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This study examines the evolution of the notary supervision system in Indonesia, particularly the impact of Constitutional Court Decision No. 49/PUU-X/2012 which revoked Article 66 paragraph (1) of Law No. 30 of 2004 and the establishment of the Notary Honorary Council (MKN) through Law No. 2 of 2014. The study uses a normative juridical method with a case and statutory approach, supported by literature analysis and expert opinion. The results show that the Constitutional Court decision eliminated legal protection for notaries in facing arbitrary actions by law enforcement officers, creating inequality with other professions such as advocates and doctors. Although the Regional Supervisory Council (MPD) still exists institutionally, the authority to grant approval for summoning notaries has been lost. In response, the government established the MKN which combines elements of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights with the Indonesian Notaries Association. International comparisons show that the civil law system provides stronger protection through specialized courts, while common law does not provide a privileged position for notaries. Indonesia adopts a mixed model that provides flexibility but creates coordination complexity. The MKN plays a role in enforcing professional ethics while maintaining a balance between the protection of notaries as public officials who make authentic deeds and accountability in the judicial system, restoring the stability of legal protection that was lost after the Constitutional Court's decision.

The Mosque Youth Organization (REMAS) plays an important and strategic role as an agent of social and religious change among the younger generation. This study aims to improve the governance of the Mosque Youth Organization in Blitar City to be more professional and Islamic through the synergy of public administration and Islamic values. The main problems faced include a lack of coordination with the mosque administrators, a lack of effective leadership, and low community participation, which are influenced by internal factors such as the busyness of members and external factors such as limited funds and facilities. The method used is a participatory approach through needs analysis with 20 REMAS and mosque administrators, followed by training on professional Islamic governance, management skills, and evaluation assistance for its implementation. The training was held at the Al Mugi Barokah Mosque in Blitar City in September 2025, in collaboration with the Indonesian Mosque Youth Communication Agency (BKPRMI) as a stakeholder. The results of the community service showed significant improvements, namely the formation of a clear organizational structure, community-based work programs such as skills training and innovative social activities, and effective coordination with mosque administrators through regular forums to increase community participation. This approach integrates good governance principles such as transparency, accountability, and documentation using Trello or Google Sheets with Islamic values such as deliberation, trustworthiness, benevolence, and the example set by the Prophet Muhammad SAW. These activities contribute to sustainable social transformation among mosque youth, strengthening their role as agents of socio-religious change, although challenges such as limited resources, internal conflicts, and slow technological adaptation still need to be addressed through regular monitoring and further technological integration.

The Student Evaluation of Lecturers (EDOM) at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Dr. Soetomo has historically been conducted via Google Forms and processed manually, resulting in slow response times, repetitive recap procedures, and insufficiently documented reporting validity. This study aims to design, build, and evaluate a web-based EDOM system using the Prototype Model (MODEL PROTOTYPE) to improve data collection efficiency, recap accuracy, and the effectiveness of feedback for teaching quality assurance. The development method comprises requirements elicitation with the Quality Assurance Unit through a review of SPMI documents and brief interviews, architectural and interface design (Laravel, MVC pattern, and MySQL), staged prototyping, and rapid iterations based on stakeholder feedback until functional conformity is achieved. The resulting system provides authentication and role-based authorization (Admin, GPM, Lecturer, Student), odd/even period management, a question bank employing a Likert scale, anonymous questionnaire submission, score recap per lecturer and per category (pedagogical, professional, personal, social), dashboard visualizations, and report export to support governance needs. Functional evaluation was conducted through black-box testing on core scenarios (login, period scheduling, submission, recap, and export) and indicated conformance to specifications. User acceptance evaluation employed the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to examine perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude toward use, and behavioral intention; the results indicate positive acceptance and potential for operational adoption. Practically, the prototype approach accelerates requirement alignment, reduces the risk of mis-specification, and facilitates change control, while the Laravel-based implementation supports maintainability, role-based access security, and further feature development. The study is limited to a single faculty; future work may include SSO integration, audit trails, and longitudinal, cross-semester analytics for more comprehensive monitoring of lecturer performance.

Violent crimes such as armed robbery, terrorism, riots, and hostage-taking pose serious threats to public safety and order. In this context, the Brimob Pelopor Unit of the North Sumatra Regional Police plays a strategic role as a paramilitary police force trained to handle high-intensity threats. This research is driven by the urgency to examine the extent to which Brimob’s role is carried out within the framework of criminal law and the principles of fair, professional, and proportional law enforcement. The aim of this study is to analyze the legal foundations underlying the involvement of the Brimob Pelopor Unit in handling violent crimes, identify operational and institutional obstacles faced, and evaluate the strategies implemented within the context of law enforcement. The method employed is a descriptive qualitative approach, using data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and document studies. The findings indicate that the Brimob Pelopor Unit of North Sumatra actively participates in operations against armed crime, riot control, and securing vital objects, based on clear legal provisions such as Law No. 2 of 2002 and police regulations regarding the use of force. Key challenges include limited personnel, tactical equipment shortages, bureaucratic delays, and public pressure concerning human rights issues. Nevertheless, various reinforcement strategies are being pursued through intensive training, inter-agency collaboration, and a humanistic approach to community engagement. This study concludes that Brimob’s role is crucial in Indonesia’s law enforcement system, though continuous reform is required to maintain professionalism and legal legitimacy amid complex national security challenges.

Labor-intensive garment industries are experiencing significant employment challenges in the post-pandemic era, which has direct implications for the achievement of organizational objectives. This study was conducted to examine the effects of work-life balance, workload, and job stress on turnover intention among employees of PT 3Di Garmentech in West Jakarta. The research employed a quantitative approach with a sample of 70 respondents, selected using a saturated sampling technique, meaning all members of the population were included as respondents. Data collection was carried out through structured questionnaires, and the analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression methods, complemented by interval value interpretation on a Likert scale. The data were processed with the help of Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 26 to ensure accuracy in statistical testing. Findings from the study revealed that workload and job stress significantly and positively influenced turnover intention, indicating that higher levels of these factors increased employees’ desire to leave the company. Meanwhile, work-life balance showed no significant impact on turnover intention, suggesting that despite potential difficulties in balancing personal and professional roles, employees’ decisions to resign were more strongly driven by excessive workload and heightened job stress. These results emphasize the importance for garment companies to manage workload effectively and reduce stress levels to maintain employee retention and organizational stability.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Unit Dose Drugs Dispensing Sistem (UDDDS) based on the SERVQUAL theory at the Inpatient Pharmacy Installation of RS “X”. The research method used a quantitative design with SERVQUAL questionnaires given to pharmacists and nurses, supplemented by in-depth interviews to explore perceptions of the UDDDS implementation. Data analysis was conducted using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. The results of the study indicate that all SERVQUAL dimensions significantly influence the quality of UDDDS services. Based on multiple linear regression analysis, the dimension of Assurance had the most dominant influence on service quality, with a B value of 8.464 and a contribution of 35%. This was followed by Empathy (B = 7.475, 31%), Tangibles (B = 7.547, 28%), Responsiveness (B = 4.847, 20%), and Reliability (B = 3.475, 16%). These findings suggest that the Assurance dimension, which includes trust and confidence in healthcare professionals, plays a crucial role in improving service quality at the Inpatient Pharmacy Installation. Overall, the findings indicate a significant relationship between the implementation of UDDDS and improvements in hospital service quality, particularly in terms of timely medication administration, reduced medication returns, and increased healthcare worker satisfaction. The reduction in medication returns reflects the efficiency of the drug distribution sistem, while the increased satisfaction of healthcare workers shows that UDDDS contributes to better service quality. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening the Assurance dimension through improving the competence, ethics, and professionalism of healthcare workers. Additionally, integrating UDDDS into the hospital's quality indicators is essential for establishing a sustainable quality culture. This will support the overall improvement of service quality at the hospital.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in Indonesia’s economy by contributing significantly to GDP and absorbing a large share of the workforce. However, MSMEs continue to face major challenges, including limited business legality, low human resource (HR) capacity, and difficulties in obtaining halal certification. To address these issues, the government established the Integrated Business Service Center (PLUT) as a consultation, assistance, and facilitation hub for MSME development. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the PLUT policy in supporting MSMEs, focusing on the issuance of Business Identification Numbers (NIB), capacity building for human resources, and facilitation of halal certification. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using Miles & Huberman’s interactive model and Edwards III’s framework, which emphasizes communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The findings reveal that PLUT plays a crucial role in helping MSMEs secure business legality, providing training and managerial assistance, and supporting the halal certification process. Nevertheless, challenges remain, such as the limited number of consultants, bureaucratic complexity, and unequal access to digital infrastructure, which hinder the overall effectiveness of the services. The implications of this study highlight the need to strengthen PLUT’s capacity by recruiting more professional consultants, digitalizing services, and integrating with the OSS and BPJPH systems. These steps are expected to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of PLUT’s implementation, thereby improving the competitiveness of MSMEs in the era of digital transformation.

The quality of nursing care is reflected in the implementation of professional nursing care. Professional and qualified nurses must possess both hard skills and soft skills, as success in the workplace is influenced by soft skills (80%) and hard skills (20%). Indonesia still faces many challenges in achieving nursing care quality that reflects professional practice. The way nursing care is provided is not entirely focused on meeting the client's needs but is more oriented toward task completion. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the professional team nursing care model and the quality of nursing care in the inpatient ward. This is a quantitative study using a correlational approach with a cross-sectional design. The study sample consisted of 146 respondents using purposive sampling. Data analysis utilized the Spearman rank correlation technique. The respondents were predominantly female, held a bachelor's degree, and had less than five years of work experience. Most of the MAKP met the criteria, and most reported that the quality of care was good. Based on bivariate analysis, a significant relationship was found between MAKP and the quality of inpatient care at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. This result is shown by a correlation coefficient of 0.807 with a positive relationship and a significance value of 0.000 (p-value < 0.05). There is a significant relationship between MAKP and the quality of inpatient care services at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang.

Current Affairs is a strategic division within LPP TVRI, which plays a crucial role in producing in-depth and up-to-date news programs as a form of public broadcasting's responsibility to provide quality information to the public. One of this division's flagship programs is Jendela Negeri, a morning talk show broadcast live with a light yet informative and educational presentation style. This program's presence is significant amidst the rapid flow of information and the development of communication technology, as it presents interviews and current coverage involving credible sources and contributors from various regions in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the communication strategies implemented by the Current Affairs team in an effort to improve the quality of the Jendela Negeri program to ensure its relevance and audience interest. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation studies. The analysis was conducted with reference to the POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling) theory as a management strategy framework. The results show that the communication strategy is implemented through adaptive theme planning, program promotion through social media, a production process with professional standards, intensive coordination across regional contributors, content redistribution across various digital platforms, and regular evaluations to improve broadcast quality. Furthermore, the application of Lasswell's communication model is clearly visible in the communication process, from message development to audience reception. The research findings also show that the Jendela Negeri program meets the criteria for quality news, namely accuracy, balance, objectivity, conciseness, and relevance, thus maintaining its educational and informative function as part of LPP TVRI's public service.  

Indonesian EFL senior high school students. Traditional EFL instruction often emphasizes lower-order cognitive skills, limiting students' ability to analyze, evaluate, and create in English. This research explored student experiences with PBL and its impact on HOTS development. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five 11th-grade students participating in environmental-themed PBL activities. Thematic analysis identified patterns in student experiences and perceptions. Findings reveal that students perceive PBL as significantly more engaging than traditional instruction, fostering enhanced motivation, deeper understanding, and collaborative competencies. Students demonstrated active engagement in higher-order cognitive processes through research activities, critical discussions, and creative project development. Collaborative dimensions particularly enhanced analytical and evaluative thinking as students examined diverse perspectives. Implementation challenges emerged, including time management difficulties, group dynamics issues, resource limitations, and presentation anxiety. These challenges highlight PBL's complexity and the need for comprehensive support systems. The study concludes that while PBL effectively promotes HOTS development in EFL contexts, successful implementation requires systematic support, including project management instruction, collaborative skills development, adequate technological resources, and continuous professional development for educators.  

This study analyzes the creative approach and communication methods employed by Afif Yulistian in creating content for his YouTube channel, PipVlog. The study's background stems from the rapid growth of digital media, which has created competition among content creators, where success is determined not only by visual appeal but also by the ability to engage with viewers. This research employed qualitative descriptive methods and collected data through observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with key informants. The findings of this study indicate that Afif Yulistian focuses on creativity by selecting everyday themes relevant to his audience's lives, maintaining a consistent upload schedule, and adapting to viral trends as strategies to maintain content relevance. His creative process encompasses pre-production, production, and post-production stages, utilizing simple narratives, light editing, and humor. In terms of communication, Afif employs a casual, familiar, and friendly style, creating a genuine impression and strengthening emotional connections with viewers. His consistent personal branding also reinforces his image as an original and relatable creator. This study concludes that PipVlog's success is supported by a combination of creative strategies and efficient communication methods. These findings provide theoretical contributions to the field of communication science, particularly regarding new media and digital content strategy. From a practical perspective, the research findings can serve as a reference for content creators and creative industry professionals in developing relevant, adaptive strategies that can sustain their presence amidst competition on digital platforms.

The rapid development of information technology has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, including the decision-making process that requires precision and objectivity. One of the problems often faced is product selection with various complex criteria, for example in selecting a quality drum. Drums as a percussion instrument have many variations in terms of sound quality, material, design, price, and durability, so a system is needed that can assist users in making a more rational choice. This study aims to develop a website-based Decision Support System (DSS) using the Weighted Product (WP) method to provide recommendations for drum selection. The WP method was chosen because it is able to perform calculations by considering the weight of each criterion so that the recommendation results are more objective. The system implementation is carried out through the design of a user-friendly web-based interface, making it easier for users to access, compare alternatives, and obtain recommendations without having to perform manual assessments that are time-consuming and potentially subjective. System testing was carried out by comparing the results of the system's recommendations with expert assessments, which obtained an accuracy level of 95%. These results indicate that the developed system has a high level of reliability and is suitable for use as an aid in decision-making in selecting quality drums. With this system, it is hoped that users, both beginners and professionals, will find it easier to choose drums that suit their needs and preferences.

This study aims to examine and analyze how the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) impacts employee performance improvement at Chatter Lounge Restaurant, Gumaya Tower Semarang. The background of this research stems from initial observations and interviews that revealed inconsistencies in SOP implementation, particularly in aspects of grooming and staff attitudes toward guests. A qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach was employed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with four key informants, direct observations of operational activities, and digital documentation related to SOP practices. The data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which includes three main stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that SOP implementation positively contributes to enhancing employee discipline, time efficiency, and accuracy in following service procedures, leading to a more standardized service quality. Nevertheless, the implementation is not yet fully optimal as several employees lack a comprehensive understanding of SOP content. Inhibiting factors include limited advanced training opportunities, one-way briefings that restrict interactive communication, and the absence of a performance-based reward system to motivate staff. The study highlights that while SOPs serve as a crucial guideline to improve consistency and professionalism, their effectiveness depends heavily on continuous reinforcement and employee engagement. Therefore, it is recommended that the restaurant management strengthen SOP implementation through ongoing training, more participatory internal communication, and the establishment of performance-based reward mechanisms to maximize employee motivation, ensure service excellence, and ultimately enhance guest satisfaction.

In order to maintain the integrity and dignity of their position, Notaries are required to comply with the Code of Ethics, including the prohibition on job promotions as stated in Article 4 paragraph (3) of the Notary Code of Ethics. However, violations of this rule are still frequently encountered. This study uses a doctrinal method by reviewing primary legal materials, such as the Notary Law, Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation Number 19 of 2019, and the Notary Code of Ethics, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of books, legal journals, and interviews with the Chairperson of the Regional Board, Former Regional Honorary Council, and Members of the Indonesian Notary Association. The purpose of the study is to determine and analyze the position of the Notary Code of Ethics as a public official regarding violations committed, as well as to examine the form of legal accountability for violations of the code of ethics related to job promotions. The results of the study indicate that although the Notary Code of Ethics is binding, many Notaries still violate it, especially through job promotion practices that are contrary to the principles of professionalism and reduce public trust. Existing forms of accountability are still limited to ethical, moral, and social aspects within the scope of professional organizations, thus not being effective enough to create a deterrent effect, especially for notaries who repeatedly seek promotions. This research also revealed that although the Notary Code of Ethics provides clear provisions regarding the prohibition of promotions.

This study aims to analyze the reward system in improving the performance of educators at State Islamic Senior High Schools (Madrasah Aliyah) in Jambi Province. The research focuses on the reward mechanism, its implementation, and the factors that determine its effectiveness in improving educator performance. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research locations include three madrasas: MAN 1 Tanjung Jabung Barat, MAN 1 Kota Jambi, and MAN 1 Merangin. The results show that the implemented reward system includes financial rewards (such as incentives and allowances) and non-financial rewards (such as certificates, training, and job promotions). Rewards have been shown to play an important role in improving educator motivation, discipline, loyalty, and performance. However, the implementation of the reward system has not been optimal due to several obstacles, such as budget constraints, lack of transparency in assessments, and the incompatibility of the types of rewards with the needs of educators. On the other hand, madrasas that implement the reward system appropriately and fairly show an increase in the quality of educator work, marked by increased participation, work performance, and professional responsibility. This study concludes that an effective reward system is one that has clear criteria, is transparent, and responsive to the needs of educators. Recommendations are directed to madrasah principals and the Ministry of Religious Affairs to build a strong culture of appreciation and allocate an adequate reward budget to improve the quality of education in madrasahs.

This research is directed to answer two main problems: the form of liability imposed on parking service providers toward consumers, and how the Supreme Court decision reflects (or diverges from) legal justice and proportionality. The study aims to examine the legal liability approach adopted in the Supreme Court Decision Number 2157/K/Pdt/2010 and to formulate an ideal concept of a fair and proportional limitation of liability for parking service operators. In the aforementioned decision, the Supreme Court held the parking operator liable for the loss of a consumer’s vehicle, even though a disclaimer clause had been clearly printed on the parking ticket. This ruling raised controversy, as it seemed to overlook the fact that the operator had fulfilled their duties to a reasonable and professional standard. The substance of parking as an object of regional tax was disregarded in the judicial consideration, which focused solely on consumer protection law. This has led to an interpretation that imposes an almost unlimited liability on the service provider. This study employs doctrinal legal research, supported by conceptual approaches in parking regulation and legal case analysis. The method used is normative legal research (doctrinal) with statutory, conceptual (regarding lease and deposit agreements), and judicial approaches. The findings indicate that parking service providers should not be subjected to absolute liability. Instead, the assessment of liability must take into account the principles of justice, proportionality, and contributory negligence. Hence, there is a need for a clear formulation of liability limitations that not only safeguard consumer rights but also consider the reasonable obligations of business actors, particularly within the context of regional tax regulations related to parking.

Competition in the job market has been increasing every year, demanding high-quality human resources who are capable of adapting to rapid changes in the era of Industry 5.0. However, recent findings indicate that many graduates, particularly those from the class of 2024, still lack sufficient work readiness, contributing to a relatively low work readiness rate in Indonesia. Work readiness is a crucial attribute that determines the extent to which graduates can transition smoothly from academic settings into professional environments. One of the psychological constructs believed to influence this readiness is the Adversity Quotient (AQ), which reflects an individual’s ability to withstand, adapt, and grow in the face of challenges and difficulties. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between adversity quotient and work readiness among 174 final-year students of the Psychology Faculty at Universitas Negeri Padang. This study employed a quantitative research design with a purposive sampling technique. The Work Readiness variable was measured using a scale developed by the researcher based on Caballero et al. (2011), while the Adversity Quotient was measured using the adapted Adversity Response Profile scale from Stoltz (2000). Based on the results of product moment correlation analysis, findings show that the adversity quotient has a strong and positive correlation (r = 0.691) with work readiness. These results highlight the importance of strengthening resilience and adversity management skills to ensure that students are better prepared to enter the workforce with confidence and competence.

Early Warning Score (EWS) is a useful assessment system for monitoring and detecting patient conditions before they worsen, so that appropriate decision-making can be made, including referring patients and providing interventions as needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the Level of Knowledge of Early Warning Score (EWS) Nurses in the Internal Medicine Room of Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2025. The research method used was descriptive. A population of 94 people was taken professionally. The results of the study showed the Level of Knowledge of EWS Care in the Internal Medicine Room of Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2025 Based on the Definition of Respondents More Category Sufficient as many as 2 People (2.1%), Based on Indications for Use of EWS Number of Respondents More Category Less overall 3 People (3.2%), Category Sufficient as many as 48 people (51.1%), Based on Physical Parameters in EWS Respondents More Category Less than 4 People (4.3%), Category Sufficient as many as 23 people (24.5%), Based on EWS Assessment Number of Respondents More Category Less as many as 1 Person (1.1%), Category Sufficient as many as 70 people (74.5%), Based on the Role of Nurses in EWS Number of Respondents More Category Less as many as 7 People (7.4%), Category Sufficient as many as 49 (52.1%), Based on EWS Standardization Number of Respondents More Category Less overall 17 People (18.1%), Category Sufficient as many as 45 people (47.9%). Conclusion Level of Nurses' Knowledge of Early Warning Score (EWS) at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2025 knowledgeable with 94 respondents showed that nurses with sufficient knowledge were 39 respondents (41.5%), and nurses with good knowledge were 39 respondents (58.5%). It is recommended that Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan organize or conduct training workshops on the use of EWS.

This study explores the role of principal leadership style in shaping the quality of 21st-century teaching skills among elementary school teachers in Indonesia, with particular attention to leadership practices, challenges encountered, and strategies for improvement. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the research was conducted at SD Negeri 90 Sampulungan, Takalar, South Sulawesi, involving the principal and teachers as participants. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, direct observations, and documentation to provide a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The findings indicate that the principal primarily employed transformational and democratic leadership styles. These approaches motivated teachers by inspiring them with clear visions, serving as role models, and encouraging active participation in decision-making processes. Such leadership practices contributed significantly to teacher engagement and the overall school climate. Teachers, in turn, demonstrated competencies aligned with 21st-century learning demands, particularly through the application of the 4Cs: critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration. They also showed efforts in integrating information and communication technology (ICT) into their teaching practices and implementing interactive classroom management strategies. However, several challenges were identified, including limited availability of facilities, resistance among some teachers toward adopting innovative methods, and the heavy administrative workload that often distracted from instructional focus. To address these issues, the principal implemented various strategies such as organizing continuous professional development training, providing close supervision and mentoring, and offering motivational support to sustain teacher commitment. Overall, the study emphasizes the crucial role of transformational leadership in strengthening teachers’ 21st-century skills and offers practical implications for educational policy development, while also recommending future studies across broader school contexts in Indonesia.

The role of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) Secretariat is crucial in supporting the effective supervision function of the DPRD as a pillar of good governance. However, at the Cilegon City DPRD Secretariat, this role faces significant constraints due to a policy of assigning staff to assist in work visits that is not competency-based, which risks weakening local government accountability. This research aims to analyze the facilitation role of the Cilegon City DPRD Secretariat, identify the constraints arising from the removal of expert supervision staff, and formulate optimization strategies to strengthen the institution's role. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through in-depth interviews with key informants within the Secretariat, observation, and document analysis. The research findings indicate that (1) the Secretariat's role has been degraded to be administrative rather than substantive; (2) the main constraint stems from a staff assignment system that ignores competence, which leads to a decline in the quality of supervision reports; and (3) there is an urgent need to reform the human resource management (HRM) system. It is concluded that the optimization of the Secretariat's role can only be achieved by reforming the staff assignment policy and implementing structured competency development programs to restore professionalism and effective support for the DPRD's supervision function. Therefore, this research recommends three strategic steps: in the short term, revising the staff assignment policy to prioritize competence; in the medium term, developing and implementing clear Competency-Based HRM Guidelines; and in the long term, organizing continuous functional training programs to enhance staff capacity in professionally and effectively supporting the DPRD's supervision function.