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The aim of this research is to find out the meaning of respect for ancestors contained in the mangongkal holi ritual of the Christian Batak community. The research method used is qualitative research with a socio-theological approach. The current understanding of the Christian Batak community regarding the mangongkal holi ritual is very different, especially after the arrival of Christianity to Batak land, some think that this ritual contains animism or something else and there are also those who think that this ritual is contrary to Christianity. This ritual cannot be said to be in conflict with Christianity, but on condition that in the ritual there is no hasipelebeguon or things related to ancestor worship because in essence, as a Christian Batak society, they must be able to balance ritual and religion. This research explains what the meaning and purpose of the mangongkal holi ritual is for the Batak people, how the ritual and things related to mangongkal holi are carried out and their relationship with Christianity, and this research also explains how ancestors are respected biblically and also in Toba Batak ways. The result of this research is to examine socio-theologically the mangongkal Holi ritual by taking the example of moving Joseph's bones, which is about how respect for ancestors is depicted.  

The purpose of this study is to investigate the concept of justice according to Amos's perspective and how to identify concrete methods of its implementation for the church today. This research uses Thematic Method with literature study, to analyze relevant texts from the Book of Amos in the Bible. The analysis focused on identifying central themes related to justice from Amos' perspective. In addition, the research also incorporates relevant theological and social literature to understand the context of the implementation of the principles of justice of Amos in the modern church. The results revealed that Amos emphasized the importance of social justice, rejection of economic injustice, and an active role in combating oppression in society. Implementation of these principles in today's church involves a variety of actions, including proactive social service, advocacy for structural change, and education of church members on issues of justice

Abstract. One of the legacies of the ancestors in the Toba Batak culture is the Manulangi ritual. One of the Manulangi rituals in Toba Batak society is currently known as Sulang-sulang Hariapan. Hariapan toasts in Batak society are known as a way of honoring elderly parents. Respecting parents is an implementation of the fifth law of the Torah contained in Exodus 20:12: "Honor your father and mother, so that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you." In Christian teaching, we teach respecting parents, not speaking harshly, not insulting parents, especially when they are sick, but parents must be given encouragement so that even when they are sick, they remain calm and wait for death to come. Every child who respects his parents will receive blessings. The author uses a qualitative approach. The Qualitative Approach emphasizes the search for meaning, understanding, concepts and descriptions of a phenomenon; prioritizes quality, and is presented narratively. Research data was collected through interviews. The author conducted open interviews so as not to limit the informants from conveying their understanding of Sulang-sulang Hariapan. This research was conducted in Sungai Raya Village, Siempat Nempu Hulu District, Dairi Regency. The results of research conducted by the author on traditional figures, religious leaders and ordinary people in Sungai Raya Village in performing the Hariapan Toasts are the result of interpreting the meaning of the Fifth Commandment, even the Hariapan Toasts are the result of a theological study of the Fifth Commandment.

In carrying out teaching, one cannot be separated from various challenges which can become obstacles in the educational process, including in teaching Christianity. This research aims to describe in detail the various challenges experienced in the process of learning about Christianity. This research uses literature studies from various sources, so this writing uses qualitative methods based on descriptive theological and social research. The results of the research show that the challenges of contemporary Christian education and teaching in the formal realm are quality of education, industrial revolution 4.0, pandemic and exclusivism

The family is an institution formed by God on this earth, but often believers do not involve God in their household when problems arise in the family. Parents should educate their children gently, but there are parents who educate their children in a harsh tone. Christian parents educate their children based on the word of God, but there are parents who educate their children not based on the word of God. Parents should educate their children with love, but there are parents who educate not based on love, and often even embarrass their children in public. Educating children in the family has a target to glorify God, but there are parents who don't understand that. The purpose of this research is to find out the theological studies on how parents educate their children in Christian families. The methodology used in this research is qualitative with a library research approach to find articles that are relevant to the topic of discussion. The results of this research are educating with good examples, educating with faith, educating with love, educating patiently, educating meekly, educating humbly, educating by not being angry and educating by forgiving. As a conclusion from this research, parents need to set a good example, through faith, love, patience and gentleness.

One of the churches that performs services by utilizing the development of information technology is the virtual reality church pastored by DJ Soto. All services are carried out virtually. In its service information, this church offers water baptism sacrament services which are carried out virtually. This research aims to conduct a theological and scientific study of virtual water baptism so that it becomes input for believers and God's church. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach, in which the primary data was obtained by means of literature review. The results of the study show that water baptism carried out by the virtual reality church has no biblical basis, so believers and God's church must reject this baptism.

This article highlights the important role of catechism in developing the faith of young Catholics in the modern era. This study uses a theological analytical discourse methodology to analyze the role of catechism as a medium for building faith. Catechesis is a means used by the Church to communicate the teachings of faith to the people. Through catechesis, the Church can provide effective accompaniment of faith to young people. This study focuses on the problems faced by young people today. They are the next generation of the Church who need special attention because they are very vulnerable to being influenced by the fast and swift currents of modernity. Therefore, an effective assistance effort is needed for them. The research findings show that young people, who are in a period of searching for identity, tend to get bored easily and are quickly satisfied. In this context, catechesis as a form of faith formation is an effective choice and responsive to the lifestyle of today's youth. Through catechesis, young people can gain a deeper understanding of the teachings of the faith, strengthen their relationship with God and develop a strong Christian identity. Digital catechesis, which combines technology with messages of faith, can be a relevant and attractive medium for young people. In conclusion, digital catechesis has a significant role in developing the faith of young Christians. In facing the challenges of modern times, the Church needs to use catechesis as an effective strategy to assist young people in strengthening their faith. By utilizing technology and adapting the right content, digital catechism can be an effective tool in forming a young generation who are firm in their faith and ready to face the changing times.

This article highlights the important role of catechism in developing the faith of young Catholics in the modern era. This study uses a theological analytical discourse methodology to analyze the role of catechism as a medium for building faith. Catechesis is a means used by the Church to communicate the teachings of faith to the people. Through catechesis, the Church can provide effective accompaniment of faith to young people. This study focuses on the problems faced by young people today. They are the next generation of the Church who need special attention because they are very vulnerable to being influenced by the fast and swift currents of modernity. Therefore, an effective assistance effort is needed for them. The research findings show that young people, who are in a period of searching for identity, tend to get bored easily and are quickly satisfied. In this context, catechesis as a form of faith formation is an effective choice and responsive to the lifestyle of today's youth. Through catechesis, young people can gain a deeper understanding of the teachings of the faith, strengthen their relationship with God and develop a strong Christian identity. Digital catechesis, which combines technology with messages of faith, can be a relevant and attractive medium for young people. In conclusion, digital catechesis has a significant role in developing the faith of young Christians. In facing the challenges of modern times, the Church needs to use catechesis as an effective strategy to assist young people in strengthening their faith. By utilizing technology and adapting the right content, digital catechism can be an effective tool in forming a young generation who are firm in their faith and ready to face the changing times.

This study aims to study communication in various languages in the social interactions of Theology students at the Theological College in Jakarta. The focus of this research is to explore how students can communicate in various languages, namely Indonesian, English, and regional languages (Javanese, Batak, Banjar, and Sundanese). In addition, this study also aims to identify how students and the community can establish active and comfortable communication in conveying ideas and ideas. Lastly, this research will study the views of the people in Jakarta, especially the people on the outskirts of Jakarta such as the borders of Bekasi, Depok, Tangerang, and Bogor Cities, towards the presence of Christian Theology students in contributing to society. This research method involves collecting data through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The data obtained will be analyzed critically to gain a deep understanding of student's communication skills in various languages, their efforts to build active and comfortable communication, as well as public perceptions of the role and contribution of Christian Theology students in Jakarta. The results of this research are expected to provide valuable insights into the development of Theology education, cross-cultural understanding, and the social contribution of Theology students in society. Through a better understanding of the importance of communication in multiple languages in the social interactions of Theology students, steps can be taken to improve the quality of education, communication skills, and social contributions of future Theology students. In this context, cooperation between educational institutions, the community, and the government in Jakarta is very important to create a conducive environment for the development of theology students' communication skills in various languages and establish harmonious relations between students and the community.

In a multicultural life, Indonesia has very unique differences, both in terms of culture, customs, ethnicity, religion and language. It can be illustrated that culture can be viewed as a basis for behavior in the world to live in diversity. The existence of cultural diversity in Indonesia is unique and at the same time there is a national opportunity, besides that it can also play a role as a factor of unrest in various regions in a democracy. So in writing this article the author will examine the multicultural view Tologically from the perspective of Christian Religious education regarding multiculturalism, to be used as one of the solutions to minimize conflicts that often occur both in terms of culture, customs, ethnicity and language, which is centered on teaching the Bible, especially for PAK teachers to apply to pupils or students. In this article the author also uses qualitative methods to get the right sources to develop hypotheses related to the topic or topic of research. A proper qualitative approach involves analysis and description of all sources, information, and data in the literature. Qualitative research is information based on sources from various sources, both literature and other sources. Relevant data, number theory, scientific journals and other relevant literature.

In writing this article, we discuss the integrity of PAK teachers in forming the spiritual character of students. Because nowadays, there are still some teachers who have not been able to show a Christlike attitude to life, so they are not a good role model for students. In fact, the integrity of an PAK teacher directs the behavior of students so that they are successful in following lessons in a certain knowledge environment. In fact, the integrity of an PAK teacher directs the behavior of students so that they are successful in following lessons in a certain knowledge environment. The results of the research show that there are several things that educators need to pay attention to in forming a child's spiritual character, namely: First, maintaining the sanctity of his life as God's partner in educating. Second, directing his students to become students like him and realizing that he is a servant of God whose job is to teach God's word to all nations. Third, Christian religion teachers must prepare lessons as well as possible.Fourth, Christian religious teachers must be role models and have integrity and be friendly to students in the context of forming the spiritual character of students.  This study used the cauldron method qualitative with the library data used are the Bible, journals, articles and theological books that support the topic of discussion.

The Power of the State Apparatus As a government institution in the perspective of moving the State Capital becomes part of the practice of social reproduction. Various considerations wrapped in political consensus are a challenge for bureaucrats. It is suspected that his involvement in carrying out his duties and responsibilities simultaneously has an impact on the domino effect that arises as a response to transcendental transformation. The grand factor driving the transfer of IKN is such as population agglomeration on the island of Java, which has an impact on economic stagnation which is increasingly apprehensive. In other words, the underdevelopment experienced by regions outside Java will soon be resolved. The symptom of duality in the structuring of agent behavior becomes so essential considering that the agent, namely the bureaucrat, is the key person as well as a vessel for social reproduction. Thus, it is hoped that Giddens' conception in the corridor of internal bureaucratic structuring in the search for resources as a nation accelerator can be realized properly. This is in line with the transformation of community development which requires institutional elements to accommodate all levels of stakeholders. Giddens' concept emphasizes how patterns of power relations, systems and structures unite in building the evolution of a theologically patterned society. The duality approach between the possessors of power and their powers will influence each other on an ongoing basis. More than that, the connection between political phenomena in creating opportunities will be very radical when an actor expects to optimize the capacity of his actions to influence other elements. Various speculations from minority groups to the voice of environmental elements over the transfer of the national capital are purely based on an oligarchic profit-sharing project. This skeptical assumption overshadows the fact that the development transformation synergy is fraught with risks for the possibilities that will occur. Especially regarding investment-motivated funding for the state capital project, it will confront the role of bureaucrats in a metaphorical setting in the growth of national economic capacity. It is claimed that the megaproject will participate in mobilizing supporting resources that cannot be separated from the comparison of science and technology development.

In the context of the modern church, the leadership role of Christian women has become an increasingly important and complex issue. Despite increasing awareness of the importance of gender equality, there are still challenges and obstacles that hinder the advancement of Christian women in ecclesiastical leadership roles. This article aims to explore the influences and challenges faced by Christian women in ecclesiastical leadership and find solutions to promote their role in the modern church. Therefore, in this study the authors used a qualitative approach by applying a literature review and reflective analysis. A literature review was conducted to gather relevant literature on Christian women's leadership in the modern church, including scholarly articles, books, ecclesiastical journals, and theological sources. Reflective analysis was then carried out to deeply understand the influence that Christian women have on ecclesiastical leadership as well as to identify the challenges they face in the context of the modern church. Based on the literature review and reflective analysis conducted, this article reveals that Christian women have a significant influence in ecclesiastical leadership, including in ecclesiastical decision-making, public service, teaching, and spiritual guidance. However, they also face challenges such as restricted traditional roles, different interpretations of the Bible, gender stereotypes, lack of necessary support and training, and cultural conservatism. Therefore, this article concludes the need to recognize and promote the role of Christian women in ecclesiastical leadership by creating an inclusive environment, providing adequate training, overcoming cultural barriers, and promoting gender equality in the modern church.

  The life of every God's people is never without serious problems, for example; skeptical of Christ, lack of self-knowledge as God's glorious creation, and doubts about his salvation. Referring to this problem, the writer conducts a theological analysis of the narrative of the Gospel of John. 3:1-21 as an alternative solution to the problem. The alternatives offered by this thought are: as God's people, they must experience spiritual renewal in the sense that they are born again, have integrity and an attitude of life as they are, understand the concept of salvation correctly, and respect themselves as God's precious creation. This study uses a qualitative method with a library approach. The final conclusion of the author about "Effective Pastoral Counseling Services According to the Gospel of John 3:1-21" is, the meaning of Jesus' ministry to Nicodemus contains an understanding that is needed by today's Christians.

This study explores how the Qadiriyya–Naqshbandiyya Suryalaya Sufi Order (TQN Suryalaya) integrates spiritual practice and metabolic health to strengthen community resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. While global health responses have largely focused on biomedical interventions, this research emphasizes the complementary role of faith-based practices in promoting holistic well-being. Using a qualitative methodology—including in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis of the 2020 Maklumat and Abah Aos’s letter to the President—the study identifies two interrelated pathways that underpin the Sufi lifestyle. The psychospiritual pathway encompasses the reduction of death anxiety through tawakkul (trust in God) and riḍā (contentment), emotional stability via dhikr (remembrance of God) and muraqabah (mindful awareness), and theological framing that interprets fear of Allah as the ultimate form of protection. These practices helped practitioners reframe pandemic-related uncertainties, mitigate stress, and foster emotional resilience. The metabolic pathway involves dietary simplicity, moderated caloric intake, physical worship routines, stress management, and structured sleep hygiene. Together, these elements supported immune competence and physical health, aligning with contemporary models of psychoneuroimmunology and holistic health promotion. Findings reveal that the TQN lifestyle does not only enhance individual mental well-being but also fosters social solidarity through communal worship, mutual aid, and spiritual counseling, thereby functioning as a culturally embedded form of faith-based social welfare. The study highlights the policy potential of incorporating Sufi practices into community health strategies and enriches interdisciplinary literature on religion, resilience, and social welfare. This dual-pathway model demonstrates that Sufi traditions can play a critical role in mitigating both the psychological and physiological impacts of global crises.

This research is entitled "The Concept of Faith According to Islam and Catholicism". As for the focus of this research, there are three sub-problems, namely: 1) what is the concept of faith according to Islam and Catholicism, 2) what is the similarity of faith according to Islam and Catholicism, 3) how is the difference in faith according to Islam and Catholicism. This type of research is comparatively qualitative. Comparatively qualitative is doing analysis to find and find similarities and differences in phenomena. This research is focused on the literatures and library materials related to the research title, namely the concept of faith according to Islam and Catholicism. The approach used is a normative theological approach. Has two sources of data consisting of: primary and secondary sources. The primary data sources in this study were sourced from the Koran and the Bible. Meanwhile, secondary data sources are supporting data such as books or other scientific works as well as various writings ranging from books, journals, websites, theses and so on. The results of this study are the similarities and differences in Islam and Catholic Christianity related to faith, namely; First, in terms of understanding about faith, these two religions have the same meaning, although they differ in terms of language, but have the same meaning if taken from the Qur'an and the Bible, because basically these come from the same root. Second, they both believe that God created the universe, and that God also created humans, although they differ in terms of the pronunciation and the way of believing in it. Third, these two religions both believe in several prophets and apostles who are believed to be messengers of God to reveal His glory to mankind. Like the prophet Adam and his wife Eve were the first humans created by God after creating the world. Fourth, believe in the Day of Judgment or life after death. which is clearly different from the way you believe in it or what you believe in.  

The main problem of this research, discusses "Knowledge of Religious Moderation Class VI at Ats Tsaqofiy Islamic Boarding School Tanjung Morawa". The main problems of the research are divided into two sub-problems, namely: 1) What is the Meaning of Religious Moderation in Indonesia, 2) How is Knowledge of Religious Moderation among Santri Class VI Pesantren Ats Tsaqofiy Tanjung Morawa. The objectives of this research are: 1) To find out the Purpose of Religious Moderation in Indonesia, 2) To find out the Level of Knowledge of Religious Moderation among Pesantren Ats Tsaqofiy Tanjung Morawa. This type of research is quantitative, with a normative theological approach. The sources of research data are primary data, data obtained using questionnaires, and several other community leaders. Second, from several books, journals, magazines, newspapers or online news. Supporting data are not taken directly from informants but through documents and research results that are relevant to this research problem to complete the information needed in the study. The results of this study can be seen that most of the respondents have a "sufficient" level of knowledge about religious moderation as many as 15 people (48.4%) and respondents have a "less" level of knowledge about religious moderation as many as 12 people (38.7%), and respondents have a "good" level of knowledge about religious moderation as many as 4 people (12.9%). So, according to Ari Kunto, the measurement of the level of knowledge about religious moderation in class VI students is categorized as "less" because the percentage of research results above is less than 55% (<55%).