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This study examines the impact of interest rates and inflation during the 2019-2023 period on asset allocation strategies in Indonesia's investment portfolio. Investment decisions are heavily influenced by two macroeconomic components, namely interest rates and inflation. These factors mainly affect how assets comprise a portfolio. In this study, data on Bank Indonesia's benchmark interest rate and the national inflation rate over the past five years are analyzed to see the pattern of change and its impact on asset allocation strategies, which include stocks, bonds, property, and other assets. The results show that rising interest rates significantly encourage people to shift from high-risk assets (e.g. stocks) to safer assets (e.g. bonds and deposits). Meanwhile, high inflation triggers an increased allocation to physical assets such as property and gold as a hedge against declining purchasing power. This research provides insights for investors to adjust their investment portfolios based on macroeconomic dynamics, especially in the face of interest rate volatility and inflation. The findings also highlight the importance of flexibility and diversification in asset allocation strategies to achieve optimal investment objectives amid economic uncertainty. The conclusion of this study confirms the importance of understanding interest rate and inflation dynamics in formulating effective investment strategies in Indonesia. The implications of these findings can be used by investors and policymakers in designing better monetary policies and investment strategies, in order to maintain national economic stability.

Efforts to reduce regional inequality are aimed at Accelerate equitable development . Implementing a healthy fiscal policy through government spending is a form of effort to reduce this inequality . Government spending can provide intervention in regional policies to boost the economy through regional government spending and revenue . This study examines the development of inter -regional inequality mapping through the Class typology method , measuring inequality with the Williamson index , and testing multiple linear regression to analyze regional government spending on inequality in the Western Region of Indonesia in 2019-2022. The results show that the average regional inequality index is at moderate inequality , namely 0.465. In addition , the regression results show that efforts to reduce regional inequality aimed at Accelerate equitable development through fiscal policy trend to be ineffective . The contribution of government spending has not been significant impact on reduce inequality . Therefore , evaluation and improvement in government spending policies are needed so that they can be more effective in achieving the goal of alleviating regional inequality in the western region of Indonesia.

This research aims to underscore the significance of women's emotional intelligence in enhancing the effectiveness of the Board of Directors, a crucial component of internal governance, particularly during crises. Despite strides made in recent decades in appointing women to senior roles in government, business, and education, challenges persist in improving women's leadership opportunities, especially in developing countries. The study utilizes statistical methods, including Pearson's correlation, to analyze the relationships between variables within a sample of banks listed on the Iraqi securities market, comparing periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2019 and 2020). The goal is to measure the impact of female emotional intelligence on the Board of Directors' ability to manage crises, focusing on variables such as conservative accounting policies, Board compensation and benefits, meeting frequency, the ratio of external auditor fees to enterprise capital, enterprise capital, share profitability, and the market-to-share profitability ratio. Findings indicate that emotional intelligence (measured by the number of females on the Board) positively influences conservative accounting policies and meeting frequency during crisis periods. Conversely, the pre-crisis period showed a negative relationship, suggesting a proactive and risk-responsive stance by women during crisis. Additionally, the study observed an inverse relationship between crisis periods and both Board compensation and external auditor fee ratios, implying a cost-reduction strategy facilitated by female emotional intelligence. The crisis period also saw an increase in the profitability of individual shares and the market-to-share profitability ratio. The research recommends expanding the study to compare the role of emotional intelligence in Boards between developing and developed economies.

This study explores social entrepreneurship in Muara Teweh, focusing on how innovative practices and collaborative efforts contribute to community economic development. The research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology to analyze existing literature related to social entrepreneurship and its impacts on local economies. By examining various case studies and theoretical frameworks, this paper identifies key factors that facilitate successful social entrepreneurial initiatives in Muara Teweh. The findings reveal that innovation and collaboration not only enhance the effectiveness of social enterprises but also foster sustainable economic growth in the community. This study highlights the importance of integrating local resources and knowledge, as well as the role of community engagement in driving social entrepreneurship forward. The research concludes with recommendations for policymakers and practitioners to enhance the effectiveness of social entrepreneurship in Muara Teweh, emphasizing the need for supportive frameworks that encourage innovation and collaboration among stakeholders.

This study explores social entrepreneurship in Muara Teweh, focusing on how innovative practices and collaborative efforts contribute to community economic development. The research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology to analyze existing literature related to social entrepreneurship and its impacts on local economies. By examining various case studies and theoretical frameworks, this paper identifies key factors that facilitate successful social entrepreneurial initiatives in Muara Teweh. The findings reveal that innovation and collaboration not only enhance the effectiveness of social enterprises but also foster sustainable economic growth in the community. This study highlights the importance of integrating local resources and knowledge, as well as the role of community engagement in driving social entrepreneurship forward. The research concludes with recommendations for policymakers and practitioners to enhance the effectiveness of social entrepreneurship in Muara Teweh, emphasizing the need for supportive frameworks that encourage innovation and collaboration among stakeholders.

Inflation is a complex economic phenomenon and has a broad impact, including on a country's import policy. When inflation occurs, domestic prices of goods and services increase, thereby increasing production and consumption costs. As a result, producers must increase product prices to maintain profit margins, which can reduce domestic demand and increase demand for imports because local prices become more expensive than imported goods. In addition, inflation also weakens the value of a country's currency, increases the demand for foreign exchange to pay for imports, and worsens the exchange rate. Countries with high inflation rates often experience trade deficits due to a surge in imports and a decline in exports, which in turn depletes foreign exchange reserves because they are needed to pay foreign debt and import goods that are needed but can no longer be exported. To overcome inflation, countries can adjust their strategies. import with more effective measures. Several steps that can be taken include: (1) Optimizing the Import List, namely prioritizing essential goods that are difficult to re-export; (2) Negotiation of Import Tariffs, with the aim of reducing import costs and increasing trade flexibility; and (3) Investment in the Local Manufacturing Sector, in order to reduce dependence on imports and increase domestic competitiveness. With this strategy, import policies can be anticipated and prepared proactively to be more effective in dealing with inflationary conditions. This abstract discusses the impact of inflation on import policies and strategies to deal with it, such as optimizing import lists, negotiating import tariffs, and investing in the local manufacturing sector.

This study presents a case study on the implementation of community-based development programs in disadvantaged areas, focusing on the challenges and successes encountered during the execution of these initiatives. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research involved in-depth interviews with various stakeholders, including community members, local government officials, and representatives from non-governmental organizations. The findings indicate that community engagement in the development process not only enhances the effectiveness of the programs but also strengthens the sense of ownership and responsibility among residents. However, the study also identifies several challenges, such as limited resources, inadequate infrastructure, and resistance to change, which can hinder progress. These findings underscore the importance of a collaborative approach and sustained support from all stakeholders to achieve success in community-based development. Furthermore, the research highlights the necessity of tailoring programs to meet the specific needs and contexts of the communities involved. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners in designing and implementing more effective development programs in disadvantaged areas, emphasizing the critical role of community participation in fostering sustainable development.

This research explores the role of maritime vocational schools in preparing graduates to become effective advocates for policy development and sustainability within the maritime industry. Through qualitative research and descriptive analysis, the study examines the perspectives of maritime professionals, lecturers, graduates, and government officials to assess the effectiveness of current educational programs. The findings highlight strong technical competency development but reveal gaps in policy understanding, leadership skills, and the practical application of sustainability principles. Collaboration between industry and educational institutions is effective, but greater government involvement is needed. To address these challenges, maritime vocational schools must enhance their curricula by incorporating modules on policy advocacy, leadership development, and sustainability. This will ensure that graduates are equipped to influence policy, lead teams, and promote sustainable practices, contributing to the long-term competitiveness and sustainability of the maritime industry.

This study aims to analyze the role of local governments in the implementation of sustainable development policies in urban areas. Using a qualitative approach through case study methods, data were collected via in-depth interviews with local government officials, focus group discussions with community members, and analysis of policy documents and local development reports. The findings indicate that local governments play a vital role in creating positive impacts on the environment and the quality of life for residents through various implemented programs, such as integrated waste management systems, the development of green open spaces, and sustainable transportation policies. Despite significant progress, this research also identifies challenges faced by local governments, including funding limitations, a lack of community education, and the need for improved inter-agency coordination. To enhance their effectiveness in achieving sustainable development goals, local governments must address these challenges through increased budget allocations, educational campaigns to raise community awareness, and strengthened collaboration among agencies. By taking these steps, local governments can be more effective in realizing sustainable development and ensuring a better quality of life for urban residents. This research provides important insights for policymakers and practitioners in their efforts to create sustainable and responsive urban communities.

This research examines the effectiveness of sustainability initiatives within the maritime sector, focusing on their environmental and economic impacts. Through qualitative analysis of perspectives from maritime professionals, educators, and graduates, the study identifies key successes and challenges in implementing sustainability programs. Larger maritime companies have shown significant progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving operational efficiency, while smaller enterprises face financial and logistical barriers to adopting green technologies. The study also highlights the gap between sustainability education and its practical application in the industry, calling for stronger collaboration between academic institutions and industry leaders. The findings underscore the need for continued innovation, policy support, and investment to ensure that sustainability initiatives contribute to both environmental preservation and long-term economic growth in the maritime sector.

This research aims to reveal the influence of deferred tax expense, green intellectual capital, and debt policy on company performance. This type of research uses associative quantitative research methods. The population in this research are Basic Materials sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2021-2023. The sampling technique in this research is based on purposive sampling technique. It is known that as many as 106 companies are listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in the Basic Materials sector. With the sample selection criteria, a sample of 24 companies was obtained, so the total number of data observations was 72. This research uses statistical tools, namely eviews software version 12. The analysis technique used is data regression. panel. The research results show that deferred tax expense, green intellectual capital, and debt policy simultaneously have a significant effect on company performance. Meanwhile, partially it shows that the deferred tax expense has no effect on company performance. green intellectual capital influences company performance. Debt policy influences company performance.

Corruption action by police officers is part of law enforcement efforts aimed at preventing and eradicating corrupt practices that are detrimental to the state and society. Corruption, as a criminal act involving abuse of power for personal gain, requires a systematic approach and high integrity from law enforcement, including the police. This article discusses the role of the police in handling corruption cases, the challenges faced in the enforcement process, and the steps needed to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement against criminal acts of corruption. Through policy analysis and case studies, factors that influence the success of enforcement are identified, such as internal corruption, lack of transparency, and coordination between other law enforcement agencies. The conclusions of this research highlight the importance of reform in police institutions, special anti-corruption training, and increased external supervision to create a police force that is clean and has integrity in efforts to eradicate corruption.

This paper explores the challenges and strategic approaches in the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). By conducting a systematic review of key literature, the study identifies three main challenges: resource constraints, regulatory and compliance barriers, and risk management. These obstacles significantly impact SMEs' ability to expand globally. However, the review also highlights strategic approaches that can help SMEs mitigate these challenges, including forming strategic alliances, adopting digital technologies, and diversifying leadership teams with international expertise. The findings suggest that SMEs must integrate market knowledge, local networks, and technology to enhance their international competitiveness. The paper offers practical recommendations for SMEs and policymakers to facilitate smoother international expansion.

This qualitative literature review examines the impact of tax policies on cryptocurrency exchange preferences within the context of evolving regulations. With the rapid growth of the cryptocurrency market, understanding the relationship between tax regulations and user behavior has become crucial. This study synthesizes findings from various research articles, highlighting how clear and transparent tax policies can influence user engagement and compliance in cryptocurrency trading. The review reveals that uncertainty regarding tax obligations often leads to user avoidance of cryptocurrency exchanges, while a better understanding of tax responsibilities correlates with more proactive investment management. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that cryptocurrency platforms demonstrating transparency in tax handling are preferred by users. The findings emphasize the necessity for governments to develop supportive tax frameworks and educational initiatives to facilitate healthy growth in the cryptocurrency sector. Overall, the research underscores the importance of regulatory clarity in fostering user trust and participation in cryptocurrency exchanges, ultimately contributing to a more robust and sustainable market.

This study aims to analyze the optimal design of whistleblowing programs, focusing on the effects of incentives and the dynamics of whistleblower engagement. Through a qualitative literature review, the research explores the impact of financial incentives on the effectiveness of whistleblowing programs and how factors such as organizational culture and management support influence whistleblowers' decisions. The findings show that while financial incentives are effective in encouraging reporting, excessive incentives can reduce the quality of the information provided. On the other hand, factors such as anonymity and protections for whistleblowers significantly increase their engagement. This study highlights the importance of a holistic approach that combines financial and non-financial incentives with strong protections for whistleblowers to ensure program effectiveness. Furthermore, policy implications suggest the need for continuous evaluation of whistleblowing programs to ensure they remain relevant and effective in detecting violations across different sectors. Although this study provides valuable insights, several limitations, including its focus on literature sourced from the United States and the absence of empirical data, affect the generalization of the findings. Therefore, further research is necessary to test these findings in various organizational contexts and environments.

Using a quantitative approach, this study investigates the effect of port export and import volumes on economic growth in North Sumatra and West Sumatra Provinces. Time series data from the World Bank and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) from 2006 to 2023 are used as secondary data. The analysis uses the ARDL Panel model, which allows for analysis of data dynamics across time and regions. The results show that the three main indicators that affect economic growth (GRDP) in both provinces, both in the short and long term, are export volume, inflation, and exchange rates. In North Sumatra, export volume has a positive impact on GRDP, while import volume has a negative impact, indicating a risk of dependence on imports. Controlled inflation also has a positive impact, while the exchange rate shows a diversion. Policy recommendations are expected to improve global competitiveness and exchange rate stability through coordination of fiscal and monetary policies, support for the Export Capacity Building Program and MSMEs through the Regional Comprehensive Economic Framework (RCEP), and export diversification to reduce dependence on certain commodities. This study emphasizes that policies that are responsive to changes in trade at the national to international levels are an important foundation for stabilizing sustainable economic growth.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage dan growth terhadap kebijakan deviden pada perusahaan LQ45 yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2016-2022. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 12 perusahaan LQ45 dengan total 84 sampel pengamatan yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling.  Data pada penelitian ini diolah dan diuji dengan menggunakan metode analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini adalah profitabilitas berpengaruh positf dan signifikan terhadap kebijakan deviden. Leverage berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kebijakan deviden. Growth berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kebijakan deviden This research aims to determine the effect of profitability, leverage and growth on dividend policy in LQ45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2016-2022 period. The number of samples used in this research was 12 LQ45 companies with a total of 84 observation samples obtained using the purposive sampling method.  The data in this study were processed using and tested using the multiple regression analysis method. The results of this research are that profitability has a positive and significant effect on dividend policy. Leverage has a positive and insignificant effect on dividend policy. Growth has a negative and insignificant effect on dividend policy

The purpose of this study is to analyse the short-term and long-term economic dynamics based on the Phillips Curve regarding the relationship between inflation and unemployment. The analysis results show that there is an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment when viewed from the Phillips Curve model in the short-term. The concept of the Natural Rate of Unemployment (NRU) and the Non-Rapid Inflationary Unemployment Rate (NAIRU) emphasizes that the relationship between inflation and unemployment in the long term will weaken due to people's inflation expectations. The results of the study also show that globalization and rapid technological developments are increasingly blurring the traditional relationship between inflation and unemployment, and the importance of adaptive monetary and fiscal policies. The results of this study provide insight for policymakers to formulate more effective strategies to manage inflation and unemployment.

The research aims to analyze the impact of capital expenditure, leverage, and dividend policy on the relative value of non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Using a quantitative method and multiple linear regression analysis, data were collected from the financial statements of companies over a certain period. Descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis tests were conducted to analyze the data. The results indicate that capital expenditure and leverage do not have a significant impact on the relative value of the companies, while dividend policy has a positive and significant effect. These findings have important implications for investors in considering a company's dividend policy before making investments. For companies, the results serve as a reference to pay more attention to dividend policies in efforts to increase the relative value of the company.

Migration and remittances have long been recognized as critical components of rural development and poverty alleviation, particularly in developing countries. This study explores the impact of migration flows and remittance patterns on local economies, focusing on their role in poverty reduction, community resilience, and sustainable rural development. Migration, particularly rural-to-urban and international migration, brings significant financial flows in the form of remittances, which improve household welfare by supporting basic needs such as food, education, and healthcare. Moreover, these remittances often stimulate local investment, particularly in agriculture and small businesses, contributing to economic diversification in rural areas. However, the effectiveness of these financial transfers varies regionally, with some areas experiencing greater benefits than others due to differences in infrastructure, financial services, and migration policies. While remittances contribute to poverty reduction and socio-economic stability, they are often underutilized for long-term investments due to their primary use for consumption rather than productive projects. Government assistance programs, on the other hand, focus on structural poverty alleviation but often face challenges in terms of reach, effectiveness, and sustainability in rural areas. This study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at maximizing the impact of remittances, including reducing transaction costs, encouraging investment, and improving financial inclusion in rural communities. Additionally, it suggests further research into the role of migration policies in facilitating remittances and enhancing their developmental impact. The findings underscore the importance of integrating migration and remittance-focused strategies into national rural development plans to foster sustainable economic growth and reduce rural poverty.