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This essay was written to investigate why, in spite of the policies that the Nigerian government has put in place, poverty rates are still high. The main obstacle that every accountable and responsive government must overcome is Regardless matter whether the government is a military dictatorship or a democracy, it must improve and give greater meaning to the lives of its citizens if it is to remain relevant and legitimate in the eyes of the governed. Since independence, every succeeding administration has implemented some kind of plan to lessen the suffering of the populace and make them happy.Prior to and during the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP), it was noted that the majority of these programs were supply-driven, meaning they were unable to address the needs of the impoverished and, as a result, had little impact on reducing poverty. In order to reach the target poor, various programs that were introduced after SAP adopted a demand-driven strategy. The purpose of this study are (i) to critically analyze the several programs, reforms, and policies aimed at reducing poverty that have been implemented by Nigerian governments in succession, as well as the factors that contributed to their success or failure. (ii). expresses profoundly helpful measures that, if properly applied, would help the country escape its current poverty trap and put it on the correct path for sustainable economic development rather than just the steady economic progress it has seen over the years.

Human resource management (HR) in the government sector, especially in the Public Works and Spatial Planning Agency (PUPR) of North Sumatra Province, has a crucial role in determining the effectiveness and efficiency of public services. However, HR management in government agencies still faces various challenges, such as complex bureaucracy, lack of innovation, and employee competency gaps. This study aims to analyze the challenges in HR management and the factors that influence employee performance in order to formulate strategies for optimizing HR management in the government sector. Using qualitative research methods, data were obtained through interviews, document studies, and literature reviews. The results of the study indicate that a rigid personnel system, lack of competency development, and a recruitment and promotion system that is not fully performance-based are the main factors that hinder the effectiveness of employee work. Therefore, reforms are needed in the HR management system, such as improving the recruitment, promotion, and rotation mechanisms of employees, strengthening competency development policies through adaptive training programs, and implementing a performance evaluation system based on objectivity and transparency. With this optimization strategy, it is hoped that employee performance at the PUPR Office of North Sumatra Province can improve, so that public services become more effective and professional.

Casework is a process used by humanitarian service agencies to assist individuals in addressing social functioning issues. This process includes several stages: engagement, assessment, planning, intervention, evaluation, and termination. This study examines the application of the casework method with a client named SM, a 30-year-old widow with two children facing economic and social limitations. Through interviews and observations using the BPSS (Bio, Psycho, Social, Spiritual) approach, the practitioner assessed the client’s condition, revealing that SM struggled with economic difficulties and challenges in providing adequate care for her children. In the intervention stage, SM was provided with a program to develop weaving skills, which led to the production of woven mats, curtains, and decorations. Monitoring was conducted to ensure that the client adhered to the program, ultimately increasing SM’s income to Rp 40,000 per day. In the termination stage, the cooperation between the practitioner and the client was concluded as the agreed-upon goals had been achieved. This study demonstrates that with the right approach, individuals facing social and economic limitations can develop their potential and improve their well-being.

This study aims to examine the communication strategies implemented in the Qur’an memorization (tahfidz) program at Al-Qur’an Ath-Thabraniyah Islamic Boarding School (Pesantren). The tahfidz program is a complex process that not only emphasizes the cognitive aspect of memorization but also involves deep emotional and spiritual approaches. Communication strategies serve as the main instrument in building understanding, creating acceptance, and motivating students (santri) to achieve their memorization targets. This research uses a qualitative approach with methods including observation, interviews, and documentation to obtain in-depth data. The findings reveal that tahfidz instructors apply communication strategies based on Pace and Faules’ theory, which consists of three main objectives: To Secure Understanding, To Establish Acceptance, and To Motivate Action. These strategies are applied through providing insight into the virtues of Qur’an memorizers, setting appropriate schedules for memorization activities, and delivering motivation through inspirational stories and the benefits of memorizing the Qur’an. The tasmi’ sessions, held regularly, also serve as a medium for evaluation and for strengthening the students’ spiritual and mental development. With effective communication strategies, the tahfidz guidance process becomes more efficient, thus enhancing students’ enthusiasm and discipline in memorizing the Qur’an optimally.

This article discusses the social guidance program carried out by adolescent victims of domestic violence with the aim of increasing their self-confidence at Putra Utama Children's Home 3. In empowering these adolescents, PSAA Putra Utama creates a social guidance program, in which there are various approaches, including daily assistance, positive reinforcement, individual counseling, and skills training. The type of approach in this research uses descriptive qualitative methods, with data collection through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation studies. The results of the study revealed that the social guidance program carried out by PSAA Putra Utama 3 can improve. increase adolescents' self-confidence, which is reflected in progress in social interaction, personal motivation, and life goal setting. The adolescents showed significant improvements in adaptability and living a better social life. However, another thing that must be improved is regarding the indicators of the success of empowerment, PSAA Putra Utama 3 has not fulfilled having specific indicators to systematically evaluate the program. This research provides an overall picture of the success of the program and shows the need for the development of evaluation indicators to ensure the empowerment program can be further optimized.  

This study was conducted to enrich the literature and scientific understanding of the phenomenon of poverty, especially in urban contexts such as Ambon City. The method applied in this study is Qualitative with in-depth interview techniques. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the Evaluation of Poor Family Protection Policy in Ambon City. shows that although the poor family protection policy in Ambon City provides benefits, there are obstacles in accessibility, coordination between agencies, and budget limitations that hinder program optimization. In addition, dependence on assistance and lack of community participation in policy planning are factors that inhibit its effectiveness. This study suggests improving the reporting and evaluation system, increasing coordination between agencies, and empowering the community to support the sustainability off the program.

Community Service Activities are one of the essential obligations that must be carried out by academic programs as part of implementing the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. PkM serves as a platform for lecturers to contribute meaningfully to improving community well-being. This activity aimed to provide education on evidence-based food types for cancer prevention to the residents of RT 08 RW 07, Tomang Subdistrict, Grogol Petamburan District, West Jakarta. The program was implemented through lectures, interactive discussions, and healthy menu simulations, supported by educational leaflets. The materials covered an overview of cancer, the role of nutrition in cancer prevention, recommended and avoidable foods, and practical tips on reading nutrition labels. Evaluation was conducted using pre-tests and post-tests to measure participants’ knowledge improvement. The results showed a significant increase in knowledge with an average N-Gain score of 67%, categorized as moderately effective. Furthermore, participants’ active engagement during discussions and simulations indicated high interest in the information delivered. This program demonstrates that evidence-based nutrition education, when communicated contextually and interactively, can serve as an effective promotive and preventive strategy in reducing cancer risk within the community.

Ponorogo is one of the areas where the majority of people like to consume tempe. Tempe is a local product dish that is favorite of the Ponorogo People. The village of Bangunrejo is one of the villages where many of its residents produce tempe, one of which is Mr. Aji's “Tempe Balap”. Tempe balap still maintains the quality of tempe with a leaf wrapping system, but thus the branding of Tempe Balap is not known by many people. The mentoring program carried out by the service team is aimed at helping the people of Bangunrejo Village in improving MSMEs and improving the quality of sales and competitiveness of the community. The method used is Environmental Scanning (ES) with a Thematic approach. The existence of ES as a management strategy so that it can optimize the potential possessed by partners. The intended partners in this program are Tempe MSMEs in Bangunrejo Village. The results of the mentoring carried out during this program show that the potential possessed by Tempe Balap can be optimized by introducing products massively to the public through the existing product growth up branding so that it has an impact on increasing purchases after the presence of branding labels in tempeh packaging. From this stage of service, strategic factors can emerge to develop the potential of local tempe products, as well as the results of monitoring and evaluation are able to bring out a significant development impact of the profits obtained by Tempe Balap MSMEs.

Supervision should be scheduled and programmed, and if conducted continuously, it can ensure that nursing care is delivered in accordance with nursing practice standards. According to data in Indonesia, the average supervision by ward heads is categorized as less than satisfactory at 49.3%, while only 50.7% is considered good. This indicates that ward heads in various hospital departments are perceived as less effective by nurses in implementing their leadership, particularly regarding supervision. A pre-survey revealed the absence of a scheduled supervision timetable, guidelines/SOPs for supervision, and documentation of supervision results. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of supervision at the surgical ward of Pringsewu Regional Public Hospital. Data collection methods, conducted on November 9, 2024, included interviews, questionnaires, and observations. The findings identified a nursing management issue: the suboptimal implementation of supervision at the surgical ward of Pringsewu Regional Public Hospital. The planned activities included socialization on the application of supervision, supervision flow, and optimal supervision techniques. The implementation of these activities took place on December 20, 2024, through the socialization of supervision practices. The evaluation results after the socialization in the surgical ward showed that supervision was being carried out effectively. The ward head, team leader, and five nurses recognized the critical importance of supervision in improving the quality of care in the surgical ward. It is expected that the ward head (supervisor) will conduct supervision according to the established schedule, guidelines, and job descriptions, thereby enhancing the quality of nursing care in the surgical ward to achieve optimal outcomes.

The National Health Insurance Program, the Healthy Indonesia Card, is increasingly being utilized by the community. Improving the quality of services is also the focus of the efforts made. However, these improvements are expected not to be fragmented in just one aspect of the service. The goal of service quality is to meet or even exceed community expectations. The purpose of this literature review is to review how to improve the quality of National Health Insurance services in public health facilities. The literature used in this study is by determining articles that meet the inclusion criteria. The database used is Google Scholar. The year of publication of the literature sources taken is the last 5 years between 2020 and 2025. The literature sources use English or Indonesian. The results of 5 articles obtained that to improve the quality of National Health Insurance (NHI) services in public health facilities, namely by providing access to services, completing infrastructure that is still lacking, implementing the Healthy Indonesia Card Health Insurance Program Policy, and increasing the professionalism of human resources. It can be concluded that improving the quality of National Health Insurance (NHI) services in public health facilities can also be done by building an ecosystem with integrity, utilizing technology to facilitate access to health services that can facilitate the community in utilizing health services. For the government, it is necessary to provide new policies to facilitate NHI participants in obtaining health services, strengthening cross-sector support, whether in the form of regulations, infrastructure, or funding. In addition, there is also a need for evaluation from various aspects in order to create good quality in the utilization of health services.

Scientific writing skills are essential for final-year students in completing academic assignments and enhancing their competitiveness in both academic and professional fields. However, many students face challenges in producing scientific papers that meet academic standards, particularly in terms of structure, language, and analysis. This study aims to improve students' scientific writing skills through structured training. The method used in this program is practice-based training with an interactive approach, including workshops, mentoring, and direct evaluation of participants' writing. The program targeted a group of 40 final-year students from various academic disciplines, who participated in a series of workshops and one-on-one mentoring sessions. Data were collected through pre- and post-training assessments of writing quality, including structure, coherence, and argumentation. The results indicate that after attending the training, students showed significant improvement in understanding the structure of scientific papers, mastering effective writing techniques, and developing data-based arguments. The post-training assessments showed an increase of 30% in the average quality of the students’ writing. The implications of this study suggest that scientific writing training can be an effective strategy in preparing competitive academic human resources capable of contributing to scientific publications. Additionally, these findings highlight the importance of providing structured and interactive training programs to enhance students’ academic writing skills.

The purpose of this community service activity is for participants to understand how to manage finances effectively and efficiently, especially after the pandemic. In this training, it is hoped that participants will gain knowledge on how to allocate company funds or capital to finance business line needs, ensuring that the company's budget is distributed to the right posts and used for various purposes that benefit the company. After this activity, it is expected that participants will be able to plan their finances effectively and efficiently. The target of this activity is the manager of Canting Batik Crafts in Padang Panjang, West Sumatra. The implementation method consists of three stages. The first stage is preparation, including a pre-survey, team formation, proposal preparation and submission, coordination between teams and partners, as well as preparation of training tools and materials. The second stage is the program implementation stage in the form of socialization through counseling (material presentation) and discussions. The third stage is the evaluation and reporting stage. The evaluation is conducted by comparing the conditions of partners before and after the program implementation using interview and observation methods. Afterward, a report is prepared for further socialization.

This service aims to identify factors that influence literacy and numeracy and evaluate the effectiveness of the literacy and numeracy improvement program in Nelela Village, SD N 173653. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with samples of students in grades 4, 5, and 6. Data were collected through literacy and numeracy tests, questionnaires, observations and interviews. The results of this service indicate that the average achievement of students in literacy and numeracy is still below the national standard, and the proportion of achieving the standard is still low. Factors such as limited resources, lack of teacher training and minimal parental support are cited as the main obstacles in improving literacy and numeracy skills. The literacy and numeracy improvement program implemented has succeeded in increasing the average student achievement, although there are still some obstacles that need to be overcome. The data shows that the average literacy and numeracy scores of students increased significantly after participating in this program. In addition, this service found that interactive learning methods and the use of educational technology have great potential to increase student interest and motivation. This service provides practical advice on improving literacy and numeracy in primary schools, including providing adequate learning resources, teacher training and development, using technology in learning and increasing parental involvement and support. By implementing these recommendations, it is hoped that the literacy and numeracy skills of students at SD N 173653 will improve significantly so that they are better prepared to face the next stage of education and academic challenges in everyday life.

Speaking anxiety among students is a common phenomenon that affects their academic performance and personal development. This study aims to explore the reasons behind students' fear of speaking in various educational settings. Using a literature review method, this research examines previous studies related to psychological, social, and educational factors contributing to students’ reluctance to speak. The findings indicate that speaking anxiety is primarily caused by fear of making mistakes, low self-confidence, and negative social evaluations from peers or teachers. Additionally, classroom environment, teaching methods, and cultural influences also play a significant role in shaping students' willingness to speak. The impact of this fear extends beyond academic performance, affecting students' participation, self-expression, and future communication skills. Several strategies have been identified to reduce speaking anxiety, including fostering a supportive learning environment, encouraging positive reinforcement, and implementing interactive teaching methods. Educators are encouraged to create a more inclusive atmosphere that minimizes students' fear of judgment and enhances their confidence in speaking. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on students' speaking anxiety by summarizing key factors and offering practical implications for teachers, educators, and policymakers. Future research could further explore intervention programs that effectively address students' fear of speaking in different cultural and educational contexts.  

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) is one of the preventive efforts in maintaining individual health, with washing hands with soap (CTPS) as one of its main aspects. Elementary school children are among the groups that are vulnerable to disease due to lack of awareness of cleanliness, so socialization is needed to increase their understanding of the importance of CTPS. This study aims to socialize PHBS and how to do CTPS to students of SD 7 Nisam, North Aceh, through interactive educational methods. The activities were carried out by presenting material using PowerPoint, interactive discussions, direct practice of the six steps of CTPS according to WHO standards, and evaluation through questionnaires before and after the activity. The results of the activity showed that the method applied succeeded in increasing students' understanding of the importance of washing hands with soap. Students were more enthusiastic in participating in activities when given an interesting approach that was appropriate for their age. In addition, the involvement of teachers and schools in providing supporting facilities contributed to the success of this program. With this socialization, it is hoped that students can apply the habit of washing their hands independently and consistently, both at school and at home, so that it can reduce the incidence of infectious diseases related to hand hygiene.

This Community Service Program aims to improve the quality of education in Pasar Melintang Village, Lubuk Pakam, North Sumatra, through the establishment of a Learning House. This initiative is designed to provide additional educational access for children and teenagers who face limitations in obtaining quality formal education. The program focuses on enhancing literacy and numeracy skills while providing academic support to help students better understand their school subjects. The methods used include an initial survey to identify educational needs, the implementation of structured learning activities, and the evaluation of the program's impact on student development. The results of the program show a significant improvement in reading and writing skills, as well as in understanding basic numeracy concepts. Additionally, this program contributes to raising community awareness about the importance of education. The presence of the Learning House is expected to have a long-term positive impact, preparing the younger generation in the village to face academic and social challenges in the future. Thus, this program not only provides direct benefits to the students but also creates a positive shift in the collective awareness of the community regarding the importance of education.

This study aims to analyze the budgeting process, factors that form the basis of budgeting and obstacles to the budget implementation and realization process at the Secretariat of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) of Jambi Province. The analytical tool used is qualitative descriptive research. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the budgeting process at the Secretariat of the Jambi Provincial DPRD follows the regional government budget cycle which consists of three main stages, namely budget preparation and determination, budget implementation, and APBD accountability reports. Budget preparation is carried out through coordination with the Executive Budget Team, then discussed with the DPRD before being ratified, while its implementation takes place after the APBD is approved, with accountability through semester and annual reports audited by BAWASDA and BPK to ensure transparency and accountability. Basic factors in budgeting include effectiveness, efficiency, and compliance with regulations. There are obstacles such as the incomplete discussion of the Draft Regional Regulation according to the Regional Legislation Program, changes in the number of Draft Regional Regulations that have an impact on activity planning, and low budget absorption due to external factors, such as changes in Central Government policies that complicate the preparation of the APBD. In addition, the lack of government assertiveness in enforcing policies and the suboptimal performance benchmarks complicate budget evaluation, so that improvements to the performance measurement system and better coordination between regional and central governments are needed.

This research aims to see the results of activities to increase employee capacity through the disaster safe hospital (RSAB) program at Kilisuci Regional Hospital, Kediri City. Hospital preparedness plans are very important in ensuring the safety of the hospital environment and the actions that need to be taken to ensure health services remain available during a disaster situation. Kilisuci Regional Hospital does not yet have a preparedness plan that is documented, tested, and involves the surrounding community to be ready to face disasters. The methods used in this community empowerment activity include pretest-posttest, lecture-discussion, direct training/practice, observation and evaluation methods. The research results show that Disaster Management at the Kilisuci Regional Hospital is very necessary considering that Kediri City has a variety of potential disasters and is in an area that has potential threats from floods, fires, the Covid-19 pandemic, Mount Kelud eruptions, traffic accidents and earthquakes. There was an increase in pretest and posttest results of 14.60 points. It is felt that activities to strengthen employee capacity through the Hospital Disaster Plan (HDP) program need to be developed further because hospitals need more preparedness capacity in facing disasters or emergency situations and can support during hospital accreditation.

The development of information and communication technology has brought significant changes in the world of education, encouraging educational institutions to adopt more innovative and relevant learning methods. This article discusses the implementation of Canva graphic design application training at Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah Pekanbaru, which aims to improve the creativity and digital skills of grade XII IPA students. This activity was carried out through an interactive theoretical and practical approach, allowing students to not only learn about graphic design, but also apply that knowledge in real projects. The results of the training showed high enthusiasm from students, as well as significant improvements in their technical abilities and creativity. Evaluation of student design work indicated that the hands-on learning method was effective in improving digital literacy. These findings provide important insights into the potential of technology in creating a dynamic and innovative learning environment, and can be a reference for other community service programs aimed at improving digital competence in education.

The misuse of the internet among teenagers has become a major concern in this digital era, particularly regarding the spread of hoax news and cyber law violations. Therefore, a socialization program on the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE) was conducted at SMAN 1 Wirosari to enhance students' legal awareness in utilizing digital technology. This activity involved 90 participants, consisting of OSIS administrators and Class Representative Council (MPK) members. Through interactive lectures, discussions, and case simulations, this socialization successfully improved participants' understanding of UU ITE and its impact on daily life. Evaluations showed that after this activity, students had a better grasp of the importance of critical thinking and responsible digital media usage