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Improving the quality of children's health is one of the main priorities in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in addressing stunting prevention in Indonesia. Stunting remains a serious challenge in public health development, especially among young children who suffer from chronic malnutrition. To tackle this issue, effective nutritional education is essential, especially for young mothers who play a central role in caregiving and determining their children's dietary intake. In line with the shift in information consumption patterns from conventional media to digital platforms, social media is becoming increasingly significant as a channel for health communication and education. One emerging phenomenon in this context is the rise of public figures from the medical profession actively sharing health-related content online, commonly referred to as “doctor influencers.” This study aims to analyze the digital communication strategies employed by doctor influencers, using the Instagram account @mizaafrizal, owned by Dr. Miza Afrizal, as a case study, focusing on how he educates young mothers about child nutrition. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techniques such as content observation, in-depth interviews, and literature review on digital communication and health promotion. The findings indicate that Dr. Miza employs a persuasive and interactive communication strategy through the use of humanistic language, visually engaging content, and scientifically supported information in each post. He also leverages Instagram features like reels, stories, and the comment section to establish two-way communication with his followers. Dr. Miza’s credibility as a pediatrician enhances the reception of his messages. His approachable, clear, and educational style of delivery successfully captures the attention of young mothers and increases their understanding of the importance of nutrition in early childhood development. These findings highlight the influential role of doctor influencers as change agents in raising public awareness about child nutrition. Moreover, they contribute positively to digital-based health promotion efforts in Indonesia, showing the potential of social media as a powerful platform to support national health initiatives.  

The practice of overclaiming in the skincare industry, particularly through e-commerce platforms, has emerged as a critical concern in the realm of consumer protection law. Misleading product claims, especially regarding active ingredients such as retinol, can not only compromise consumer trust but also pose health risks. This study aims to analyze the legal responsibility of business actors in cases of exaggerated product claims, with a focus on the ElsheSkin case, in which the retinol content was scientifically proven to differ significantly from what was stated on the product label. Employing a juridical-normative and descriptive-analytical approach, this study uses secondary data derived from relevant legislation, expert commentary, regulatory standards, and digital media content. The findings indicate that ElsheSkin’s mislabeling constitutes a violation of the principle of transparency and the right of consumers to obtain accurate product information as regulated in Indonesian consumer protection law, particularly Law No. 8 of 1999. Despite the violation, ElsheSkin displayed a degree of legal and ethical responsibility by conducting a product recall, offering compensation to affected consumers, issuing a public apology, and initiating improvements to internal quality control mechanisms. The case underscores the urgent need for stronger regulatory oversight in the digital marketplace, especially in the skincare sector, where scientific claims can be easily manipulated for marketing gain. It also emphasizes the importance of enhancing public awareness and education regarding product ingredients and their actual effects. In conclusion, while business actors are legally bound to ensure the accuracy of product information, there must also be a collaborative effort between regulators, companies, and consumers to create a more transparent and trustworthy digital commercial environment.  

Advances in information technology-based financial services are beginning to follow suit, in the form of peer-to-peer lending, which provides easy access to loans without the need for conventional financial institutions. However, this convenience brings new challenges, particularly regarding the protection of users' personal data. Many platform providers access excessive amounts of sensitive information, such as contacts, photos, and other personal data, which can be misused to the detriment of borrowers. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyze regulations related to personal data protection, particularly in the field of peer-to-peer lending services in Indonesia. It also analyzes the role of financial institutions, namely the Financial Services Authority (OJK), in addressing potential violations committed by platform providers. Using a normative legal approach, the study shows that despite the existence of these regulations, implementation in the field is suboptimal, particularly in terms of monitoring illegal platforms. Furthermore, challenges to oversight include limited resources and a lack of digital literacy among the public, which results in many users not fully understanding the risks of sharing their personal data. This study also highlights the importance of collaboration between the OJK, the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, and law enforcement agencies to strengthen oversight mechanisms and take action against violations. In addition, extensive public education regarding personal data security is needed to encourage greater vigilance in using digital services. Personal data protection must be a top priority in the development of financial technology to prevent privacy violations. Strict regulations and effective sanctions are expected to provide a deterrent effect and create a healthy and equitable fintech ecosystem in Indonesia. This study also recommends that the government accelerate harmonization between the Personal Data Protection Law (PDP Law) and financial services sector regulations, particularly regarding service providers' transparency obligations in managing consumer data.  

This study investigates the monetary transmission mechanisms influencing inflation and exchange rates across seven Southeast Asian countries (Myanmar, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) over the period 2010–2023, with special focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research addresses the problem of macroeconomic instability, particularly the volatility in inflation and currency values during crisis periods, and aims to identify the dominant monetary factors affecting these indicators. The study employs a mixed quantitative approach using Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR), Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), and Paired Sample t-Test to analyze the short-term and long-term relationships among key variables: Gross Domestic Product (GDP), investment, money supply (M2), interest rates, inflation, and exchange rates. Findings reveal that GDP is the most influential factor impacting both inflation and exchange rates, followed by money supply and interest rates. The variance decomposition analysis confirms that these monetary variables significantly explain macroeconomic fluctuations in both pre- and post-pandemic contexts. The t-Test further indicates statistically significant changes in inflation and exchange rates before and after the pandemic, highlighting the disruptive effect of COVID-19 on economic stability. The results demonstrate that inflation declined significantly in most countries during the pandemic, while exchange rate behavior varied depending on economic resilience and policy responsiveness. The study concludes that maintaining macroeconomic stability requires not only monetary policy coordination but also effective public health crisis management. This research contributes to the regional policy discourse by offering empirical insights and evidence-based recommendations to strengthen economic resilience in Southeast Asia.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by infection with bacteria from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex group. TB prevention efforts are crucial, especially for individuals at high risk of exposure, to disrupt the chain of transmission of this disease. The intervention aimed to increase community understanding of TOSS TB (Find, Treat, Treat Until Cured) so that it can be applied in daily life. It is expected that after the intervention, participants' knowledge will increase, as will their ability to demonstrate the practices taught appropriately. Data collection was conducted through a mini-survey of the community in the local Community Health Center (Puskesmas) working area. The data obtained were then analyzed using the Blum Paradigm to identify factors contributing to the problem. Problem prioritization was carried out using the non-scoring Delphi method, while root cause analysis was conducted using a fishbone diagram. During the intervention process, pre- and post-tests were conducted to evaluate changes in the level of knowledge of villagers before and after the intervention. For program monitoring and evaluation, the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle approach and a systems approach were used. The analysis using the Blum Paradigm showed that lifestyle was the primary contributing factor to the problem. After the intervention, three participants were able to repeat the material effectively, demonstrating a better understanding of TB prevention. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the intervention was successful and is expected to encourage improvements in public health in the village. Furthermore, this program is also expected to serve as a model for other public health interventions, thereby expanding the positive impact of TB control efforts in other areas. Thus, public awareness and knowledge about TB can continue to increase, which in turn will contribute to reducing TB incidence in Indonesia and improving the overall quality of life of the community.

Cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern for women in Indonesia, especially due to low awareness and limited early detection practices. Nurses play a strategic role in cervical cancer prevention efforts, particularly in providing health education and implementing early screening methods such as the Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) test. This literature review aims to examine the involvement of nurses in cervical cancer education and screening across various regions in Indonesia from 2020 to 2025. A total of 18 studies were selected through the PRISMA method and analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that nurses serve not only as health educators but also as frontline practitioners in community-based screening initiatives. Despite their critical roles, nurses face challenges such as lack of training, policy support, and community stigma. This review underscores the need for strengthening the nursing capacity and policy support to optimize their contribution to cervical cancer elimination. The results also provide evidence-based insights for developing future nursing interventions and public health strategies targeting cervical cancer in Indonesia.

This study aims to examine one of the disciplines of Islamic law, namely the pricing mechanism from the perspective of Imam Al-Ghazali, in order to create a healthy market environment free from monopolistic practices and manipulation, and aligned with Sharia principles. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a literature study method by reviewing various relevant books, classical texts, articles, and academic journals related to Islamic economics and Imam Al-Ghazali’s thought. The findings indicate that the concept of fair pricing is not solely dependent on the interaction between supply and demand, but must also consider moral and social dimensions, such as justice, honesty, and public welfare. Imam Al-Ghazali strongly emphasized that economic transactions should uphold ethical standards and social responsibility to prevent exploitation and inequality. He argued that pricing must reflect not only market dynamics but also the broader ethical framework rooted in Islamic values. Furthermore, the study explores the concept of economic equilibrium in relation to pricing mechanisms, where prices should ideally balance individual interests with communal welfare. The research also discusses the correlation between economic balance and price-setting policies, including the views of other classical and contemporary Islamic scholars. It is found that state intervention is permissible in certain conditions—particularly when market mechanisms fail to ensure fairness—thus justifying government roles in market supervision and price stabilization. One of the key concepts in Islamic economics is the notion of a just price (al-thaman al-‘adl), as emphasized by Imam Al-Ghazali.. This study concludes that understanding pricing from Al-Ghazali’s perspective offers valuable insights for building ethical and socially responsible economic systems aligned with Islamic teachings.

The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia remains high, with many cases linked to pregnancy complications associated with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Anemia has widespread effects on women’s reproductive health and child development, including decreased immunity, cognitive impairment, and increased risk of premature birth. One promising nutritional intervention is the consumption of mung bean extract, which is rich in iron. This community service activity aimed to improve public knowledge and skills regarding the benefits of mung bean extract for women's reproductive health and child nutrition. The program involved educational sessions and practical demonstrations delivered to residents in the target area, with active participation from local leaders and community members. The results showed increased awareness and motivation among the participants to consume mung bean extract regularly. The enthusiasm demonstrated by the community indicates the effectiveness of this outreach in raising awareness about the importance of simple nutritional interventions to prevent anemia and improve maternal and child health. It is hoped that this activity can be sustained as a promotive and preventive public health effort.

According to WHO (2015), TT immunization coverage in Africa reached 50%, with TT2 at 60%. In Indonesia, the Making Pregnancy Safer (MPS) program set a target of 95% Antenatal Care (K1) coverage, including TT2 by 2019. Puskesmas data in 2016 showed K1 coverage of 880 with TT1 at 27 (3.1%), and K4 at 739 with TT2 at 64 (8.6%). This study aims to assess premarital knowledge of TT immunization based on age, education, and occupation. Using a descriptive design and total sampling, 32 respondents were involved. Results showed most were under 20 years old (41%), had junior high school education (25%), and worked as entrepreneurs (19%). The lowest knowledge level was found among respondents with primary education (19%) and farmers (3%). It is recommended that midwives at Puskesmas Bestari intensify education to improve premarital knowledge about TT immunization.

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva commonly affecting individuals of all ages. In Indonesia, its rising prevalence raises concerns due to its impact on quality of life and potential for community transmission. This program aimed to improve public awareness and prevention of conjunctivitis, particularly in the Puskesmas area. Cause analysis was conducted using Blum’s Paradigm, with data collected via a mini-survey. Problem prioritization applied the non-scoring Delphi method, and root causes were identified using a fishbone diagram. The intervention focused on health education and proper handwashing demonstrations. Evaluation was conducted using the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle and a continuous monitoring system. Results showed an increase in post-test scores following education sessions, indicating improved community understanding of proper hand hygiene to prevent conjunctivitis transmission. The initiative is expected to continue as part of community health promotion and prevention efforts.

The development of social media has transformed institutional communication strategies, including those of the Indonesian Army (TNI AD) in building a more humanized image. This study aims to analyze how visual and narrative elements in the disaster relief content related to the eruption of Mount Lewotobi, as published by TNI AD on Instagram, are constructed and conveyed to the public. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method using Robert N. Entman’s framing analysis model, which includes problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and treatment recommendation. Data were collected through observation and documentation of TNI AD’s Instagram post dated January 13, 2024. The findings indicate that both visual and narrative framing effectively shape public perception of the TNI AD as a responsive, compassionate, and empathetic emergency actor that presents itself as a solution during humanitarian crises. The humanistic image is emphasized through visuals depicting aid distribution, warm interactions with residents, and the provision of healthcare services. The implications of this study suggest that social media can serve as a strategic tool to strengthen public trust and expand the military's communication role in the civilian sphere, particularly during disaster situations.

The practice of anatomical corpse (cadaver) surgery in medical education has an important value to improve the understanding and skills of medical students related to the anatomy of the human body. However, uncivilized acts of the corpse in this practice can raise legal and ethical issues. This study aims to analyze whether the practice is in accordance with the principles of law, ethics, and respect for the corpse, as well as how the act of treating the corpse uncivilized can be categorized as an unlawful act (wederrechtelijk). The research uses a normative approach with primary, secondary, and tertiary legal analysis, including the Criminal Code, Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, and Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 38 of 2022. The results of the study show that there is a gap in norms related to legal uncertainty in regulating the treatment of corpses in the practice of medical education. Existing norms have not explicitly provided detailed guidance on uncivilized acts, thus opening up space for multiple interpretations. The uncivilized treatment of corpses violates the principles of respect for human dignity as stipulated in criminal law and medical ethics. Therefore, systematic legal interpretation and regulatory reform are needed to provide legal certainty, protect the rights of the corpse, and ensure that the practice of medical education runs in accordance with the principles of ethics, law, and respect for the corpse. This study provides recommendations to strengthen regulations and ethical education in the use of cadavers in order to maintain public trust in the medical profession.

Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) serve as primary healthcare facilities with a strategic role in delivering quality services and adequate infrastructure to the public. However, patient complaints are still frequently found, particularly concerning suboptimal service aspects such as unprofessional staff attitudes and uncomfortable waiting areas. This study aims to examine the relationship between service quality and facilities on patient satisfaction at Puskesmas Selogiri, Wonogiri Regency. The research employed a quantitative associative method with a survey approach. A total of 100 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the Spearman Rank test due to the non-normal distribution of the data. The findings revealed a very strong and positive correlation between service quality and patient satisfaction, with a correlation coefficient of 0.906. Similarly, facilities also showed a strong and significant relationship with patient satisfaction, with a correlation coefficient of 0.850. These results imply the importance of improving service interaction quality and providing comfortable facilities to enhance positive patient experiences and strengthen public trust in the services delivered by Puskesmas.  

Infused water is a functional beverage made by soaking slices of fruits, vegetables, and herbs in mineral water to produce a natural flavor and enhance nutritional content. In recent years, infused water has become part of a healthy lifestyle trend due to its claimed benefits, including detoxification, improved hydration, and immune system enhancement. This article aims to review the latest scientific literature on the potential benefits of infused water on immune function, particularly in the context of regular consumption of natural ingredients such as lemon, ginger, strawberries, and herbs that are rich in vitamin C, antioxidants, and flavonoids. The review was conducted by searching scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, using inclusion criteria that covered publications from 2020 to 2024. The findings indicate that infused water containing vitamin C, gingerol, and polyphenolic compounds can help improve immune function by reducing oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, and stimulating immune cell activity such as lymphocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, optimal hydration from infused water supports various physiological processes of the immune system. In conclusion, infused water holds potential as a simple, natural, and cost-effective strategy to support immune health. However, further research is needed to evaluate its efficacy, optimal formulations, and dosage for maximum benefit.

Nutritional problems among elementary school-aged children remain a critical public health issue in Indonesia. A lack of family understanding regarding the importance of balanced nutrition is one of the key contributing factors to the high rates of stunting and malnutrition. This community service activity aims to improve family awareness of children's nutrition through an educational approach tailored to the families’ social, economic, and cultural characteristics. The program was conducted at SD Inpres Laikang, involving 60 families. The methods included identification of family characteristics, focus group discussions (FGDs), interactive lectures, and pre-and post-test evaluations. The results showed an improvement in nutritional understanding among 87% of participants, along with healthier dietary behavior changes at home. This approach adapts the principles of the Harvard Public Health Nutrition Model, which views the family as a systemic unit in shaping children's eating habits. Education based on family characteristics has proven effective and relevant in supporting sustainable nutrition literacy improvement.

Pregnancy is divided into three stages: the first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester. During pregnancy, the body undergoes various changes that can cause discomfort. Common discomforts experienced by pregnant women include varicose veins, back pain, muscle and joint aches, and lower back pain. These discomforts can be alleviated through pregnancy exercise (prenatal yoga or maternity gymnastics). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge about the benefits of pregnancy exercise and the childbirth process at Ampelgading Public Health Center. The research design used was descriptive quantitative. The population consisted of 35 pregnant women in May 2025, with a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using univariate analysis. The results showed that 36 respondents (50.0%) had moderate knowledge, 25 respondents (34.7%) had poor knowledge, and 11 respondents (15.3%) had good knowledge about pregnancy exercise. Overall, most pregnant women had a moderate level of knowledge. Based on the Spearman Rank statistical test with a 95% confidence level, the P-value was 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating a statistically significant relationship. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between pregnant women's knowledge of the benefits of pregnancy exercise and the childbirth process at Ampelgading Public Health Center.

Iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy remains a major public health concern in developing countries. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of iron and folic acid supplementation, known as iron tablets, in reducing the risk of anemia among pregnant women. A descriptive qualitative literature review method was employed by analyzing nine eligible studies published between 2013 and 2023. Articles were selected from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using specific keywords. The findings suggest that regular consumption of iron tablets, particularly starting in the second trimester and meeting the minimum recommended dose of 90 tablets, is effective in improving hemoglobin levels and lowering anemia prevalence. However, compliance remains a significant challenge, influenced by side effects, maternal knowledge, and social support. The review highlights the need for behavior-based interventions and family involvement to enhance adherence. The implication of this review supports the integration of targeted health education and follow-up strategies within antenatal care services to reduce anemia-related risks in pregnancy.

The leading causes of maternal mortality are thought to include hemorrhage, sepsis, obstructed labor, and hypertensive disease of pregnancy. For many years, demographic and health surveys have been used to study maternal and perinatal health in developing countries. However, few nationwide population surveys have used formally validated questionnaires. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of maternal self-reports of obstetrical complications. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 women at Two Hospitals and one public health center. A questionnaire recorded mothers’ perceptions of obstetrical complications while hospital medical records. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and percent agreement were obtained for obstetrical conditions. Result: In general, women’s reports of obstetrical complications did not match medical diagnoses. The highest agreement was obtained for reporting eclampsia, with less agreement for postpartum haemorrhage. Conclusion: The validity of the survey questionnaires varies between studies due to differences in the questionnaires. Health surveys based on maternal self-report must be interpreted with consideration of this limitation.

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death globally. The Posbindu PTM program serves as an initiative for early detection and prevention of NCDs through community empowerment. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the utilization of the Posbindu PTM program in the working area of Palibelo Health Center, Bima Regency. This quantitative research used a cross-sectional approach, involving 100 purposively selected respondents. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed that education level and knowledge significantly affected the utilization of Posbindu services (p < 0.05). Respondents with higher education and better knowledge were more likely to use Posbindu services actively. However, lack of information and inadequate socialization were identified as major barriers to optimal utilization. Strengthening public health education and promotion is essential to enhance community participation in the Posbindu PTM program.

Dyslipidemia is a major public health risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This condition is characterized by abnormal blood lipid levels, including LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Hypercholesterolemia is often asymptomatic, resulting in many undiagnosed cases until cardiovascular complications occur. The rising prevalence of dyslipidemia, especially in low- and middle-income countries, underscores the importance of screening and prevention to reduce the risk of long-term complications. This community service activity involved 49 adult participants in Danau Sunter, North Jakarta, with cholesterol and HDL level screening conducted through blood tests by trained health workers. The results showed that 29 participants (59.18%) had abnormal cholesterol levels, and 22 participants (44.9%) had low to very low HDL levels. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, increased physical activity, and controlling other risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption, can help lower cholesterol levels. Routine cholesterol screening is highly effective for early detection of dyslipidemia risk, enabling timely preventive interventions to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.