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Individual economic stability is a crucial prerequisite for achieving well-being and financial independence. The Community Service Program (PKM) titled "Initial Steps Towards Economic Stability for Students of SMA Swasta Nurcahaya Kota Medan" aims to enhance students' financial literacy and entrepreneurial skills through socialization and discussion. This activity involved introducing the basic concepts of economic stability, personal financial management, and simple entrepreneurial initiatives. The results showed positive responses, with increased student understanding of financial literacy, awareness of the importance of personal economic stability, and interest in starting small businesses. These findings indicate that the program successfully motivated students to create simple financial plans and be more attentive to economic conditions. This step serves as a significant foundation for preparing students to face future economic challenges.

The Constitutional Court (MK) has a strategic role in maintaining the stability of the Indonesian constitutional system through its main function as a guardian of the constitution. This article aims to analyze the influence of the Constitutional Court on constitutional stability, both through legal testing of the 1945 Constitution, the resolution of authority disputes between state institutions, and through supervision of the implementation of elections. Using a normative juridical approach, this article reveals that the Constitutional Court has made a significant contribution in maintaining balance between state institutions, ensuring electoral justice, and upholding the supremacy of the constitution. Nevertheless, challenges such as the independence of judges and the implementation of judgments remain issues that require attention. This article recommends strategic steps to enhance the role of the Constitutional Court in strengthening the stability of Indonesia's constitutional system.

Poverty is a major issue faced by developing countries, including Myanmar. This article analyzes the level of poverty and economic factors affecting these conditions in Myanmar. Using a qualitative approach with literature review methods, this study collects secondary data from various literatures, reports, and previous research. The findings indicate that poverty in Myanmar is exacerbated by factors such as political instability, ineffective economic policies, and prolonged internal conflicts. The military coup and the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly reduced economic growth, increased poverty rates, and worsened living conditions. Additionally, international sanctions and the decline in bilateral aid have contributed to the ongoing economic crisis. The role of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in addressing poverty in Myanmar is a crucial focus of this study. The study concludes that collective efforts from various parties are necessary to address poverty in Myanmar through economic policy reforms, political stability improvements, and sustained international aid.

The article discusses the role and strategies of the Central Bank and the Government in maintaining financial system stability, which is crucial for the effective functioning of market economies. A stable financial system is essential for rational decision-making regarding resource allocation and enhancing the investment climate. Historical experiences, particularly Indonesia's financial crisis in 1998 and the global financial crisis in 2008, highlight the high costs associated with financial instability and the importance of implementing both microprudential and macroprudential policies to prevent such crises. The Central Bank of Indonesia (Bank Indonesia) plays a vital role in this regard by regulating monetary policy, overseeing financial institutions, and ensuring a robust payment system. It employs various indicators to measure financial stability, including capital adequacy ratios and economic growth metrics. The article emphasizes that stability in the financial system not only fosters investor confidence but also supports efficient financial intermediation, ultimately contributing to sustainable economic growth.

Generation Z or Gen Z is a generation that lives alongside the development of digital technology. The age of Gen Z is the age of the generation that will lead a nation in the future, for this reason, careful preparation is needed to form the characteristics needed by the world in the future, one of which is sensitivity to global issues. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to find out the role of Gen Z in obtaining information and responding to existing global issues. The research method in this study is a narrative review with a qualitative research type. The results show that Gen Z's concern can be seen from their sensitivity to global issues by being actively involved through social media platforms, for example about maintaining mental stability, environmental issues such as climate change, and so on. 

This qualitative literature review examines the influence of index fund ownership on share recall behavior and proxy voting outcomes. Index funds, as passive investors with substantial ownership stakes, have significant power in corporate governance, especially through their voting decisions. Although typically less involved in shareholder activism, their voting behavior can shape corporate outcomes, providing stability in governance. However, the review also highlights concerns about the lack of active scrutiny over management decisions, potentially leading to suboptimal outcomes in companies with weak governance structures. The review compares findings from various studies, emphasizing the evolving role of index funds in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder value. It also discusses the limitations of existing literature and calls for future research to explore the behavior of different types of index funds, as well as the potential influence of ESG factors on corporate decision-making.

Fraud in the government sector is a serious issue that can threaten the stability and efficiency of governance. This study aims to analyze the role of internal government auditors in mitigating fraud risk. The method used is a literature review with a qualitative descriptive approach, examining 10 relevant journals. The results indicate that internal auditors play a crucial role in detecting and preventing fraud by thoroughly examining internal control weaknesses and utilizing modern technology such as Whistleblowing Systems. The effectiveness of internal audits is supported by strong leadership and high awareness of fraud risks, as well as appropriate structural reform policies. The study concludes that effective internal auditing is essential in enhancing transparency and accountability and recommends the need for comparative analysis across regions to evaluate the diversity of internal audit practices. Additionally, further research is needed to explore the impact of information technology and Whistleblowing Systems in fraud prevention, as well as the role of leadership and organizational culture in supporting the internal audit function.

The Constitutional Court (MK) regarding the Election Law on the presidential and vice presidential nomination threshold. Since the presidential election was held directly, the issue of the threshold for nominating presidential and vice presidential candidates has always surfaced every time a presidential election is held. In 2004, for example, the presidential nomination threshold was 10 percent. This research is a juridical-normative research, namely a process to find legal rules, legal principles, and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal issues faced. The data was analyzed descriptively-qualitatively.The results of this study indicate that the Constitutional Court Decision Number 74/PUU-XVII/2020 concerning the presidential nomination threshold (Presidential Threshold) is one of the important decisions in the discourse of democracy in Indonesia. The following is an explanation of the Ratio Decidendi of the decision in relation to the concept of democracy: Constitutionality of the Presidential Threshold The Constitutional Court (MK) in its decision emphasized that the presidential threshold or presidential nomination threshold is constitutional. This means that the provisions regarding the threshold do not conflict with the 1945 Constitution. The Constitutional Court is of the opinion that the presidential threshold is an open legal policy (Open Legal Policy) which is the authority of the lawmakers, namely the House of Representatives (DPR) and the President. The purpose of the Presidential Threshold, the Constitutional Court explained that the purpose of the presidential threshold is to simplify the party system and the presidential system, as well as to create government stability. The Ratio Decidendi of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 74/Puu-XXII/2024, Number 87/Puu-XXII/2024, Number 129/Puu-XXI/2023, Number 131/Puu-XXI 2023 concerning the Presidential Nomination Threshold is the Presidential Threshold is constitutional and does not conflict with the principles of democracy.

Labeling theory provides a critical perspective on the criminal justice system that tends to reinforce criminal identities through formal labeling. Unfortunately, criminal policies that are ideally designed to manage crime and maintain social stability often result in negative impacts such as stigmatization. This study explores the integration of labeling theory and decriminalization as a more inclusive and social justice-based criminal policy approach. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that decriminalization prevents formal labeling that is the root of the cycle of social stigma. In addition, decriminalization provides opportunities for individuals to remain integrated into society, increases their access to health services and rehabilitation programs, and creates more inclusive social conditions. However, the success of decriminalization depends heavily on the government's ability to overcome various inherent challenges, including cultural resistance, concerns about policy abuse, and limited supporting infrastructure.

The interest rate in the Iraqi economy represents an active and important element in the management of monetary policy in the Iraqi economy, as it is used by the monetary authority represented by the Central Bank of Iraq to influence the money supply, as well as the impact of this also by allocating the available resources for savings among foreign investments to achieve the central goal of the monetary authority of achieving stability in prices such as the interest rate and various prices and values of investments together and thus achieve balance at the economic and financial levels. This research analyzes the relationship between interest rate changes (IRC) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Iraqi economy during the period from (2004-2023). Multiple analytical tools were used, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, time series analysis, and prediction models using ARIMA and Prophet. The results showed an association between the two variables under consideration, with the ability of the ARIMA and Prophet models to provide accurate forecasts of future   FDI trends. A quantitative methodology that includes descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, time series models, and forecasting tools has been adopted to clarify the relationship between the two variables and draw conclusions that support economic decision-making.

A peel-off facial mask is a cosmetic preparation in the form of a gel, which is applied to the skin of the face and left to dry so that a transparent film is formed that is elastic and easy to remove. One of the factors that influences the characteristics of peel-off gel face masks is the gel-forming ingredients which have different characteristic properties. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of loaded red bracts of Kepok banana flowers (Musa paradisiaca L.) which were formulated into peel-off face maks with varying gelling agent concentrations. This research was carried out experimentally in the laboratory, including: taking plant samples using purposive sampling, sample processing and plant determination, making extracts using ultrasonic waves, making peel-off face mask preparations with gelling agent concentrations, physical evaluation of the preparations and stability test.  The research results showed that the physical preparation of the peel-off face mask loaded with red bracts of Kepok banana flowers (Musa paradisiaca L.) was brownish red in color, odorless, gel texture, transparent, sticky, thick, non-synergic and homogeneous. The stability results show that there is a change in pH before and after test.

Since June 2020, passing a psychological test is the main requirement to obtain and extend a driver's license, to complement the ability to concentrate, accuracy, self-control, adaptability, emotional stability and work endurance. It is expected to prevent accidents due to psychological factors from the driver. So it's not just driving and riding skills but also a driving attitude with a responsible attitude for safety. This is what soft skills are measured through the psychological test. According to the data that has been collected, many traffic accidents are caused by the psychological condition of the driver. Through psychological tests, drivers will be assessed from several aspects, namely the ability to concentrate, accuracy, self-control, adaptability, emotional stability and work endurance. And it is hoped that other drivers will also feel confident that other drivers around them have good psychological aspects so as not to endanger their safety.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a critical indicator that measures the quality of development in a region through health, education, and economic dimensions. This study aims to analyze the key factors influencing HDI and its impact on social development in Indonesia. Using a descriptive analysis approach, secondary data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) were utilized to evaluate HDI trends and disparities in recent years. Findings indicate that HDI improvement directly impacts community welfare, strengthens social stability, and reduces economic inequality. However, challenges such as regional disparities and unequal access to basic services must be addressed to achieve sustainable development. The implications of this study are expected to serve as a reference for policymakers in designing more inclusive development strategies.

Eye drops are used for dry eyes, red eyes, allergies, infections, and glaucoma. Evaluation of eye drops includes pH, osmolality, and viscosity, which must be adjusted so that the preparation is comfortable for the eyes and does not cause irritation. This review aims to determine the active ingredients that are suitable for use and the efficacy of these active ingredients in eye drops that are made. Literature searches were conducted using online-based literature search instruments, such as Google Scholar. The results and discussions include several physical and chemical evaluations from several journals. Based on the literature study conducted, it can be concluded that various formulation innovations for the treatment of dry eyes, including lipid-based liposomes, omega-3 fatty acids, and natural ingredients such as castor oil, show great potential in mimicking the function of the natural tear film, reducing fluid evaporation, and supporting regeneration and stability of corneal epithelial cells.

This study aims to measure user satisfaction with the Booking Bromo website using the Modified WebQual 4.0 method. The website is used by tourists to book entrance tickets to Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS); however, there have been complaints about service quality, such as frequent server inaccessibility, a monotonous website design, and a lack of community interaction features. Using a quantitative approach, the study involved 338 respondents who were users of the Booking Bromo website. Data were collected through a questionnaire measuring variables such as Usability Quality, Information Quality, Service Interaction Quality, Visual Quality, and User Satisfaction. The results show that Usability Quality and Information Quality significantly influence User Satisfaction, while Service Interaction Quality requires improvement, particularly in transaction security and user communication features. This study provides recommendations to enhance website service quality and features to improve user satisfaction, such as improving server stability, providing clearer information, and adding more interactive community communication features. 

Research into cell-based therapies has grown rapidly in recent years, particularly in the context of immunotherapy and gene therapy. Cell-based therapy is an innovative approach that uses living cells, such as genetically modified T cells, to recognize and destroy cancer cells or other diseases. Additionally, developments in gene therapy allow scientists to edit or repair damaged genes, thereby restoring normal cell function. This research aims to explore recent developments in cell-based therapies, as well as their impact on immunotherapy and gene therapy. The main focus is on methods used to modify cells, such as CRISPR/Cas9 technology, as well as techniques to improve the ability of immune cells to target and kill cancer cells. The research also covers the challenges faced in this therapy, including the risk of side effects, genetic stability, and sustainability of transplanted cells. The research results show that cell-based therapies offer new hope in the treatment of difficult-to-treat diseases, such as cancer and rare genetic disorders. However, further research is still needed to ensure its long-term safety and effectiveness. This research is expected to provide in-depth insight into the potential and challenges of cell-based therapies, as well as providing a basis for future clinical development.  

International trade plays a vital role in driving sustainable global economic growth. Institutions such as the WTO, IMF, and the World Bank contribute to regulating and facilitating fair and efficient global trade. This study examines the role of institutions in international trade and their impact on economic development. Using qualitative methods, the study shows that institutions help reduce trade barriers, enhance economic stability, and encourage sustainable innovation and investment. The results show that institutions play a key role in ensuring trade that contributes positively to global economic growth.

Indonesia's aerospace sector plays a crucial role in maintaining national sovereignty. However, the country's airspace is often infiltrated by irresponsible parties, necessitating an effective monitoring system. Unmanned radio-controlled helicopters are a potential solution, although they are limited in range. This study aims to design a long-range control system for radio-controlled helicopters using satellite phone communication, which offers wide coverage and can reach remote areas. The system comprises a remote control, a radio converter circuit, an audio mixer, and a satellite phone. The radio converter functions to transform the radio control signal frequency into its original frequency without a carrier frequency, which is then re-converted to be compatible with satellite phone input for signal transmission. Test results indicate that the system can transmit control signals with adequate frequency stability within the expected range. Despite minor oscillator instability at certain stages, the system overall operates as designed. In conclusion, this satellite phone-based control system effectively extends the operational range of radio-controlled helicopters and serves as a strategic solution for monitoring Indonesia's airspace.

This study analyzes the ambiguity regarding the obligation to mediate in resolving patent disputes according to the Patent Law, and its implications for the efficiency of the dispute resolution process. Although Article 153 and Article 154 of the Patent Law open up opportunities for dispute resolution through alternative mechanisms, the ambiguity regarding the obligation to mediate creates legal uncertainty that can hinder efficiency and increase dispute costs. Based on the Economic Analysis of Law approach, this study shows that the obligation to mediate can reduce social costs, accelerate the dispute resolution process, and increase overall economic efficiency. Mediation as an obligation can reduce the burden on the judicial system, minimize transaction costs, and create better legal and business stability. Therefore, this study encourages the implementation of the obligation to mediate in patent disputes to create a more efficient, fair, and profitable dispute resolution system for all parties involved.    

Modern cellular tissues have evolved into cell tensegrity structures, where cell strength and stability are established through supportive interactions. Tensegrity improves the efficiency of frequency spectrum use and signal quality in cellular networks. Research shows miRNAs play an important role in the regulation of gene expression in the immune system, providing new insights into the complexity of modern biological systems. Structural Design of Cellular Tissues involves computer simulation studies and laboratory experiments on cell tensegrity. Immune Regulation by MicroRNAs includes analysis of MiRNA gene expression and functionality using technologies such as microarrays and high-throughput sequencing. Data Integration includes identifying microRNA gene targets and understanding transcriptional regulation through methods such as reporter gene assays and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation to predict cellular responses in clinical scenarios. The complex interplay between cellular tensegratas mechanisms and immune regulation by microRNAs shows how widespread their interactions are in human biological systems. The cellular tensegratas structure helps improve intercellular communication, while immune regulation by microRNAs ensures the body's proper response to pathogens. Recent research on microRNAs has exposed their role in the development and function of mammalian immune cells. MiRNAs play an important role in the development and function of mammalian immune cells. The complex interactions between cellular tensile mechanisms and immune regulation by microRNAs demonstrate how structural and functional integration can improve the performance of human biological systems. Integration of these data provides a complete picture of the complexity of modern biological systems and their clinical implications in the diagnosis and treatment of immunological diseases.