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Meningkatkan angka kejadian COVID-19 telah memberikan arahan bagi rumah sakit untuk mengadakan ruang rawat inap isolasi. Perhatian pada ruang isolasi di rumah sakit, terutama terkait desain dan juga fungsi mental healing bagi pasien. Di sisi lain masih ada hal yang belum banyak digali terkait pengamatan fungsi jiwa mood dan afek melalui pendekatan non psikiatri atau pendekatan fisiologi. Emotiv dipergunakan sebagai alat pengamatan fisiologi otak berbasis, sistem EEG (Electroencephalography). Emotiv menerapkan metode perekaman, aktifitas gelombang kelistrikan otak tanpa invasi jaringan, yaitu pemasangan elektroda pada permukaan kulit kepala. Gelombang kelistrikan ini muncul seiring aktivitas sel-sel otak. Secara keseluruhan, tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk memberikan penjelasan teoritis mengenai perangkat emotive untuk konteks penelitian dan eksperimen terkait mood dan afek pasien saat mendapatkan perawatan inap di ruang isolasi COVID-19. Penulisan ini merupakan review literatur dengan menggunakan beberapa sumber Pustaka serta hasil penelitian terkait alat EEG, alat emotiv, dan fungsi jiwa mood dan afek. Semua sumber literatur akan disimpulkan dan disusun secara teoritis. Hasil yang akan diharapkan adalah penjelasan secara teoritis yang berurutan dan jelas terkait pemanfaatan emotiv pada pengamatan mood afek terhadap desain interior ruang isolasi.

Business development in the world has entered the era of free competition not only in a small scope but a large scope, this creates fierce competition between companies. Efforts made by a company to win a market by providing advantages in competition, analyzing competing companies, and implementing effective marketing strategies. This study uses Literature Review research with the results of research that management strategies are oriented towards developing macro strategies such as product strategy development, pricing implementation strategies, acquisition strategies, market development strategies, financial and other strategies. The steps of strategy management include: internal and external environment scanning (Internal &; External Scanning), Strategy Formulation, Implementation, Function Control and Evaluation.

This article analyzes the effects of tariffs and trade agreements on global trade dynamics and international business operations. By reviewing recent trade policies and their implications for various industries, the study highlights how tariffs influence supply chain decisions and market entry strategies. The findings provide recommendations for businesses navigating the complexities of international trade in a protectionist environment.

Broken home families, which are characterized by the breakdown of parental relationships, can have a negative impact on children's development, including spiritual emptiness. In this context, the role of Christian religious teachers is important in filling the spiritual void of children from broken homes. This article aims to investigate the role of Christian religious teachers in filling the spiritual void of children from broken home families and the strategies that can be used to achieve this. In the introduction, the article explains the meaning of a broken home family and identifies its impact on the child's spiritual emptiness. Then, the article continues by discussing the role of Christian religious teachers in filling the spiritual void in children. Christian religious teachers not only serve as teachers, but also as a source of spiritual support and example for children. Furthermore, the article reviews strategies and approaches that can be used by Christian religious teachers in filling the spiritual void of children from broken home families. Relevant and interactive teaching methods, building emotional relationships with children, and efforts to cultivate spiritual awareness through reflection and meditation are some of the recommended strategies.Through case studies that include the real experiences of Christian religion teachers, this article provides inspiring examples illustrating how Christian religion teachers have succeeded in filling the spiritual void of children from broken homes and achieving effective results. In the implications and recommendations section, the article highlights the important role of Christian religious teachers in filling the spiritual void of children from broken home families and emphasizes the need for collaboration between teachers, families and communities in supporting children's spiritual development. In conclusion, this article concludes that the role of Christian religious teachers is very important in filling the spiritual void of children from broken home families. With the right approach, Christian religion teachers can provide the spiritual support children need, assisting them in acquiring a sense of meaning, identity, and spiritual well-being. This article provides useful insights and insights for educators, parents, and practitioners in Christian religious education that aim to support the spiritual development of children from broken home families.

The failure of parents to teach responsibility to children will cause various bad effects for children both now and in the future. Responsibilities are important in children's lives because they are correlated with children's emotional intelligence, social relationships, have a good impact on educational aspects, and contribute to children's success in the future. Because of the closeness of the relationship and the bonds they have, parents are the most appropriate person to teach responsibility to children. This research article aims to highlight what role Christian parents can play in contributing to the maximum in teaching their children about responsibility. By using the description method and getting support from literature review, it is hoped that it can provide a strong and in-depth picture related to the discussion of Bible stories about responsibility, the importance of responsibility for children, and the contribution of parents in teaching responsibility to children. The results of this study found that parents can contribute maximally in teaching responsibility to children when they begin to introduce responsibility as early as possible, make responsibility a habit of behavior, become role models, and be sensitive when teaching children. Through living these five things in real life by parents, parents will contribute maximally to the growth of children's responsibilities.    

Transformational leadership performance occurs when leaders broaden and enhance the interests of employees, when they raise awareness and acceptance of the goals and mission of the group, and when they mobilize their employees to look beyond their own self-interest of either the group or the individual. Transformational leaders achieve this result in one or more ways. Employee performance is the ability of an organization to achieve its goals through productive and effective employees. Employee performance covers various aspects, including productivity, quality of work, attendance, creativity, and contribution to organizational goals. This Systematic Review is prepared based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews, full text articles and uses English and Indonesian. The keywords used in the search for articles are “Transformational Leadership” AND “Performance”. Analysis of the 13 articles explains that transformational leadership has benefits and effectiveness on employee performance. Based on the results of available literature, it can be concluded that transformational leadership style has a positive influence on employee performance. kind to employees. This can increase employee confidence, commitment, and involvement in achieving organizational goals. In addition, transformational leaders also have the ability to develop employee potential and strengthen the working relationship between employees and leaders.

Tax is the biggest source of income for a country in funding the State Budget (APBN). The very large number of MSMEs in Indonesia have a very large potential for levy revenue, so that public authorities must boost levy revenue from MSMEs. However, a significant problem that must be addressed is that the majority of business actors are not registered as taxpayers and do not pay. The purpose of this study is to explain efforts so that business people know more about how to pay their taxes. The preparation of this conceptual article uses a literature review approach. Data collection was carried out by searching and collecting literature sourced from journal articles which were then presented using descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that efforts to increase the awareness of MSME actors in paying taxes can use a strategy in the form of outreach about taxation, updating the tax service system, transparency in the management and utilization of tax funds, and making policies or sanctions for MSME actors who do not comply with tax payments.

This study aims to analyze the influence of online customer reviews and online customer ratings on purchasing decisions on the Lazada marketplace. In this study using a descriptive verification approach with quantitative methods. The sample used in this study was 400 respondents. Sampling using the Nonprobability Sampling method. The test stages used were validity test, reliability test, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis technique and hypothesis testing using t test, f test and coefficient of determination using SPSS 26 tools. The results of this study were obtained by Online Customer Reviews and Online Customers Ratings have a positive and significant partial effect on purchasing decisions on the Lazada marketplace with variable values of 20.8% and 91.0% respectively. While Online Customer Reviews and Online Customer Ratings simultaneously influence purchasing decisions on the Lazada marketplace, they contribute 39.2% to purchasing decisions, while the remaining 60.8% is contributed by other factors not examined that influence purchasing decisions (Y ).

The purpose of writing this article is to provide information related to the concept of literacy that has been implemented in learning activities in schools. How literacy activities are carried out in accordance with the concept that has been understood and whether the concept of literacy is in accordance with the actual concept. Secondly, this article will also contain information about the understanding of the concept of literacy based on the results of the literature review. In addition, this writing will provide the results of studies and analyses, how the implementation of literacy activities in schools, and how the impact is in improving the literacy skills of students, especially in elementary schools. The writing of this article is based on a literature review and observation results by conducting interviews and direct observation of literacy activities carried out, the data obtained from various sources is then analy kozed and discussed descriptively exploratively. From the data obtained, information is obtained that, there are already literacy activities carried out in elementary schools, literacy activities carried out are in accordance with the concept of literacy, but the main concern is that literacy activities carried out are not optimal and not sustainable, so they are less able to build a culture of literacy in schools.

The purpose of this paper is to (1) describe the concepts of literacy in elementary schools, (2) describe the implementation of literacy activities in elementary schools, (3) describe the problems of literacy movement in the field in elementary schools. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. The method used in this research is literature review and observation. The results showed that literacy activities at SD Negeri 2 Palangka were implemented in three stages, namely the habituation stage, the development stage and the learning stage. However, the implementation of the literacy movement program in schools, especially in SD Negeri 2 Palangka, is not free from various problems. Based on observations, these problems come from 2 factors, that is called internal factors and external factors. The internal factors that cause problems in the literacy movement in SD Negeri 2 Palangka include the readiness of students, infrastructure and availability of funds. Meanwhile, the external factors that cause problems in literacy movement activities in SD Negeri 2 Palangka include community support and government support.

Wirausahawan ialah orang yang mampu berinovasi dalam menciptakan usaha baru berdasarkan peluang yang ada untuk mencapai keberhasilan dari tujuannya. Salah satu faktor dalam keberhasilan berwirausaha adalah motivasi yang tinggi untuk berwirausaha. Kewirausahaan saat ini mulai berkembang secara bertahap seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi.Penelitian ini bertujuan umtuk menggambarkan motivasi wirausaha berdasarkan studi literatur yang komprehensif. Metode yang digunakan yaitu review literatur dengan menggunakan pemahaman data-data penelitian terdahulu yang bersumber  dari refrensi jurnal di internet yang berkaitan dengan motivasi wirausahawan. Berdasarkan kajian tersebut ditemukan bahwa motivasi berwirausaha pada dipengaruhi oleh 3 faktor utama antara lain : Keinginan untuk keluar dari pekerjaan yang membatasi mereka, keinginan untuk keluar dari pengawasan, dan menolak stereotip sosial yang cenderung dipaksakan. Motivasi utama wirausaha adalah fleksibilitas profesional pekerjaan, kemandirian finansial, kemampuan mengambil resiko, status sosial, bekerja secara mandiri dan pengangguran telah memotivasi memulai usaha kecil.  

International trade greatly affects a country's economic growth. One of the indicators for reviewing a country's economic growth is to look at the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). GDP is the accumulation of all market value generated by a country for the production of goods and services in a certain period. In GDP, there are results of calculating the value of export and import activities that affect the size or size of the country's GDP. The more exports of a country increase, the income of that country will also increase. This is also in line with the theory of international trade proposed by Heckscher-Ohlin which states that Net-Export or net export is one of the most important factors of Gross National Product (GNP), so that with changes in the value of Net-Export it will have an influence on changes in national income.The research method used in this study is to use qualitative descriptive analysis. This method is carried out by describing the phenomena that occur as a result of international trade carried out by Indonesia on Indonesia's economic growth. The data used in this study is data obtained from the analysis of various sources and journals with a vulnerable time of 2017 - 2022.

The goal of this study is to describe the focus of the research that consists of the characters in the film “The Pursuit of Happyness “by Gabriella Muccino. The data were taken based on the quotations that focus on the characters found in the film script and time sequence “The Story of My Life”. The research is analyzed by using the qualitative approach. The kind of characters is based on eight instruments, they are major, minor, protagonist, antagonist, flat, round, static, and dynamic. This study is conducted based on literature reviews by observing documents from the film. The film consists of 1 hour 57 minutes duration and 103 pages of the original script. The findings that are found based on the observation from this film were significant. The character instruments consist of Minor by 30% % at the highest position, then Protagonist by 20 %, static by 10 %, antagonist by 10 %, Dynamic by 10 %, Round by 10 %, and Major by 7 %. and flat by 3%. The conclusions showed that the character that emerged as the minor character that consists in this film makes this film more interesting. After analyzing this film, the writer concluded that this element emerged from the major character’s hard work and self-empowerment strength that builds the personal competence involving personal journey and process of understanding as the effect of many problems in his life.

The Sultanate of Langkat is one of the richest kingdoms in East Sumatra, besides the Sultanate of Deli and the Sultanate of Serdang which have several roles. This article aims to find out the initial process of the spread of Islam in Langkat through the Langkat Sultanate, historical heritage evidence, and who are the figures who played a role in spreading Islam in Langkat. The method used is the historical research method, namely the method by reviewing the themes surrounding historical research methods in detail which is strengthened by presenting the views of historians. The findings show that in the development of Islam, the role of the Langkat sultanate included, namely, in the aspect of Education, the Langkat sultanate built several madrasas as places to study religion and figures who played a major role including Sultan Musa, Sultan Abdul Aziz, Dewa Sahdan, and others .

The importance of the role of contemporary da’wah institutions in Indonesia is a challenge for the government. This research aims to describe the role and problems of contemporary da’wah empowerment institutions in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach which originates primarily from journals and books related to contemporary da’wah institutions in Indonesia. The results of this study found that the formation of da’wah institutions in Indonesia departed from individual awareness to carry out tabligh which developed into a collective awareness to carry out da’wah within a certain system within the da’wah institution. The concept of da’wah is not only synonymous with tabligh but covers all aspects of life and tabligh is only part of Islamic da’wah. An activity can be called da’wah if it includes a system of joint efforts of believers in the context of realizing Islamic teachings in terms of socio-cultural life. The role of da’wah institutions in Indonesia can act as a motivator because basically this approach strategy is basically an effort to raise public awareness so that they can develop the existing resources of the Indonesian people, the environment and the natural surroundings to get better results. This is where the socio-religious potential of preachers and da’wah institutions can carry out their role as Indonesian non-governmental organizations, especially through religious values ​​such as independence, justice, cooperation and so on.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang lebih mendalam dari persaingan sumber daya manusia terhadap keterampilan pelaporan keuangan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan strategi literature review. 20 artikel penelitian yang relevan dijadikan sebagai data sekunder dan dijadikan sebagai sumber penelitian. Kriteria yang digunakan untuk mencari database Google Scholar digunakan untuk memilih artikel. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persaingan sumber daya manusia berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kapabilitas pelaporan keuangan. Selain itu, pengguna laporan keuangan dianggap mampu membuat keputusan ekonomi yang lebih baik dengan bantuan keterampilan laporan keuangan yang kuat. Ketika sumber daya manajemen siklus yang kompeten tersedia, laporan keuangan akan lebih akurat, efisien, dan efektif. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi suatu organisasi atau lembaga dalam rangka mendorong persaingan sumber daya manusia dan menghasilkan laporan keuangan yang berkualitas.

Shepherd is one of the four kinds of offices that are given responsibility by God and placed in the church and function for building the body of Christ. The shepherd is the leader who brings the congregation to maturity in Christ, Ephesians 4:11. God calls and places someone to be a shepherd to carry out the Divine mandate, which is to shepherd the sheep. The linguists in this study use a qualitative method, namely a theological review presented using literature or literature studies.

God gave a divine mandate to humans (women and men) since the beginning of creation is to rule the world (Genesis 1:27). Women and men were created in the image and likeness of God, equal in God's presence, and received the same Divine mandate and carried out the Divine mandate according to God's commands or will. To find out specifically about women in carrying out Divine mandates, this writing is reviewed theologically using qualitative methods, namely literature or literature study. Then it is presented in the form of a theological review description.

Literasi digital di era society 5.0 sangatlah penting bagi mahasiswa, dimana konsep tersebut menjadi komponen utama dalam penggunaan teknologi digital supaya dapat berjalan secara baik dan benar. Literas digital banyak dimanfaatkan dikalangan masyarakat terutama mahasiswa di era society 5.0, yaitu untuk memperoleh teknis pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang dibutuhkan saat penggunaan media digital di era society 5.0. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian literatur review dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal dari artikel jurnal nasional yang sesuai dengan topik penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada sembilan komponen literasi digital yang harus dikuasai oleh mahasiswa dalam menghadapi era society 5.0, yaitu social networking, transliteracy, maintaining privacy, managing identity, creating content, organising and sharing content, reusing/repurposing content, filtering and selecting content, serta self broadcasting .

The advancement of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) is transforming the way scientists conduct deep-sea exploration and environmental monitoring. AUVs equipped with sophisticated sonar, AI-driven navigation systems, and real-time data transmission capabilities can explore extreme marine environments where human intervention is impossible. This paper reviews state-of-the-art developments in AUV technology, including enhanced battery efficiency, swarm intelligence for coordinated underwater missions, and AI-based anomaly detection for marine biodiversity assessment. Additionally, the study highlights the role of AUVs in disaster response, such as oil spill detection and ocean pollution analysis. By addressing technical challenges such as communication latency, data processing in harsh environments, and energy efficiency, this research aims to contribute to the next generation of AUV applications.