from the aspect of law enforcement in particular with environmental administration. In Indonesia, it can be reviewed through the theory of organic states and the theory of pluralist states. Based on the theory of an organic state and looking at the aspects of environmental administration law enforcement in Indonesia, the state has regulated the enforcement of environmental administrative sanctions whereby the state can regulate every activity and/or business in the environmental issues. Therefore, the pluralist state theory recognized a variety of diverse interests in society that the state has accommodated all citizens rights to a good and healthy environment through pro-environment government policies

Waria are one of many different types of sexual intermediaries, including homosexuals and hermaphrodites who occupy the spectrum between pure men and pure women (Susan Stryker, 2008). From this quote, it can be understood that waria is like one who occupies a middle position between the concepts of men and women. The most obvious thing that distinguishes waria from men and women is the way they look that is not in accordance with the general sex that has been assigned to them since birth. Those who are biologically born male, in fact they (waria) look the opposite and resemble women. Waria often receive bad treatment from society such as discrimination, mental and physical violence and other actions that are contrary to morality. On May 2, 2022 waria who are members of the wagayo organization (Waria and gay organization) in Jember, East Java took action to commemorate national education day. From the attached news, the waria provide information that waria also want to get the same place as people in general in the world of education. This is enough to explain the existence of discrimination against transgender women even in the world of education which results in many transgender people being forced to drop out of school because they cannot stand ridicule from both friends and educators at their schools. This has implications for the cause of the low human resources of waria.  

Cultivate a attitude to appreciate the reality of life of disabled people and understand that seeking is not always the desired choice to be the background in this research.The purpose of this study is so that people with disabilities do not be seen by society on their own eyes of the people with disabilities who are using their shortcomings to attract sympathy.The systematic method of literature review became the method used in this research.The study of the theory, The fact is that economic empowerment is one way to lift the dignity of disabled people.The conclusion, appreciating the reality of life of disabled people must be a fundamental attitude in society, Government should be more responsive in addressing this phenomenon because disabled people are also citizens whose rights must be fulfilled.

Recruitment is the main task of the human resources department to find qualified candidates for open positions in a company or organization. The problem that is often faced by companies during recruitment is the difficulty in determining applicants who meet the criteria. A decision support system is defined as a system that helps a manager's work to overcome problems by providing data for selected decisions. The decision support system has a decision support method that is the profile matching method.The results of research that has carried out the profile matching method for recruiting new employees are carried out by comparing the input value with the company's target value so that the difference in GAP can be known. Then weighting is carried out on each aspect of the existing criteria after the GAP value is known. To determine the total value, the core factor and secondary factor are grouped based on the weighting results. With the results of the total value then ranking is carried out to obtain the final result.

The general reality that occurred in the budget realization and performance reporting system in Central Lombok Regency before E-Monev was put into practice was that the process was very slow, complicated, and very convoluted, not infrequently even very tiring. Reports that should be done in one day may take one week, two weeks or even one month. To expedite the reporting or monitoring process, Bureaucratic Reform (RB) efforts were made by developing online-based systems and applications called E-Monev. E-Monev is an instrument for monitoring, evaluating and controlling budget realization and performance which is used to collect data and information on monitoring results. This web-based application makes it very easy for employees to record budget realization and performance while in the office, such as filling in and changing work plans, filling out sub-activities, and there are other forms provided for reporting according to their respective duties and roles. What is expected from this web-based application is that employees can use the application as well as possible and can facilitate work and help company performance, especially in the field of Human Resources, to be faster, better and more practical.

Teenagers as the future generation of the church and nation must be given proper attention and education so that their behavior is in accordance with existing norms. Christian Religious Education in the family is the most important education to teach how the person of God is with Humans. Christian Religious Education cannot be limited by space and time because it is very flexible and can be done anywhere. The role given by Christian Religious Education itself, of course, must provide teaching about the realities of life so that adolescents are able to have an understanding of their life goals. Christian Religious Education is role includes in the family to provide good behavior in the present, namely; Family behavioral education center, setting an example, restoration, family place of worship. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive literature method, by collecting studies related to research conducted either through books, proceedings, national and international journals. Then do the analysis, provide arguments and find the results of the study. The purpose of the research was conducted so that today's Christian youth have better behavior through Christian Religious Education in the Family and so that Christian youth do not deviate from the person of Jesus himself as a perfect person in all respects.

The Bible is the main source of knowledge for every believer, especially for children in education. However, there is a tendency that Christian education prioritizes an educational model that emphasizes humanitarian philosophy so that it tends to no longer make the Bible the main source of Christian education. In obtaining data for writing this article, the author used a qualitative method with a literature review approach. The Bible is a material that should be given to children or society. This means that the teaching of the Bible itself does not only talk about the formation of morality and spirituality, but can also give weight to the main source as Christian education. The Bible is used as the main basis for teaching Christian Education in churches and schools that have a Christian curriculum. This is because the Bible is considered a holy book that contains the basic teachings of Christianity and is the highest authority for Christians. Therefore, in teaching Christian Religious Education, a Christian Religious Education teacher is required to use the Bible as the main source in providing explanations and teaching about the teachings of Christianity.

This research seeks deeper information about religious moderation in terms of acceptance of tradition. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach, and several of these methods were intended to obtain information and a clear picture of the focus of the problem discussing religious moderation within the framework of acceptance of tradition. By conducting field observations, interviews, and inputting literacy sources that are relevant to the research theme, the researcher categorizes the data, presents the data, and concludes the data according to the focus of the problem. This study confirms that, religious moderation must be carried out by every human being, because basically in an order in society the realization of harmony is desired, especially in the realization of religious moderation through the implementation of traditions. In carrying out this tradition, the community wants to create unity, brotherhood and harmony by upholding the value of religious moderation as an effort to accept the tradition. They mingle with everyone because this is a form of love and self-awareness as creatures that are able to be tolerant of inter-religious beliefs, so as to create a balanced life in the aim of religious moderation. In establishing social relations, Christians must also not close themselves off. In line with the teachings in the Church's document, Gaudium Et Spes 24. In the perspective of harmony and spirituality of the people in Tegalsambi Village towards tradition, they are not fanatical and exaggerated in their religious practices. Habits and traditions that are still carried out today are factors that increase harmony, harmony and harmony in society. The community feels free, and is given space to channel inspiration, creation, and aspirations in social life. In Javanese terminology, it is commonly referred to as Manunggaling Kawula Gusti, which means life manifested in harmony without any tension or mental disturbance.

Sacrificial offerings are something that cannot be separated from the beliefs of every believer. Christ willingly died on the cross to redeem His people. Therefore, how important the sacrifice of Jesus Christ is for humanity. For that, it is very important to understand the meaning of the sacrifice of penance. The meaning of the sin offering is an admission of guilt before God. the meaning of the sin offering must be known from the old and new testaments, namely the sin offering. The sin offering in the Old Testament was the sacrifice of a lamb to take away the sins of God's people. In the new covenant, the sin offering is Jesus Christ, who died on the cross as a sin offering in Ephesians 2:5-9. Therefore, it is very important for believers today to know and understand the true sacrifice and sin offering.

The song "Istirahat" by Nosstress is a song that tells about environmental concern, about the earth that seems to be getting damaged and worse due to the actions of its inhabitants, namely humans themselves. Nosstress is known as a music group that often raises environmental, socio-political, and humanitarian issues, which are conveyed simply through their works. This songwriter tries to express his feelings by inspiring his listeners to rest just a little while, giving time to the earth, we can see in the lyrics "Hi my human friends, just rest a little, for him and the human earth". The aims of this study are (1) to find out the meaning contained in the lyrics of the song "Istirahat" by Nosstress, (2) to explain what figurative language is contained in the lyrics of the song "Istirahat" by Nosstress. This research is based on curiosity about the meaning of the song lyrics which are quite poetic and the figurative language used by the author in the song. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The results of this study are understanding the structure, meaning, and figure of speech in the lyrics of the song "Istirahat" by Nosstress.

Song lyrics "Civilization", "News of Loss", and "Great Destroyer Dance" works. Feast became the subject of this investigation. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the structure of lyrics and social commentary. The Roman Ingarden hypothesis is used in this review to dissect the design of the verses of the dining experience. Theories of literary sociology were also used in this study to see how the lyrics of the song "Pesta" contained social criticism. The consequences of this study show that melodic verses work . Banquet acts as a vehicle for delivering analysis of real social factors that occur in the eyes of the public. In the melodic poems of "Peradaban", analysis is communicated on the development of the revolution, the unfair worldview, and prejudice that exists among the tight networks that are rife in Indonesia. The killers were criticized in the lyrics of the song "News of the Loss" because it has lost humanity and human values. The lyrics of the song "Dance of the Great Destroyer" forbid the application of Indonesian local wisdom and denounce pollution and environmental damage.

Social media is online media, by the way, its users can easily participate, share and create content easily. The development of social media is very rapid lately. So it becomes a hot topic that deserves discussion because many people use social media without realizing the meaning of the media itself. The social media used is Instagram. Instagram is a powerful social networking media application that generates and publishes photos instantly. The development of social media directly affects the order of human behavior, both as a means of information and as a means of socialization and interaction between people. Social media seems like the go-to place for all inactivity Rarely goes beyond existing codes of conduct. In terms of the use of language that is not standard and informal in communication. Communication is the process of adding information (messages, ideas, thoughts) from one party to another. Communication will be more effective if the message conveyed can be received, the message is interpreted the same. Good Communication Ethics Social media may not use harsh, provocative, pornographic or Sara.

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the whole order of human life, especially the world of education. This requires education to change and adapt quickly to continue the learning process. The purpose of this article is to review the impact of the policy of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia regarding Work From Home (WFH) in the world of education. This article was written by reviewing related articles and references regarding online learning policies which are considered as a solution to continue the learning process when schools are closed to prevent the spread of the virus. But on the other hand, this policy has an impact on the process of transforming knowledge for both students, teachers and parents or families.    

Tourism sector has a good prospect in the future, because it can give big foreign exchange for developing tourism sector. Developing tourism sector needs several factors of human resources, one of them is the communications factors in which language as a means of verbal communication plays an important role. The functions of language and such ast o develop science and technology. And to communicate with other country. The people who are involved in the tourism industry are required to communicate with the tourists in their language. The language which is often used to communicate with the foreign tourist is English. If they cannot understand the English language, the foreign tourist will often find difficulties in communication. The problem are : What are the roles of English tourism in Tobelo? The hypothesis is that the role of the English language and the ability of a person in using the English language is important in the tourism industry.    

This article aims to understand the important role of Indonesian in proselytizing or spreading Islam by understanding and mastering Indonesian well. In the context of Indonesian diversity, the use of Indonesian in da'wah needs to pay attention to inclusive and tolerant messages. Language is something that cannot be separated from human life. Preachers can communicate religious messages more effectively to the general public and to avoid the use of inappropriate Indonesian in preaching. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was carried out with data collection techniques through documentation techniques, listening techniques, and recording techniques on da'wah videos delivered by Ustadz Dr. Adi Hidayat, Lc., M.A in the Adi Hidayat Official YouTube Channel. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there was assertiveness in conveying messages and interaction in this case it was also found that Indonesian language in da'wah was better understood, touched the heart, closer between the preacher and the audience so that the audience's interest in the preacher was formed in listening to the da'wah.

This study aims to determine digital marketing strategies through Instagram social media in increasing sales at the Arunazma Online Shop. This type of research is descriptive research. Data sources will be taken from documents, observation results, and interview results. The digital marketing strategy carried out by Arunazma includes the planning, implementation and monitoring stages to increase sales at Arunazma. The obstacles faced by Arunazma in implementing digital marketing, namely delays in delivery and lack of human resources. Arunazma can overcome these obstacles by accelerating the packing process and adding employees to make it more efficient. The positive impact of implementing digital marketing by Arunazma is that digital marketing can increase sales of products in the Arunazma Online Shop.

The pattern of Israelite education found in the Torah has values that can be applied in the context of education today. The pattern is a holistic approach to education, which includes moral and ethical education, respect for authority, and character development. Thus, the application of Israel's education pattern found in the Torah can help build a young generation with integrity and quality. Thus, in this study, the author or researcher uses or qualitative method approach involving in data collection and analyzing the data obtained. Overall, the Israeli education pattern is an educational system that includes the development of technical skills, the formation of student character and morals, the teaching of Jewish religion and culture, inclusive education, and the development of technological skills, all of which are designed to create competent and globally minded human resources. In conclusion, the application of Israel's pattern of education according to the Torah has also proven successful in Israel and can serve as an example for other countries in developing an effective education system. Nonetheless, it should be kept in mind that the Israeli education pattern cannot always be applied directly in other countries, due to different cultural differences and social contexts.

Al- Qur'an is the word of Allah SWT. wich sometimes has words in it, which have many meanings like the word Bala’. The word reinforcements is implied in the Qur’an by commentators which has many meanings, Al-Maraghi who stated that Bala’ is a test and a trial. The formulation of the problem of this research is how systematic the interpretation of Bala’ verses according to Ahmad Musthafa Al-Maraghi, and how is the meaning of humans when Allah SWT. gives tests and trials. The goal is to avoid reinforcements by doing good deeds and staying away from the probibition of Allah SWT. and know the meaning of Bala’ to humans. This research is a library research that collects data sources in the from of primay and secondary library mateBala’’. And the concluded that Ahmad Musthafa Al-Maraghi said the word Bala’ in the Qur’an only gives the meaning of tests and trials as torment, punishment or calamity but can also be a warning to living creatures on this earth, not only for humans. Ahmad Musthafa Al-Maraghi uses the word Bala’ contained in the book of Tafsir Al-Maraghi to express the meaningof Bala’ which serves as a warning to humans so thatAllah SWT. sends down tests and trias to this servants in order to human patience when Allah SWT. bring Misfortune.    

This article discusses the benefits, risks, and wise use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, with a focus on ChatGPT, a large language model. AI technology has become an integral part of modern human life, with various applications in industries such as business, health, government, and others. AI technology can help improve decision-making based on data, reduce human error, and increase efficiency. However, it also poses risks, such as data security and job replacement. To ensure the wise use of AI, it is crucial to observe AI ethics, protect user data and privacy, avoid discrimination, and ensure system security. The research problem is formulated to answer questions such as the benefits and risks of using ChatGPT, its optimal use, and its role in education. The purpose of the research is to describe the benefits, risks, and wise use of ChatGPT in the era of AI and to ensure its responsible use.