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Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread muscle pain and fatigue, often accompanied by psychological symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Medication adherence is crucial for managing this condition, yet many patients struggle to follow prescribed regimens. This study aims to explore the role of self-efficacy in medication adherence among fibromyalgia patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The researcher conducted a literature search in major electronic databases to identify relevant studies published between 2015 and 2023. Out of 1,247 identified articles, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for analysis. The meta-analysis results indicate a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy and medication adherence (r = 0.42, 95% CI [0.35, 0.49], p < 0.001). Moderator analysis revealed that this relationship is stronger among patients receiving self-efficacy-based interventions compared to those receiving standard care. These findings underscore the importance of integrating self-efficacy enhancement strategies into fibromyalgia management to improve medication adherence, ultimately leading to better patient health outcomes.

Background: The elderly are more likely to suffer from gout with symptoms of pain and swelling in the joints.  Pain that is not handled properly can trigger a prolonged stress response, which will reduce the body's resistance. One non-pharmacological therapy that can be given to gout sufferers is a warm compress from Moringa leaves.  Warm compresses from Moringa leaves are a technique for applying compresses to joint areas that experience pain due to gout.  Objective: To determine the results of differences in pain intensity before and after applying a warm Moringa leaf compress to Lanisa.  Method: This research used a descriptive research design with a case study approach on 2 respondents in Pucangsawit Village, Jebres, Surakarta who experienced joint pain due to gout, carried out once every morning for 3 consecutive days within 20 minutes.  Results: there was a decrease in the intensity of gout pain after giving therapy to Mrs.  Y from a pain scale of 6 to a pain scale of 3 and in Mrs.  M from a pain scale of 5 to a pain scale of 2. Conclusion: the application showed that after applying a warm compress on Moringa leaves there was a change in the intensity of pain in both respondents.

Background: Sectio Caesarea (SC) is a surgical procedure to deliver a fetus by making an incision to open the abdominal wall and uterine wall or a hysterotomy to remove the fetus in the mother's womb. In recent years, normal delivery has been considered a difficult way of giving birth and tends to be dangerous for the mother and her baby. The use of Caesarean section is increasing globally, and now accounts for > 1 in 5 (21%) of all births. This number is predicted to continue to increase, almost a third (29%) of all births are estimated to be carried out via sectio in 2030. Method: This type of research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental approach. The research was conducted at the Lake Paris Health Center, Aceh Singkil Regency in 2024. The research population was all post partum mothers with cesarean sections at the Lake Paris Health Center, Aceh Singkil Regency, namely 30 people. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The data analysis used was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis, the analysis used was the Non-Parametric Test (Man-Whitney) with α = 0.05. Results: The results of the study showed that before the intervention was carried out, there were 3 respondents experiencing mild pain (10.0%), 14 respondents experienced Moderate pain (46.7%), and 13 respondents experienced severe pain (43.3%). After the intervention, 2 experienced no pain (6.7%), 13 experienced mild pain (43.3%), 2 experienced moderate pain (6.7%), 13 experienced severe pain (43.3%). Conclusion: The results of statistical tests obtained P value = 0.000 < 0.05, meaning that there was a significant difference before and after giving early mobilization treatment to mothers post cesarean section at the Lake Paris Health Center, Aceh Singkil Regency in 2024

Gallbladder disease is associated with a malfunctioning gallbladder and highly concentrated bile, leading to conditions such as the formation of gallstones or cholelithiasis. Cholelithiasis can occur due to high concentrations of cholesterol in the gallbladder. Obstruction of the cystic duct, either by stones or functional issues, can cause acute inflammation of the gallbladder. Acute cholecystitis attacks are often associated with gallstones, or cholelithiasis. Common symptoms include right upper quadrant or epigastric abdominal pain, especially after consuming fatty foods, with additional symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fever, and diarrhea. The development of this disease is believed to involve many factors and likely arises from complex interactions between various genetic and environmental elements. An imbalance in bile composition, characterized by excessive cholesterol secretion, reduced gallbladder motility, and the accumulation of mucin gel, contributes to the formation of gallstones. Gallbladder disease related to cholesterol results from a biochemical imbalance involving lipids and bile salts in the bile stored in the gallbladder. A 45-year-old patient, Mrs. D, has several risk factors that increase the development of the disease, and the following case report discusses the clinical presentation and laboratory examination results related to the onset of this disease. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed on the patient, and appropriate education was provided, illustrating the importance of intra-professional collaboration and positive outcomes for the patient.

Appendicitis is inflammation that occurs in the Appendix vermicularis where Appendicitis generally occurs due to an inflammatory process of bacteria. This disease is the most common acute abdominal surgical case. Appendicitis can affect all age groups, 16-year-old female patients with complaints of lower right abdominal pain since 2 days ago. The patient was diagnosed with Acute Appendicitis. The procedure is in the form of surgery, namely Appendectomy. The most common complication found in acute appendicitis is appendiceal perforation, either in the form of free perforation or perforation in the appendix which has been affected (infiltrates) in the form of a mass consisting of a collection of appendices, cecum and small intestine. If a perforation has occurred, then the possibility of peritonitis.

One of the health problems involving school-aged children is musculoskeletal complaints which are thought to be caused by using backpacks that are too heavy. School bags are used as containers for books and other school equipment to be taken to school. The current trend is that schools often give homework, assignments and extra-curricular activities which have an impact on the amount of material that school students have to bring. Objective: To determine the differences in levels of neck pain when using backpacks in children aged 10 - 12 years among students at SDN Barusari 01 Semarang in terms of gender. The sample in this study consisted of 52 children. Research Method: backpack use questionnaire and REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) observation sheet. This research uses bivariate analysis, namely the Chi-Square test. The results showed that, of the 52 students, 26 students (68.2%) complained of mild pain and 18 students complained of moderate pain (21.7%) and 8 students did not complain of pain (10.10%). There is a relationship between backpack use and complaints of shoulder pain with a P value of 0.011 (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the use of backpacks and complaints of shoulder pain in students at Sdn Barusari 01 Semarang. Suggestion: Awareness of paying attention to the load or weight of backpacks at school is important to implement as a preventive measure to reduce the incidence of complaints of shoulder pain in school-aged children.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a disease of the wrist caused by repetitive movements in an abnormal position continuously and for a long time, so that the median nerve in the wrist becomes pinched or compressed. Risk factors that may influence the event CTS include age, gender, and occupational factors. The problem experienced by the patient is pain in the wrist, tingling in the palms that spreads to the fingers. Therefore the provision of interventions using ultrasound aims to reduce pain, andexercise therapy aims to increase the range of motion of the joints, increase muscle strength, and restore functional activity.

Cervical cancer is a primary malignant tumor originating from squamous epithelial cells or cells originating from the vagina and urethra, usually occurring in the cervix or cervix which is located between the uterus and the sexual canal (vagina). According to WHO 2018, cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in women throughout the world, estimated at 570,000, while new cases in 2018 or 6.6% of all cancers in women. Human papilloma virus or commonly called (HPV) is known to cause cervical cancer which can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, infection with several types of viruses, and personal hygiene. Symptoms of cervical cancer can be recognized by the presence of fluid from the birth canal, namely abnormal vaginal discharge, contact bleeding (bleeding during intercourse), and feeling pain during coitus / sexual intercourse as well as bleeding even after entering menopause. Early symptoms of pre-cancerous conditions are generally characterized by the discovery of abnormal cells. These abnormal cells develop into cervical cancer and then the following symptoms of cervical cancer appear; the appearance of pain and bleeding during sexual intercourse (contact bleeding), abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding outside the menstrual cycle, bleeding between regular menstrual periods, menstrual periods that are longer and more abundant than usual, bleeding after menopause, vaginal discharge excessive and abnormal, if the cancer has spread to the pelvis, the patient will suffer from complaints of pelvic pain, difficulty urinating, and enlarged kidneys. Cervical cancer can be prevented 100% by HPV vaccination, using condoms, avoiding tobacco consumption, and early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions.

Keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi. Keratitis can be classified based on the layer of the cornea affected, such as superficial and deep keratitis, or based on the cause, namely keratitis due to reduced tear secretion, keratitis due to drug poisoning, keratitis allergic reaction, infection, immune reaction, reaction to chronic conjunctivitis. This report describes the case of a 44 years old man who came with the main complaint, his left eye felt painful/stinging since ± 3 months ago. Pain in the left eye worsens when the patient leaves the house and is exposed to sunlight, complaints become mild if the patient is not exposed to sunlight. The patient's complaint initially arose after a foreign object entered the patient's eye, after which surgery was carried out, a week after the operation the patient's eye felt painful again. Ophthalmic status examination revealed a decrease in the left visual acuity from 6/12 to 6/18 ± 2 months after surgery, the bulbar conjunctiva was hyperemic, and the cornea was cloudy. The patient was diagnosed with keratitis et. causa oculi sinistra bacteria. In management, patients are given education to avoid direct exposure to sunlight/dust, avoid rubbing their eyes, and use protective glasses every time they leave the house. The pharmacological management given is in the form of antibiotics, cycloplegics, painkillers and H2 receptor antagonists.

Congestive heart failure is a pathophysiological condition in which the heart as a pump is unable to meet the need for blood for tissue metabolism. It has been reported that a 56-year-old patient with complaints of shortness of breath is felt to be worse when sleeping in a supine position and improves when sitting in a sitting position. The complaint was accompanied by chest pain that radiated to the back and left arm and palpitations. Patients also complain of getting tired easily when doing activities even to walk to the bathroom. On physical examination, it was found that irregular S1-S2 was accompanied by a murmur. On the examination of ECG and Echocardiograph, it was found that the picture of AF and EF was 41%. In the thorax photo examination, cardiomegaly. The management of this patient is the administration of drugs that reduce shortness of breath and chest pain in patients.

An abcess is a collection of pus in an indefinite space in the body, an abscess can appear on the surface of the skin and can appear in the tissues of an organ. Abscesses occur due to an infectious process or from parasitic bacteria due to foreign bodies, such as splinters, bullet wounds, needles. Many patients come with complaints of pain, swelling, redness, fever and others. Therefore, to overcome this problem, it is necessary to take quick action to help reduce and deal with the problem of abscess disease among the community by using the clustering method do that it can help agencies in conducting socialization so that the communinty knows more about the factors that cause abscess disease and how to handle it. From this research courced at tha Binjai estate Health Center which consists of several variables, namely age, type of abscess disease data that often appears, the abscess disease data that often appears after doing the 2 cluster process is with age is 26-35 years, with the type of abscess disease is dental abscess, and the casual factor is not maintaining dental hygiene.

Osteoarthritis is often found in the elderly which is characterized by damage to the cartilage located in the joints caused by mechanical or biochemical stress on the body. Most osteoarthritis is found in the knee joint with complaints of pain and decreased range of motion. Its management can be carried out with non-pharmacological therapy, namely stretching exercise therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stretching exercise therapy on decreasing the pain scale and increasing the range of motion of the knee joint in osteoarthritis patients. This study used a pre-experimental design with a one group pre-post test approach, a sample of 30 patients was obtained by total sampling technique. The instrument in this study was the verbal descriptor scale (VDS) pain scale observation sheet. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results of the study before stretching exercise therapy showed that the knee joint pain scale in osteoarthritis patients averaged 4.50 and after stretching exercise therapy the knee joint pain scale decreased to 1.93. And the Wilcoxon signed rank test obtained a significance value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05) which means that there is an effect of stretching exercise therapy on reducing the knee joint pain scale in osteoarthritis patients. Stretching exercise therapy is able to optimally increase muscle flexibility and range of joint motion so that it can have the effect of reducing or eliminating joint pain.

The crime of maltreatment is a deliberate act that causes injury, pain or even death to a person. However, efforts to resolve minor persecution crimes can be done through Restorative Justice. Restorative Justice can be done through mediation of victims of persecution. This research formulates the problem of knowing how the legal arrangements by the Prosecutor's Office on Restorative Justice and knowing how the efforts and obstacles to overcoming persecution crimes based on Restorative Justice by the North Padang Lawas State Attorney's Office. This research method is through empirical juridical research with field studies at the North Padang Lawas State Attorney's Office related to countermeasures against criminal acts of persecution based on Restorative Justice. The data collection technique used by the author in this research is Field Research, which includes data sourced from interviews with the Public Prosecutor at the North Padang Lawas State Attorney's Office. Data analysis used in this research is qualitative analysis. The process of applying Restorative Justice in the crime of persecution in the North Padang Lawas District Attorney's Office is carried out by means of the Public Prosecutor offering peace efforts to the victim and suspect. Based on cases that meet the criteria for Restorative Justice, the State Attorney's Office will write to the High Prosecutor's Office and the Deputy Attorney General's Office for General Crimes to seek approval for Restorative Justice. The North Padang Lawas District Attorney's Office prioritizes peace between victims and perpetrators in resolving cases of light maltreatment by involving the families of both parties, such as community leaders, without any pressure, coercion, or intimidation from the Public Prosecutor who acts as a facilitator.

This study examines the relationship between Kegel exercises and the healing of perineal wounds in postpartum mothers who underwent normal delivery. Perineal wounds, a common outcome of vaginal childbirth, can lead to discomfort and complications if not properly managed. Kegel exercises, known for strengthening the pelvic floor muscles, may also play a crucial role in accelerating the healing process of perineal wounds. This research involved a sample of postpartum mothers who were instructed to perform Kegel exercises regularly. Data were collected through clinical observations and self-reported healing experiences over a specified period. The findings indicate a significant positive correlation between the regular practice of Kegel exercises and the expedited healing of perineal wounds. Mothers who adhered to the exercise regimen reported reduced pain, faster wound closure, and improved overall postpartum recovery. These results suggest that Kegel exercises should be recommended as a routine postpartum practice to promote faster healing and enhance the well-being of new mothers. Further research is recommended to explore the underlying mechanisms and to establish standardized guidelines for the implementation of Kegel exercises in postpartum care.

Sectio caesarea is an artificial birth that is carried out by making an incision in the abdominal wall and uterine wall. After a caesarean section operation, the mother will feel pain and have an impact that will limit the mother's mobility. One way of non-pharmacological management to reduce post-cesarean section pain is by doing endorphin massage. To determine the results of the implementation of endorphin massage on the level of pain in post partum mothers with a history of caesarean section delivery in the Cempaka ward of RSUD dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen. This research is a descriptive study in the form of a case study which was carried out on 2 respondents who were mothers post caesarean section by doing endorphin massage for 3 consecutive days with a frequency of 1x a day for 20 minutes. The assessment of the pain scale for the two mothers post sectio caesarea on the first day was on a moderate pain scale and on the third day after implementing endorphin massage, the respondents' pain scale decreased to a mild pain scale. There was a decrease in pain levels before and after endorphin massage was given to mothers post caesarean section in the Cempaka RSUD dr Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen.

During menstruation one of the most common complaints experienced by adolescents during menstruation caused by severe contractions of the uterine muscles is called dysmenorrhea. Almost all teenage daughters experience menstrual pain with levels of pain ranging from mild to severe. The absence of teenagers at school is one of the consequences of dysmenorrhea. Abdominal Stretching Exercise is an alternative non-pharmacological therapy option that can reduce dysmenorrhea. During exercise, there will be an increase in the levels of endorphins produced in the brain and also in the spinal cord nerve structure. To find out the impact of abdominal stretching exercises on decreased dysmenorrhea in teenage girls. This type of research is pre-experimental with the design of one group pretest posttest with a sample of 26 respondents. The research tools used in this data collection are the numeric rating scale questionnaire sheet and the observation sheet. The abdominal stretching exercise is performed on the first day of menstruation twice with a duration of 15 minutes. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Before performing abdominal stretching exercises some respondents experienced severe to moderate pain. The Wilcoxon test results showed an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of <0.05 which means there is an effect of Abdominal Stretching Exercise on Dismenorean Pain Reduction in Teenage Girls. The abdominal stretching exercises have an effect on dismenoreal pain reduction in teenage girls.

Indonesia is a State of Law, this is stated in the explanation of the 1945 Constitution which states that; "The Indonesian state is based on law and not based on mere power." Law is a rule or regulation that regulates society. All behavior and actions of its citizens must be based on law, therefore, Indonesia is a country of law, obliged to carry out legal functions consistently as a means of upholding justice.  As times progress, of course crime becomes more developed and organized. One of the problems that often comes to the surface in people's lives is crime in general, as currently we often encounter delinquency in the form of narcotics abuse. In Article 1 Paragraph 1 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2009 concerning NARCOTICS, the meaning of narcotics, namely substances or drugs derived from plants, either synthetic or semi-synthetic, which can cause a decrease or change in consciousness, loss of taste, reduce or eliminate pain, and can cause dependence, which are differentiated into groups as attached in the Law - The Narcotics Law is often used outside of medical and scientific purposes, which in the end will become a danger for the user, which in the end can also have an influence on the social order of the people of the nation and state. Combating narcotics abuse is not an easy thing to implement but the state is determined to eradicate it. Narcotics abuse covers all levels of society, including poor, rich, old, young and even children. Narcotics abuse has increased from year to year, which ultimately harms the nation's future cadres. One of the efforts made by the government to tackle the narcotics problem is through improvements in legal regulations. This improvement is very necessary because the influence of narcotics is very large on the survival of a nation.

Chikungunya is a disease caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Some of the symptoms are sudden fever, chills, pain in the joints, muscle pain in the neck, shoulders and limbs, rash. Treatment of sufferers is aimed at complaints and symptoms that arise and the drugs given are generally only to relieve existing symptoms, such as giving Antipyretic drugs to relieve fever, Antiemetic drugs to relieve nausea / vomiting, or Analgetics to relieve joint pain only, from these problems many people also do not understand the handling of chikungunya disease, therefore it is necessary to have a system that can collect information to collect information and conduct counseling activities on the treatment of Chikungunya disease to the general public and especially to the elderly to provide knowledge about Chikungunya disease using the Certainty Factor method. The purpose of this research is to provide information and knowledge to the public about Chikungunya Disease Treatment and the Elderly know the medicine for Chikungunya Disease treatment. From the results of applying the certainty factor method to diagnose chikungunya disease, it can be obtained that the diagnosis result is acute chikungunya disease with a confidence level of 95.19%.

The third trimester of pregnancy is the final trimester of pregnancy, in this period the fetus grows within a period of 29-40 weeks, where this period is the time to prepare for childbirth. During the pregnancy process, physical and psychological changes will occur. Physical changes can cause discomfort such as pain in the symphysis pubis. Pubic symphysis pain occurs because during pregnancy there will be an increase in the height of the uterine fundus. Efforts to alleviate pubic symphysis pain include warm compresses and peppermint aromatherapy. This study aims to determine the effect of warm compresses and peppermint aromatherapy on pubic symphysis pain in third trimester pregnant women. This is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design using approach one group pretest-posttest design without control group. The total sample consisted of 66 third trimester pregnant women, selected using a purposive sampling technique. The Wilcoxon test results showed a significant effect of warm compresses and peppermint aromatherapy on reducing pubic symphysis pain, with a p-value of 0.000 (≤ 0.05). Warm compresses and peppermint aromatherapy can be used as nursing interventions to reduce pubic symphysis pain in third trimester pregnant women.

UNP LAB Development Middle School carries out various extracurricular activities, including Scouting, PMR, Paskibra, Football, Basketball, Painting, Dance and Drum Band. Of the several extracurricular activities at UNP LAB Development Middle School which are included in the field of musical arts, namely Drum Band .Basically, Rudiment is basic training for drummers. Rudiment training includes a variety of movements and patterns designed to build strength, accuracy and speed of the hands, as well as improve coordination between the two hands. The method in this research is action research. Action research is an activity or corrective action that is planned, implemented and evaluated systematically so that its validity and reliability reach research level. Action research is a process that includes a cycle of action, which is based on reflection, feedback, evidence and evaluation of previous actions and the current situation. Basic training in rudiment/basic stiking techniques in drum band extracurriculars at UNP DEVELOPMENT SMP as a whole has been proven to be effective. in various forms of percussion playing patterns and help improve the playing skills of junior high school drum band participants UNP LAB DEVELOPMENT. With rudiment training it can help make drum band playing easier. Rudiment training has been proven to have a positive impact on percussion playing procedures, by applying the rudiment method to every percussion game of course the Participants will certainly find it easy to understand percussion playing patterns and can save practice time more efficiently. Apart from that, implementing rudimentary training can reduce the energy expended by UNP LAB DEVELOPMENT SMP drum band participants in playing percussion.