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This paper is motivated by the condition of the Nurul Firdaus Mosque, which has long been neglected and has minimal religious activities other than Maghrib and Isha prayers. This phenomenon reflects the decline in the mosque's role as a center of worship and social and religious activities in the community. Mosques, which should be places for fostering the community, are instead only used to a limited extent, often even locked outside of Maghrib and Isha prayer times. This study aims to explore in depth the factors causing low congregation participation and find solutions in the form of innovative collaboration between mosque administrators and the younger generation, especially Generation Z, in managing the mosque in a modern and inclusive manner. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and documentation. Informants in this study consisted of religious leaders, community leaders, mosque administrators, mosque youth, and the general public living around the research location. The research focuses on examining social dynamics, communication patterns, and forms of participation between groups involved in mosque management. Anthony Giddens' structuration theory is used as an analytical tool to understand the relationship between structures (rules, norms, and practices of mosque management) and agents (mosque administrators and youth) in shaping social change towards more open, adaptive, and responsive mosque management to the needs of the times. The results of the study indicate that the alienation of the congregation towards the mosque is influenced by the lack of innovation in religious activities, the absence of an accommodating approach to the younger generation, and weak communication and coordination within the mosque management body itself.

This study analyzes the symbolic meaning of the 2025 Easter Parade in Kupang City using a symbolic interactionist approach, with a central focus on the cross as a primary symbol. The cross is not only understood as a sacred religious emblem but also as a medium of social communication whose meaning is dynamically constructed through interactions between parade participants, spectators, and particularly the actors portraying the figure of Jesus. These social interactions allow for the reinterpretation of the symbol’s meaning based on cultural contexts and participants' experiences.The findings reveal that deviant behavior exhibited by some actors portraying Jesus created a dissonance between the ideal meaning of Christ’s suffering and the actual performance displayed during the parade. This mismatch caused cognitive dissonance among viewers and had the potential to distort the intended spiritual message of the symbol. The incident underscores the importance of actors' awareness of the sacred nature of the symbol and the necessity for responsible and contextually appropriate representations in public rituals.The study also emphasizes that religious symbols are fluid and do not possess fixed or absolute meanings. Instead, they are subject to redefinition based on individual and collective experiences, cultural backgrounds, and public perceptions. Within the context of the Easter Parade, the cross becomes a performative medium that reflects the values, beliefs, and social dynamics of the diverse society in Kupang. This research employs a mixed-methods approach by integrating both quantitative and qualitative data to provide a more comprehensive understanding. Quantitative data offers general insights into audience perceptions of the symbolic performance, while qualitative data explores deeper layers of symbolic meaning and the sociocultural implications that arise. Overall, this study contributes to the discourse on religion, symbolism, and public ritual by highlighting the importance of intentionality, appropriate representation, and cultural sensitivity in maintaining the sacredness of religious symbols in dynamic and pluralistic public spaces

This article discussesthe social and cultural changes in the United States over time, with aspecial emphasis on the major changes that occurred from the 19th century to the modern era. There are a number of variables that have influenced social change in the United States, including the abolition of slavery, the civil rights movement, and the immigration process thathas resulted in a multicultural society. Influenced by a mix of European cultures, indigenous peoples, and immigrants from various parts of the world, the evolution of American culturehas produced a unique cultural wealth such as jazz, blues, and pop music. This transformation is also linked to changes in the economicand political spheres, which have impacted social structures, such as changes inlegislation and the expansion of individual rights. To describe the journeyand socio-cultural impact that reflects the complex and dynamic national identity of the United States, this article employs a qualitative literature review methodology. This article also examines the role of media and technology in accelerating and spreading socio-cultural change in American society.

Leadership is not just about being a leader within an organization. It requires effective communication strategies and approaches. However, leadership changes when there are weaknesses in implementing communication methods with the team. Internal conflict, pressure from leaders, leadership style, and a leader's personality in facing challenges and problems are all factors. The purpose of this study is to deeply understand the relationship between leadership, emotional intelligence, and performance in an organizational context through a qualitative approach. The research method is derived from references in books and journals related to the topic under study. This study explores how leadership styles, interact with dimensions of emotional intelligence, including self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, intrinsic motivation, and social skills, to influence individual and team performance. The study found that leaders with high emotional intelligence tend to implement an adaptive and inclusive leadership approach, create a conducive work climate, strengthen trust, and increase member engagement and productivity. The findings also reveal that emotional intelligence is not merely a supporting competency but also functions as a critical moderator of leadership effectiveness in achieving performance. This research provides theoretical contributions by enriching a holistic understanding of the psychosocial dynamics of leadership, as well as practical implications for the development of emotional intelligence-based leadership training programs through detailed quantitative and object-based research.

Family businesses are a crucial pillar of the economy, contributing significantly to job creation and economic growth. However, the sustainability of family businesses often faces challenges, particularly during the succession process, when the next generation is prepared to take over leadership. The primary issue that arises is how the heir prepares to continue the family business, considering that this process involves not only technical skills but also psychological aspects and social learning. Therefore, this study focuses on the life experiences of a family business heir in developing readiness through social interactions and learning processes within the family environment. This study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Subjects were selected through purposive sampling, with the criterion of having undergone a business learning process for more than ten years within the family environment. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, allowing researchers to explore the heir's subjective experiences in detail. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The study identified five main themes influencing the heir's readiness. First, the role of the father as the primary mentor in instilling values, work ethic, and business skills. Second, the role of the mother as an emotional supporter and instilling the values ​​of patience and perseverance. Third, the dynamics of the subject's experiences, involving both challenges and successes in the business learning process. Fourth, the process of developing an entrepreneurial mindset, which is formed through early habits. Fifth, the subject's development as a more emotionally, professionally, and socially mature heir. In conclusion, the readiness of a family business heir is formed through a combination of life experiences, social learning within the family, and the role of parents as role models.

This study aims to analyze land cover changes in Pariaman City in 2013, 2018, and 2024 using Landsat-8 imagery with the support of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and the Classification and Regression Trees (CART) algorithm. Land cover change is a critical issue in Pariaman City, as population growth, infrastructure development, and economic activities have driven significant land conversion. The classification generated eight land cover classes representing the general condition of the area. The analysis revealed that rice fields were the dominant land cover in all three periods; however, they experienced a substantial decline, indicating land conversion, particularly into settlements and road networks. In addition, the area of mangrove forests and water bodies in coastal regions decreased, while plantation areas in the eastern and southern parts of the city increased. Conversely, river land cover remained the smallest category, with annual fluctuations. The identified change patterns included urban sprawl (expansion of settlements into suburban areas), the conversion of productive land into infrastructure, and coastal degradation due to human activities and natural factors. The accuracy assessment produced overall accuracy and a Kappa index above 80%, while validation using the Mapping Accuracy method through Google Earth showed per-class accuracy rates above 75%, categorized as very good. These findings indicate that the use of satellite imagery and the CART algorithm in GEE is effective for monitoring land cover dynamics while providing valuable insights for local governments in formulating sustainable development policies and managing coastal environments such as those in Pariaman City.

This study aims to integrate the Grounded Theory approach with James Spradley’s ethnographic method in hadith studies to understand the contextual meaning of hadiths within the social life of the community. The background of this research lies in the limitations of the classical hadith approach, which tends to focus only on textual aspects (sanad and matn) while lacking exploration of the underlying social and cultural meanings. Using a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach, the primary data are sourced from hadith collections such as Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, while the secondary data consist of literature on qualitative methodology, ethnography, and Grounded Theory. Data collection techniques were conducted through library research and analyzed using Spradley’s nine steps of ethnographic analysis, including domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and theme analysis. The results indicate that the integration of these approaches enables the construction of thematic categories from hadiths based on the social experiences of the Muslim community and generates substantive theories relevant to the dynamics of Muslim social life. This approach not only broadens the understanding of hadith texts but also emphasizes the importance of viewing hadiths as social constructions embedded within Islamic culture.

Reservoir heterogeneity has long been recognized as a critical factor influencing the efficiency of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. Among the techniques applied, cyclic waterflooding is considered one of the promising approaches due to its relatively simple operational design and potential to improve sweep efficiency. This method involves alternating water injection in specific cycles to mobilize trapped oil and redistribute reservoir pressure. However, the variation in geological properties such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation creates challenges in achieving uniform displacement, especially in reservoirs with high heterogeneity. Understanding the role of heterogeneity is therefore crucial for optimizing cyclic waterflooding applications. This study applies a literature review approach by synthesizing findings from previous experimental and field studies that evaluated cyclic waterflooding under different reservoir conditions. The analysis compares the performance of cyclic water injection periods across reservoirs characterized by varying levels of heterogeneity. Parameters such as injection rate, water breakthrough time, and oil recovery factor were considered in evaluating the effectiveness of this method. The results highlight that reservoirs with high heterogeneity often experience uneven fluid distribution, leading to early water breakthrough and reduced oil recovery. In contrast, reservoirs with relatively low heterogeneity tend to respond better to cyclic waterflooding, resulting in improved sweep efficiency and higher incremental recovery. Moreover, the optimization of cycle timing and water injection intervals appears to significantly mitigate the negative effects of heterogeneity. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that reservoir heterogeneity plays a decisive role in determining the success of cyclic waterflooding. Tailoring injection strategies based on geological variability is essential to maximize recovery efficiency. Future research should focus on integrating advanced reservoir characterization techniques with adaptive cyclic flooding models to further enhance oil production outcomes.

Cassava tapai is a traditional Indonesian food product produced through the fermentation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) with the help of microorganisms, particularly the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This product not only has cultural and economic value but also contains bioactive compounds with health benefits, such as probiotics and fermentation metabolites. However, the quality of cassava tapai is significantly influenced by process factors, particularly incubation time. This study aimed to analyze microbial growth and changes in the chemical properties of cassava tapai with varying fermentation times. The study was conducted using an experimental design with fermentation times of 24, 48, and 72 hours at room temperature. The main parameters observed included the number of microbial colonies (cfu/g), pH changes, and alcohol content produced during the fermentation process. The results showed that microbial growth increased significantly, peaking at 48 hours, with the highest colony count compared to other treatments. After 72 hours, the number of colonies decreased, likely due to ethanol accumulation and decreased substrate availability, which reduced microbial activity. The pH value tended to decrease with increasing fermentation time, reflecting the formation of organic acids during the process. Meanwhile, the alcohol content showed an increasing trend from the beginning to the end of fermentation, although the growth rate was relatively slower at 72 hours. These findings confirm that varying incubation length significantly influences microbial dynamics and chemical changes in cassava tapai. The optimal fermentation time is around 48 hours, as this is the phase where the balance between microbial growth, alcohol formation, and sensory characteristics is maintained. The results of this study can serve as a basis for developing standards for cassava tapai production at both household and industrial scales, while also strengthening efforts to preserve traditional foods with a modern scientific approach.

Digital transformation in education demands a fundamental shift in the role of teachers from traditional instructors to modern learning facilitators who are adaptive, creative, innovative, and responsive to the latest technological developments. This research aims to explore in depth the multidimensional role of economics teachers in optimizing visual learning media to increase students' interest in learning in the digital era, especially at SMAN 1 Lewolema in the 2024/2025 academic year. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study involved one economics teacher and 23 students of class X through observation, interviews, and comprehensive documentation. The results show that teachers play the role of innovative learning designers, interactive facilitators who encourage active participation, motivators who arouse the spirit of learning, and innovators who make effective use of visual media. The integration of visual learning media is carried out with a contextual and interactive approach, so that it is able to transform the student learning experience holistically. The positive impacts identified include an increase in the affective dimension through a sense of pleasure, a cognitive dimension through a better understanding of the material, and a conative dimension through increased focus, interest, and motivation of students to learn. However, the implementation of the use of visual learning media cannot be separated from various challenges. Obstacles that arise include the limitations of technology infrastructure in schools, the gap in teachers' digital competencies, and the diversity of students' psychological characteristics that affect acceptance of new methods. This research makes a theoretical contribution to understanding the dynamics of educational technology integration in Indonesia, as well as offering a practical blueprint for schools with limited resources.

This article examines the economic defense reforms implemented by China under Xi Jinping's leadership through a literature review. This research aims to examine the key strategies employed by the Chinese government to strengthen its economic resilience amidst global pressures, such as the trade war with the United States, the COVID-19 pandemic, and escalating geopolitical rivalries. The findings indicate that Xi Jinping prioritizes a dual-circulation strategy, namely strengthening domestic consumption while maintaining connectivity with international markets, as a crucial step in addressing global uncertainty. Furthermore, the Made in China 2025 policy serves as a key pillar for promoting technological independence, reducing dependence on imports, and enhancing the competitiveness of domestic industries in strategic sectors such as information technology, renewable energy, and artificial intelligence. Furthermore, through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China seeks to expand its economic influence globally, open new markets, and transfer excess domestic industrial capacity to partner countries. These reforms are not solely oriented toward economic aspects but are also closely linked to political and national security interests. This strategy demonstrates China's systematic efforts to build economic resilience integrated with geopolitical interests, using the economy as an instrument of both soft and hard power. This study demonstrates that Xi Jinping's economic defense reforms are not merely a short-term response to the global crisis, but rather part of a long-term vision to establish China as a dominant global power. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding China's economic strategy holistically, as these reforms, in addition to significantly influencing domestic dynamics, also have significant implications for the future global economic and political order.

This study analyzes Kompas.com’s news coverage of the Papua conflict and human rights issues during the 2024 Presidential Debate to examine media neutrality through Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) integrated with Teun A. Van Dijk’s model. The analysis covers three dimensions: micro (text), meso (discursive practice), and macro (social practice), using a qualitative descriptive method. Data from 21 news excerpts reveal that social and political contexts are clearly represented, focusing on the strategies of the three presidential candidates in addressing human rights and conflict issues in Papua. The findings highlight the importance of realizing the Papua-related commitments made during the debate by the elected president, given the rising trend of violence and the unresolved justice issues in the region. The study demonstrates that media coverage, even by a leading news outlet such as Kompas.com, carries the potential to influence public perception regarding sensitive political and social issues. At the micro level, the language and lexical choices in the news articles often convey subtle ideological positions, including the framing of human rights violations and conflict events, which may reflect both explicit and implicit biases. At the meso level, discursive practices, including editorial decisions, headline constructions, and sourcing patterns, contribute to the shaping of narratives, highlighting certain aspects of the candidates’ statements while minimizing others. Meanwhile, at the macro level, the broader societal and political context, including historical grievances, regional tensions, and national political dynamics, provides the backdrop against which news coverage is produced and consumed, indicating the complex interplay between 

This study investigates the use of lexical hedges by male and female characters in the animated film “Tinker Bell” (2008), focusing on differences in variation and communicative functions based on gender. The analysis employs Lakoff’s theory of women’s language and Holmes' framework of language functions. A qualitative descriptive method was used, with data collected through documentation and audio-visual observation from the film’s transcript. The results also indicate that although both genders employ lexical hedges, female characters tend to demonstrate a broader range of forms and functions. The findings highlight how hedges not only reflect gendered communication styles but also contribute to character development and narrative flow within the film. This study contributes to understanding gendered communication patterns in animated media and how they reflect broader sociolinguistic dynamics.

This study aims to explore expressive illocutionary acts in the film The Perks of Being a Wallflower, focusing on the types and functions that appear in the interactions between the characters. Expressive illocutionary acts, as part of pragmatic studies, play an important role in representing emotions, attitudes, and social relationships between speakers. This study was conducted to identify in detail twelve types of expressive illocutionary acts and their four accompanying functions, thereby providing a deeper understanding of the dynamics of communication in the film. This study uses a qualitative approach with documentation and observation methods of the film's dialogue. Data analysis was carried out through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, to obtain a systematic picture of the pattern of expressive illocutionary acts. The results show that all twelve types of expressive illocutionary acts are found in the film, with the expression "thank you" as the most dominant form. This reflects the film's main theme, which emphasizes the value of friendship, emotional support, and gratitude between characters. In contrast, the expression "regret" is the least used type. 

This study aims to analyze the influence of Profitability, Liquidity, Leverage, Opinion Shopping, and Public Accounting Firm (KAP) Size on Going Concern Audit Opinion in property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020–2024 period. The audit opinion going concern is an important issue because it reflects the company's ability to maintain its business continuity in the midst of economic uncertainty and increasingly complex market dynamics. The research population includes all companies in the property and real estate sectors on the IDX, with sample selection using purposive sampling techniques that resulted in 60 companies as the object of the study. The collected data was analyzed using the logistic regression method to test the influence of each independent variable on the audit opinion going concern. The results of the study show that profitability has a negative and significant effect on the audit opinion of going concern, which means that the higher the level of profitability of the company, the less likely the auditor to give an audit opinion of going concern. Furthermore, Opinion Shopping has been proven to have a positive and significant effect on going concern audit opinions, so that the practice of seeking alternative auditor opinions has the potential to increase the risk of issuing going concern opinions. Meanwhile, the variables Liquidity, Leverage, and KAP Size did not show a significant influence on the audit opinion going concern. These findings confirm that certain financial performance factors as well as management behavior in seeking auditor opinions have an important role in determining audit opinion going concern, while other factors such as the size of the KAP are not necessarily determinative.

The shift towards flexible working arrangements (FWA), especially in the context of remote work or work-from-home (WFH) settings, has prompted organizations to rethink how flexibility impacts employee performance. While FWA offers potential benefits such as improved work-life balance and autonomy, it can also create challenges related to time management, coordination, and communication—particularly in the absence of adequate support from supervisors. This study addresses the problem of whether work flexibility alone is sufficient to enhance employee performance, or if perceived supervisor support (PSS) serves as a mediating factor in this relationship. The objective of this research is to investigate the role of PSS as a mediator between FWA and employee performance. A quantitative research method was employed, with data collected via structured questionnaires distributed to 35 employees working under flexible arrangements. The collected data were then analyzed using statistical techniques to assess both direct and indirect relationships among the variables. The findings indicate that while FWA does not directly improve employee performance, it significantly enhances employees’ perception of supervisor support. Furthermore, PSS was found to have a strong positive influence on performance outcomes. These results suggest that flexibility in work arrangements must be complemented by consistent and active supervisory engagement to yield positive effects on employee performance. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that PSS plays a critical mediating role in the FWA–performance link. Organizations seeking to implement or optimize flexible work policies should prioritize supervisor training and engagement strategies to ensure that flexibility translates into measurable performance improvements. Future research may explore these dynamics in larger populations and across different industries.

Banking is a key pillar of the financial system, playing a crucial role as an intermediary between those with excess funds and those in need of financing. In the context of post-pandemic economic recovery in the 2022–2024 period, bank sustainability and resilience, particularly in terms of profit-generating ability, are crucial aspects to consider. This study was conducted to analyze the extent to which capital structure and intermediation efficiency influence the profitability of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Capital structure in this study is proxied by the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), while intermediation efficiency is measured by the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). The profitability indicator used is Return on Assets (ROA), which reflects a bank's effectiveness in utilizing its assets to generate profits. This research methodology uses a quantitative approach through multiple linear regression analysis with secondary data in the form of annual financial reports from 111 banks for the 2022–2024 period. The analysis results show that simultaneously, CAR and LDR variables have a significant effect on ROA. Furthermore, both variables have been shown to contribute positively to increasing bank profitability. In other words, maintaining adequate capital and efficient credit management can strengthen overall financial performance. This finding offers strategic implications for bank management in formulating capital and liquidity management policies. Optimizing these two aspects not only impacts short-term profit achievement but also contributes to the stability and sustainability of banking profitability in the long term. Therefore, banks need to ensure a strong capital strategy coupled with efficient intermediation to be more resilient in facing future economic dynamics.

This study aims to analyze the adaptation strategies of Ananda Sehat Karangsono Clinic in facing the competition in healthcare services in the era of the National Health Insurance (JKN). The background of this research is based on the increasingly fierce competition between healthcare facilities, both clinics and hospitals, in providing fast, efficient, and quality services according to JKN standards. The presence of the JKN program, which demands integrated, transparent, and technology-based services, encourages clinics to innovate to remain competitive and maintain operational sustainability. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies. Research informants included clinic leaders, healthcare workers, and administrative staff, thus providing a comprehensive perspective on the implemented adaptation strategies. The results show that Ananda Sehat Karangsono Clinic has integrated digital technologies, such as the Mobile JKN application and WhatsApp, to speed up the registration process, verify patient data, and facilitate communication. This innovation can improve the efficiency of service flows, reduce queues, and create a better service experience for patients. In addition, the clinic emphasizes the importance of patient satisfaction by improving service quality, speed, and friendliness of healthcare workers and support staff. The adaptation strategy implemented was not limited to technological aspects, but also encompassed operational efficiency and humanistic interpersonal services. Overall, the clinic's adaptation strategy was flexible and holistic, encompassing digitalization, strengthening internal management, and developing positive patient relationships. These findings confirm that the clinic was able to maintain competitiveness and service sustainability amidst the dynamics of the National Health Insurance (JKN) and the digitalization of the healthcare system.  

This study examines the influence of product quality, service quality, and word of mouth on purchase decisions at DNA Spot Café Surakarta, based on 100 randomly selected respondents. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that service quality and word of mouth have a positive and significant effect, while product quality is not significant. The coefficient of determination of 61.3% indicates that the independent variables explain most of the variation in purchase decisions, contributing to marketing management research in the café industry. The results highlight the crucial role of service quality in shaping customer perceptions and driving decision-making in the café industry. High-quality service fosters positive customer experiences, which, in turn, encourage repeat visits and enhance loyalty. Additionally, the significant influence of word of mouth underscores the importance of social interactions and customer recommendations in the decision-making process, especially in a service-based business like a café, where personal experiences are often shared and valued among peer groups. Conversely, the insignificance of product quality suggests that while product standards are important, they may not be the primary driver of purchase decisions at DNA Spot Café. This indicates that customers may prioritize the overall experience, atmosphere, and peer recommendations over product differentiation when choosing where to dine or spend leisure time. These findings contribute to the body of marketing management research, particularly in the context of the café industry, by emphasizing the strategic importance of service excellence and customer engagement strategies to enhance brand reputation and influence consumer behavior. Future research could explore additional factors such as pricing, promotional strategies, and customer loyalty programs to provide a more comprehensive understanding of purchase decision dynamics.

This study aims to determine the village government's efforts to encourage community participation in development in Mario Village, Tanasitolo District, Wajo Regency, and to identify inhibiting and influencing factors in the implementation of these efforts. Community participation is considered a crucial element in sustainable village development, as without active involvement from residents, development programs are difficult to achieve optimal results. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. This approach allows the researcher to capture in-depth insights and perspectives directly from the community and village officials. This method allows the data obtained to more comprehensively describe the dynamics of community participation and the strategies implemented by the village government. The results show that the village government has implemented various efforts to encourage community participation, including through village deliberations, mutual cooperation activities, and community service. Community involvement was encouraged through collective decision-making and shared responsibilities in development programs. These efforts have generally had a positive impact on community involvement. However, the study also found inhibiting factors, particularly the community's economic limitations that affect their ability to participate in development. Furthermore, some residents still face challenges in terms of awareness and understanding of the importance of active participation. Therefore, more inclusive strategies oriented towards the socio-economic conditions of the local community are needed. Inclusive policies and adaptive strategies are essential to fostering sustainable rural development. This research is expected to serve as a reference for village governments and other stakeholders in formulating more effective policies, so that village development can proceed effectively, sustainably, and truly benefit all levels of society.