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This research aims to find out the influence of visual media on the learning activity of Christian religious education students in class V at SD Negeri 10 Hutagalung for the 2022/2023 academic year. This research uses quantitative descriptive statistical methods, with a population of 30 people and a sample of 30 people. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire instrument of 30 items, namely 17 items for variable X and 13 for variable Y which was tested on 30 students who were not research respondents. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence of visual media on the learning activity of class V Christian religious education students at SD Negeri 10 Hutagalung, Harian District, Samosir Regency for the 2022/2023 Academic Year: a) the positive relationship test is obtained from (r_xy) = 0.748 > r_ (table (α=0.05,n=30))= 0.361. b. Testing a significant relationship obtained a t_(calculated) value of 5.978, it is known that t_(table) in α=0.05 n-2=30-2=28 is 1.701. 2) Influence test: Regression equation test Y ̂= 13.40+ 0.50x. b) Regression determination test (r^2)= 55.9%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test, obtained f_count > f_(table ) namely 35.04 > 4.24. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the team quiz type active learning model on students' learning motivation in the Christian Religious Education and Character Education subjects in class The research method used is a quantitative method, pre-experimental design type one shot case study. The population is all students of class Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 52 items, namely 24 items for variable SMA Negeri 1 Uluan, Toba Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained a value of rxy = 0.596 > rtable(a=0.05,n=35) = 0.334. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained tcount= 4.267 > ttable(a=0.05, dk=n-2=33)= 2.042. 2) Test the effect: a) Test the regression equation, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="41.27"+0.66X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 35.6%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(a=0.05, dk numerator k=20, dk denominator=n-2=35-2=33) namely 18.21 > 1.62. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

The aim of this research is to determine the difference in learning motivation of students who are taught using the snowball throwing learning model and those who are not taught using the Snowball Throwing learning model at SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 academic year. The method used in this research is a quantitative research method with a pre-experimental design research type in the form of a one-group-pretest-posttest design. The population was all class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon, totaling 188 people and the researchers determined a sample of 32 people using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 27 items. Research data for the questionnaire was analyzed using the related sample formula. From the calculation results, the tcount value = -29.052<ttable 2.039 with a 2-party test (α/2=0.05/2=0.025)= 2.039. The tcount value is in the curve area of ​​rejection of H0 and acceptance of H1. Thus, it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted, namely that there is a difference in the learning motivation of students who are taught using the snowball throwing learning model and those who are not taught using the Snowball Throwing learning model at SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 academic year. The difference in learning motivation for Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of Class VIII Students at SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 Academic Year can be seen from the average scores of X1 = 77.0 and X2 = 88.3.

The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of exemplary Christian Religious Education teachers on the character of students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Pollung for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the example of Christian Religious Education teachers on the character of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 4 Pollung for the 2023/2024 academic year. Descriptive quantitative research method. The population of all class VIII students at SMP Negeri 4 Pollung for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians is 102 people. Sampling was taken using Random Sampling technique (randomly) of 40% of the total population, namely 40 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: 1) regression equation. 2) The determination test revealed that the influence was 37.09%. 3) Testing the hypothesis obtained tcount=4.748>ttable=2.021, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, namely that there is a positive and significant influence between the example of Christian Religious Education teachers on the character of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 4 Pollung for the 2023/2024 academic year.

The research aims to find out how much influence parental guidance has on the moral formation of Christian teenagers aged 13-17 years in Hutagurgur village, Doloksanggul district. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between parental guidance on the moral formation of Christian teenagers aged 13-17 years in the Hutagurgur village environment, Doloksanggul District in 2023. This research is a regression research using Inferential Statistics techniques. The total population of Christian teenagers aged 13-17 years in Hutagurgur village, Doloksanggul district in 2023 will be 150 people. Random sampling was taken, namely 35% of the total population, namely 53 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of the analysis requirements obtained values ​​rxy = 0.669> rtable = 0.270 and tcount = 6.428> ttable = 2.021 showing that there is a relationship between parental guidance and the moral formation of Christian teenagers aged 13-17 years and obtained a regression equation. Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=41.135>Ftable=1.92 so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between parental guidance on the moral formation of Christian teenagers aged 13-17 years in Hutagurgur village, Doloksanggul district in 2023, amounting to 44.76%.

The aim of this research is to find out how much positive and significant influence teacher reinforcement has on the learning motivation of students at SMP Negeri 4 Laguboti, Toba Regency, T.A 2023/2024. The research method used is descriptive and inferential quantitative methods. The population is all students in class VIII at SMP N 4 Laguboti, 2023/2024 academic year as many as 159 people and a sample of 33 people was determined using a probability sampling technique with a random type (simple random sampling). Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 38 items, namely 14 items for variable 2024: 1) Test analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained by rxy = 0.483 > rtable(a=0.05,n=33) = 0.344. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained tcount= 3.072 > ttable(a=0.05,dk=n-2=31)= 2.042. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y=39.70+0.89X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 23.3%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(a=0.05, dk numerator k=12, dk denominator=n-2=33-2=31) namely 9.43 > 2.09. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. It can be concluded that maximum teacher reinforcement can increase students' learning motivation in Christian religious education and character subjects at SMP Negeri 4 Laguboti, Toba Regency T.A. 2023/2024

The purpose of this research is to determine whether there is an improvement in the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for students who are taught using visual PowerPoint learning media compared to those taught without visual PowerPoint learning media in class IX at SMP Negeri 2 Nainggolan for the academic year 2023/2024. This research employed an experimental method, specifically the Posttest-Only Control design. The population consisted of all ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Nainggolan who were Protestant Christians for the academic year 2023/2024, totaling 85 students. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, with the condition that the experimental learning material was taught in these classes. Class IX-1, with 30 students, was designated as the experimental group, while class IX-2, also with 30 students, served as the control group. The research instrument comprised a 40-item test. The t-test used was the Separated Variance t-test, in accordance with the analysis requirements, where n1 = n2, and the variances of both sample groups were homogenous. The results of the hypothesis testing showed that the calculated t-value was 16.39, which was greater than the critical t-value (α = 0.05; df = n1 + n2 - 2 = 58) = 1.671. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted. This research concludes that the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for students who were taught using visual PowerPoint learning media are higher than those taught without visual PowerPoint learning media in class IX at SMP Negeri 2 Nainggolan for the academic year 2023/2024.

This research aims to determine the implementation and effectiveness of Christian Counseling Guidance provided by Effective Christian Religious Education and Character Teachers in Increasing the Learning Motivation of Class This research uses a semi-case study type of research and uses as informants eight students from broken home backgrounds and Christian Religious Education and Character Teachers. The results of this research show that the process of implementing Christian counseling guidance by PAK teachers starts from: service (attending), empathy, giving advice/encouragement, the final stage provides reinforcement and closes with prayer. Christian counseling guidance is considered effective in increasing the learning motivation of students from broken home backgrounds, this is assessed based on the results of the presentation of the students themselves and the Christian Religious Education and Character Education teachers. Changes in students' motivation began to appear after participating in Christian counseling activities, changes in students' motivation, who previously often daydreamed and did not pay attention to the learning process, are now starting to be enthusiastic about learning, starting to show interest in learning by studying more actively, doing homework/assignments, students who have feelings of worry and fear begins to disappear, they don't give up easily, they are happier and more confident in doing things (independently) and students have a commitment to achieving their goals and hopes in the future.

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of external motivation by Christian religious education teachers on the learning attitudes of Class VII students at SMP N 1 Harian for the 2022/2023 academic year. The research method used is a quantitative method. The population is all 40 students of Class VII of SMP N 1 Harian. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 40 items, namely 20 items for variable 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy = 0.608 > rtable(=0.05,n=40) = 0.312. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained tcount= 4.719 > ttable(=0.05, dk=n-2=38)= 2.021. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="13.29"+0.78X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 36.9%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=20, dk denominator=n-2=40-2=38) namely 22.26 > 1.51. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

The purpose of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the use of learning videos on interest in studying Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Balige T.P 2023/2024. The method used in this research is a quantitative method, with a one shot case study experimental approach. The population was all class Data was collected using observation and a questionnaire totaling 48 items, namely 22 items for variable Negeri 1 Balige T.P 2023/2024: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy = 0.549 > rtable(=0.05,n=36) = 0.329. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained a value of tcount= 3.827 > ttable(=0.05,dk=n-2=34)= 2.042. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="23.97"+0.88X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 30.1%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=22, dk denominator=n-2=36-2=34) namely 14.65 > 1.62. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

The aim of this research is to find out whether there is a positive and significant influence of the Group Investigation learning model on the learning motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Lintongnihuta Humbang Hasundutan Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. The method used in this research is quantitative. The population is all 191 students of class VIII of SMP Negeri 3 Lintongnihuta for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Christians and the research sample was determined to be 48 people, namely 25% of the total population. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire with 38 items, of which 20 questionnaire items were for variable X and 18 questionnaire items for variable Y which were compiled by the author based on variable indicators according to expert theory. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence of the Group Investigation learning model on the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Lintongnihuta, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) test the relationship The positive value obtained is rxy = 0.537 > rtable(=0.05,n=48) = 0.284, thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable (=0.05,dk=n-2=46)= 2.021, thus there is a significant relationship between variable ,"54"+0.46X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 28.9%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=24, dk denominator=n-2=48-2=46) namely 18.65 > 1.51. Thus, the research hypothesis which states that there is a positive and significant influence of the Group Investigation Learning Model on the Learning Motivation of Christian Religious Education and Character of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 3 Lintongnihuta, Humbang Hasundutan Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year is accepted.

This research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the implementation of the outdoor study method on the learning outcomes of Christian religious education and character education for class X odd semester students at SMA Negeri 1 Tampahan for the 2023/2024 academic year. The hypothesis of this research is that there is a positive and significant influence from the implementation of the outdoor study method on the learning outcomes of Christian religious education and character education for class X odd semester students at SMA Negeri 1 Tampahan for the 2023/2024 academic year.  This research uses quantitative research methods with descriptive statistics. The population of this study was 40 people so it is called population research. The instruments in this research were a closed questionnaire for variable X and a multiple choice written test for variable Y. There is a positive and significant influence of the implementation of the outdoor study method on the learning outcomes of Christian religious education and character education for class X odd semester students at SMA Negeri 1 Tampahan for the 2023/2024 academic year, namely rcount > rtable (0463>0.312), tcount > ttable (3.220 > 2.021), Y ̂="56.22"+0.38X, r2 = 21.4%. So the hypothesis test states that Ha is accepted, namely that there is a positive and significant influence of the implementation of the outdoor study method on the learning outcomes of Christian religious education and character education for class X odd semester students at SMA Negeri 1 Tampahan for the 2023/2024 academic year.

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the use of the Contextual Teaching and Learning Model on the Learning Motivation of Christian Religious Education in class VIII of SMP Negeri 3 Lintongnihuta, Humbang Hasundutan district, for the 2022/2023 academic year. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, with a population of all class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Lintongnihuta for the 2022/2023 academic year, totaling 191 people and a sample of 48 people, which is 25% of the total population. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire of 37 items, of which 19 questionnaire items were for variable X and 18 questionnaire items were for variable Y which were compiled by the author based on variable indicators according to expert theory. 1) Results of data analysis: a) positive relationship test obtained by the value rxy = 0.585 > rtable(a=0.05,n=48) = 0.284, thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. b) Test The significant relationship obtained is the value tcount= 4.889 > ttable(a=0.05,dk=n-2=46)= 2.021, thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) Test the influence: a) Test the regression equation , the regression equation Y ̂="31","45"+0.45X is obtained. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 34.2%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(a=0.05, dk numerator k=22, dk denominator=n-2=48-2=46) namely 23.84 > 1.51. Thus, the research hypothesis which states that there is a positive and significant influence of the use of the Contextual Teaching and Learning Model on the Learning Motivation of Christian Religious Education of Class VIII Students at SMP Negeri 3 Lintongnihuta, Humbang Hasundutan Regency for the 2022/2023 Academic Year is accepted.

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of using group work methods on the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for class VIII odd semester students at SMP Negeri 4 Balige for the 2023/2024 academic year. The method used in this research uses quantitative methods with descriptive and inferential approaches. The population is all class VIII odd semester students at SMP Negeri 4 Balige for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians totaling 208 people and the sample was determined to be 42 people, namely 20% of the total population. Data was collected using positive closed items with 23 questionnaire items for variable odd semester at SMP Negeri 4 Balige Academic Year 2023/2024: 1) Test analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained value rxy = 0.460 > rtable(a=0.05,n=42) = 0.304 thus it is known that there is positive relationship between variable variable Y. c) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 21.2%. 2) Influence test: Regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="58.20"+0.41X. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of Christian Religious Education teacher guidance on the morale of class X students at SMK Negeri 1 Palipi for the 2022/2023 academic year. The research method used is a quantitative research method. The population is all 122 class Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 55 items, namely 22 items for variable /2023: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy = 0.587 > rtable(=0.05,n=40) = 0.312. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained tcount= 4.474 > ttable(=0.05, dk=n-2=38)= 2.021. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 34.5%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=21, dk denominator=n-2=40-2=38) namely 19.98 > 1.51. Thus, Ha, namely that there is a positive and significant influence of Christian Religious Education teacher guidance on the morale of class

The aim of this research is to prove the significant influence of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Learning Strategy on the Learning Outcomes of Class VIII Christian Religious Education and Character Education Students at SMP N 1 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. The method used in this research is a quantitative experimental method. The population was all students in class VIII of SMP N 1 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 157 people and a sample of 32 people were determined who were chosen deliberately (purposive sampling). Data was collected with 30 test items. The results of data analysis show that the learning outcomes of students taught with the Contextual teaching and Learning (CTL) Learning Strategy are higher than the Learning Outcomes of students taught with Conventional Strategies in Christian Religious Education and Character Education Subjects Class VIII SMP N 1 Tarutung Academic Year 2023/ 2024. Data analysis using the t test obtained a tcount value = 2.414 while the ttable value for error was 5% and n1 + n2 – 2 = 62, namely 1.998. So the ratio obtained is tcount > ttable, namely 2.414 > 1.998. Thus H0 is rejected, because H0 is rejected then H1 is accepted.

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the Group Investigation Type Cooperative Learning Model on the active learning of Christian Religious Education of class IX students of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research method used is a descriptive quantitative research method, with inferential statistical data analysis. The population is all class IX students at SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year who are Christians totaling 103 people and a sample of 52 people was determined, namely 50% of the total population using random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 44 items, namely 28 items for variable X and 16 items for variable Y which were compiled by the author based on variable indicators according to expert theory. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence of the Cooperative Learning Model of the Group Investigation type on the active learning of Christian Religious Education of Class IX students of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) test a positive relationship The value obtained is rxy = 0.552 > rtable(a=0.05,n=52) = 0.297, thus there is a positive relationship between variable .05,dk=n-2=50)= 2,000, thus there is a significant relationship between variable .35X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 30.4%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(a=0.05, dk numerator k=24, dk denominator=n-2=52-2=50) namely 21.72 > 1.39. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

The aim of this research is to determine the role of knowledge played by Christian Religious Education teachers as mentors in efforts to overcome students' learning difficulties in class VIII of SMP Negeri 2 Muara for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research hypothesis is that the role of Christian Religious Education teachers as mentors in efforts to overcome the learning difficulties of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 2 Muara for the 2023/2024 academic year is > 75% of what was expected. The population is all students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 2 Muara for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians, totaling 102 people. The research sample was determined by random sampling at 35% from 102 people, namely 36 people. This research method is a descriptive quantitative inferential method with a research instrument using a questionnaire. Hypothesis testing using the t test formula obtained a value of tcount=10.576>ttable=2.042. The tcount value is in the curve area of ​​rejection of H0 and acceptance of Ha. Thus, it can be concluded that the accepted research hypothesis is that the role of Christian Religious Education teachers as mentors in efforts to overcome the learning difficulties of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 2 Muara Belajar in 2023/2024 is > 75% of the expected 84.84%. However, there are several teacher roles that must be improved, including: 1) The role of providing reinforcement in the form of enthusiasm, with a value of 3.22. 2) Role in helping students to make good friends with other friends, with a value of 3.08. 3) Role in providing feedback to students who are slow in learning, with a value of 3.19. 4) Role in using media or learning tools, with a value of 3.17. Some of these roles are in the good category and it is hoped that teachers will be able to achieve their achievements so that they become very good.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh media audiovisual terhadap minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Tapian Nauli Tahun Pembelajaran 2022/2023. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Tapian Nauli Tahun Pembelajaran 2022/2023 yang beragama Kristen berjumlah 53 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket tertutup sebanyak 40 item yaitu 16 item untuk variabel X dan 24 item untuk variabel Y. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan media audiovisual terhadap minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Tapian Nauli Tahun Pembelajaran 2022/2023. Berdasarkan uji hubungan yang positif diperoleh nilai rxy = 0,483 > rtabel(a=0,05,n=53) = 0,226 dengan demikian diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif antara variabel X dengan variabel Y. Uji hubungan yang signifikan diperoleh nilai thitung= 3,944 > ttabel(a=0,05,dk=n-2=51)= 2,000 dengan demikian terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel X dengan variabel Y. Uji koefisien determinasi regresi (r2) = 23,4%. Uji pengaruh: Uji persamaan regresi, diperoleh persamaan regresi  persamaan regresi ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam keadaan konstanta 36,73 maka untuk setiap penambahan Media Audiovisual maka minat belajar siswa akan meningkat sebesar 0,79. Dengan demikian Ha yaitu terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan media audiovisual terhadap minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Tapian Nauli Tahun Pembelajaran 2022/2023 diterima dan H0 ditolak.

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the use of visual media by PAK teachers on the learning motivation of class V students at SD Negeri 173210 Sigotom, Pangaribuan District, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2022/2023 Academic Year. The method in this research is a descriptive quantitative research method. The population is all class V students of SD Negeri 173210 Sigotom, Pangaribuan District, North Tapanuli Regency, 2022/2023 Academic Year, totaling 32 people. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 31 items, namely 15 items for variable North Tapanuli Regency 2022/2023 Academic Year: 1) Test analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy = 0.558 > rtable(a=0.05,n=32) = 0.349. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained tcount= 3.686 > ttable(a=0.05, dk=n-2=30)= 2.042. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="23.69"+0.61X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 31.2%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(a=0.05, dk numerator k=14, dk denominator=n-2=32-2=30) namely 13.59 > 2.01. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.