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Labor is the process of expelling the products of conception, namely the fetus and placenta, after reaching full term and being viable in the womb. There are two types of delivery: normal delivery and caesarean section (SC). Caesarean section (SC) is a surgical procedure performed through an incision in the uterine wall to deliver the fetus. Caesarean delivery is indicate in cases of cephalopelvic disproportion, breech or transverse fetal position, fetal weight exceeding 4,000 grams, or maternal health conditions that may endanger the mother and fetus. One of the common complications following caesarean delivery is pain. Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. An intervention that can be applied to reduce post SC pain is Guided Imagery Therapy. Guided imagery therapy is a non-pharmacological intervention aimed at reducing and controlling pain by creating pleasant and relacing thoughts, focusing on breathing, and visualizing positive scenarios. This study employed a descriptive case study design using the nursing process from assessment to evaluation. The study was conducted on two patients with moderate pain (pain scale 4-6) after SC at TK II Putri Hijau Hosiptal Medan. The results showed that after the application of guided imagery therapy for three days with a duration of 40 minutes per session, pain levels decreased to mild (pain scale 1-3). In ptient I, pain decreased from a score of 5 to 3, an in patient 2, from a score of 6 to 3. In conclusion, guided imagery therapy was successfully applied in reducing post -SC pain levels and can serve as a reference for further research on pain reduction following caesarean section.

Introduction: Elementary school children play a very important role in the development stages of children in their middle and final stages of childhood. Children's emotional mental health can also influence their own future, and have a big impact on family, friends, teachers and society, because Parents need to supervise their children when using smartphones. The duration of smartphone use for children aged 3-S years is 1 hour per day and for children aged 6-18 years is 2 hours per day. Method:The design of this research is a quantitative descriptive design using a cross sectional approach. The samples for this research are 71 students using a total sampling technique. The measuring tool for this research used the SDQ (Strength & Difficulties Questionnaire) questionnaire. There are 5 categories or aspects of behavior that are measured to detect emotional mental health, namely emotional problems, behavioral problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, and prosocial, each category has 3 divisions, Normal Borderline, Abnormal. Result:The research results obtain are Normal 4 (5.6%), Borderline 62 (87.4%). Abnormal are 5 (7.0%). Conclusion:It is hoped that this research will provide input for elementary school children so that they can adapt to their environment. Parents also play a very important role for children so that children do not become addicted to smartphones.  

The long-term care required by schizophrenia patients places a heavy burden on caregivers who are responsible for meeting the patients' needs. Performing these caregiving tasks often causes physical and emotional stress on caregivers, especially due to the long-term nature of the care. In situations like this, coping strategies play a crucial role in supporting the well-being of caregivers so that they are able to face the challenges that arise during the process of caring for schizophrenic patients. This study focuses on examining the correlation between coping strategies and the quality of life of caregivers who provide care for schizophrenic patients at the Aceh Mental Hospital Polyclinic. The research design applied was analytical with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 115 caregivers were sampled through accidental sampling from a total population of 4,035 families. Research data were collected using two measuring instruments, namely the Brief COPE questionnaire and The Schizophrenia Caregiver Quality of Life Questionnaire (SCGQoL). The research process took place at the Aceh Mental Hospital Polyclinic from March 6 to 24, 2025. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate methods. Based on the research results, it was found that 108 caregivers (93.9%) were in the low coping strategy category, while 80 caregivers (69.6%) had a moderate quality of life. Statistical testing with Chi-Square produced a p-value of 0.001, which indicates a significant relationship between coping strategies and the quality of life of caregivers. Therefore, it is hoped that health care institutions can improve mental health nursing interventions for patients' families, particularly through educational programs on managing schizophrenia patients at home and assistance in identifying adaptive coping resources for patients' families.

This study aims to analyze the influence of emotional intelligence, work discipline, and job commitment on employee productivity at DP3AP2KB Kota Kediri. The research employed a quantitative approach with a population of 45 employees, all of whom were included as the sample using a saturated sampling technique. The research instrument was a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS version 25, preceded by validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity). The results indicate that emotional intelligence has a significant partial effect on employee productivity, while work discipline and job commitment show no significant effect. However, simultaneously, the three independent variables significantly affect productivity with an Adjusted R² value of 0.846. These findings highlight that emotional intelligence is the dominant factor influencing productivity, whereas work discipline and job commitment function more as basic requirements already embedded within bureaucratic systems. The practical implication of this study suggests the need for soft skill development programs, emotional management training, and the improvement of employees’ interpersonal skills to enhance productivity in the public sector.

The musical work “Syurga di Telapak Kaki Ibu” is a rearrangement of the Malay song composed by S. Effendi in 1990 and popularized by Aishah. This work highlights moral and religious values about honoring mothers. The purpose of this study is to describe the creative process of rearranging “Syurga di Telapak Kaki Ibu” using the rentak langgam format characteristic of Malay music. A descriptive–qualitative approach with a work-study method was employed. Data were collected through observation, literature review, and the composer’s five-month practice. The results show a new arrangement featuring a mournful melody, flowing harmonies, and the application of ornamentation techniques such as cengkok and grenek on melodic instruments (gambus oud, sape, bamboo flute, violin, accordion). The arrangement is structured in intro, verse, interlude, verse, interlude, and coda to create more varied emotional nuances while preserving the original essence of the song. This work is expected to strengthen the existence of classic Malay songs in the era of modern music and serve as a reference for students and traditional music practitioners in creating innovative works based on cultural heritage.

Infertility is a reproductive health issue that not only affects biological aspects, but also causes significant psychological burdens, particularly anxiety in women. In the context of Saudi Arabian culture, which has strong pronatalist values, infertile women often face social and emotional pressures that can exacerbate their psychological condition. Social support is seen as a protective factor that plays an important role in helping individuals adapt to the stress of infertility. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of social support and the level of anxiety in Saudi women facing infertility at the Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Takhassusi Branch, Riyadh. This study uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional analytical observational design. The research sample consisted of 30 infertile women selected using consecutive sampling techniques. The levels of social support and anxiety were measured using a standardized questionnaire, then analyzed using Spearman's correlation test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that most respondents were aged 20–35 years and experienced primary infertility. The Spearman test showed a statistically significant relationship between the level of social support and the level of anxiety (p = 0.000) with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.625, indicating a moderate to strong positive relationship. This indicates that women with higher levels of anxiety tend to receive or seek more intense social support. In conclusion, social support plays an important role in the dynamics of anxiety in infertile women. The integration of structured psychosocial support into infertility services is essential to improve patients' psychological well-being and quality of life.

This study aims to analyze the influence of perceived value on customer loyalty in the coffee shop industry in Jakarta by considering the role of customer satisfaction as a mediating variable. The approach used is quantitative with Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis technique. Perceived value includes dimensions of perceived quality, customer expectations, social value, and emotional value. The results show that all dimensions of perceived value have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer satisfaction is proven to have an important role in increasing loyalty, where emotional and social experiences are factors that are no less important than functional aspects. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of emotional and social dimensions in explaining customer loyalty. The practical implication is that coffee shop business actors can develop service strategies that are more focused on creating meaningful customer experiences. Future research is recommended to explore qualitative approaches to understand the dynamics of consumer behavior in the context of urban lifestyles.

In the digital era, the erosion of moral values among young people has become a pressing challenge for Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Folktales, as part of Indonesia’s cultural heritage, offer universal moral lessons that resonate with Islamic principles. This study investigates the potential of folktales as instructional media for instilling Islamic values while addressing the demands of digital-based learning. A qualitative descriptive method was applied, involving textual analysis of folktales, classroom observations, and interviews with teachers and students. The selected stories Malin Kundang, Bawang Merah Bawang Putih, Timun Mas, and Lake Toba were examined to identify moral values consistent with Qur’anic and prophetic teachings. Data were analyzed using reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing, supported by triangulation to enhance validity. The results reveal that folktales embody key Islamic values such as filial piety, honesty, patience, courage, and loyalty to promises. Their integration into PAI classes not only increased student attention and emotional engagement but also encouraged deeper moral reflection. Moreover, digital adaptations through animations, videos, and digital storytelling expanded their relevance to contemporary learners, although challenges remain in teachers’ digital literacy and the need for contextual reinterpretation. This study concludes that folktales are more than cultural narratives; they are strategic tools for moral education. By leveraging digital innovation, folktales can reinforce character formation, sustain the relevance of PAI, and prepare Muslim students to be adaptive and value-driven in navigating modern society.

This study examines the impact of self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and digital skills on student job readiness in the era of digital fatigue. This study used a descriptive method and involved 202 students from Subang studying in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS. The results show that self-confidence, emotional intelligence, and digital skills each have a positive and significant impact on job readiness, and together increase students' adaptability and resilience in the era digital fatigue. These findings emphasize the importance of building self-confidence, managing emotions, and mastering digital skills to mitigate the impact of digital fatigue and prepare students for increasingly competitive and modern job markets. The results of this study can serve as a reference for students, lecturers, and policymakers in developing strategies that combine mental readiness and mastery of digital skills in the educational process at universities.   This study examines the impact of self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and digital skills on student job readiness in the era of digital fatigue. This study used a descriptive method and involved 202 students from Subang studying in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS. The results show that self-confidence, emotional intelligence, and digital skills each have a positive and significant impact on job readiness, and together increase students' adaptability and resilience in the era digital fatigue. These findings emphasize the importance of building self-confidence, managing emotions, and mastering digital skills to mitigate the impact of digital fatigue and prepare students for increasingly competitive and modern job markets. The results of this study can serve as a reference for students, lecturers, and policymakers in developing strategies that combine mental readiness and mastery of digital skills in the educational process at universities.  

The family plays a central role in shaping children’s growth and well-being, particularly in marginalized communities where access to education and healthcare is limited. This study aims to describe the forms of family support in improving the well-being of children at Sanggar Anak Sungai Deli, a non-formal educational institution located along the banks of the Deli River in Medan City. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research involved observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The informants included families of children, sanggar administrators, and children actively participating in the program. The findings reveal that family support is manifested in six main indicators: (1) positive emotional relationships, (2) provision of safety and comfort, (3) instilling positive values, (4) support for education and talent development, (5) protection from negative influences, and (6) partial fulfillment of basic needs. These supports contribute significantly to children’s emotional, social, and intellectual well-being, although the physical aspect remains less fulfilled due to economic constraints. Despite limited financial resources, families demonstrate care and commitment to supporting their children’s development. Sanggar Anak Sungai Deli serves as an essential partner by providing a safe and supportive learning environment. This study concludes that family involvement, combined with community-based interventions such as SASUDE, is crucial in ensuring holistic child well-being. The implications highlight the importance of strengthening collaboration between families, community organizations, and government to address gaps in child welfare programs in marginalized areas.  

Children with special needs (ABK) often face various challenges that require extra attention and support from their families. This study aims to determine the role of families in supporting the welfare of ABK at SLB Kasih Ibu in Dolok Masihul District. The research method used is qualitative descriptive research. Data collection was conducted through interviews, observation, and documentation. There were nine informants in this study. The results showed that the family plays a role in improving the welfare of children with special needs through several main aspects, namely: family resilience, which includes physical, social, and psychological resilience, which is fulfilled through basic needs, religious values, communication, commitment, and emotional management. The family provides personal support in the form of information, emotional support, education, and daily assistance. Good family relationships with effective communication and positive reinforcement, as well as the lack of community capacity in serving children with special needs. The welfare of children with special needs is fulfilled through basic needs, care, nurturing, and guidance from their families. Families also play a role in meeting the basic needs of children with special needs and protecting them from violence, discrimination, and unfair treatment, thereby creating a safe and supportive environment for the optimal development of children with special needs..

This study explores the psychological analysis of the main character in John Wick (2014), emphasizing the emotional and motivational factors that drive his actions. By applying Bernhardt's psychological aspects and Kenney's conflict theory, the research investigates the protagonist's internal struggles alongside his external challenges. Key issues examined include grief, trauma, and the pursuit of justice, highlighting how these elements shape character development and influence the narrative's progression. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method and thorough film analysis, the study reveals that John Wick's journey transcends mere revenge; it represents a complex psychological quest for closure, identity, and moral reconciliation. The findings emphasize the significance of emotions, ethical dilemmas, and personal values in character-driven narratives, illustrating how internal conflicts affect external actions. This research adds to broader discussions on the psychological depth of cinematic characters and underscores the universal themes of loss and resilience. Future studies could investigate similar analyses across different genres to deepen our understanding of character psychology and audience engagement.

This study analyzes the representation of the meaning of strong women in the main character, Tari, in the film Bolehkah Sekali Saja Ku Menangis using Roland Barthes' semiotic theory. The film emotionally depicts Tari’s life journey, from psychological pressure and harsh treatment within the family to the long process of rediscovering her true identity. Despite emotional wounds, Tari shows resilience and strength to rise. This study aims to identify how the meaning of a strong woman is constructed through cinematic elements such as visuals, dialogues, body expressions, and symbols in the film. Using a qualitative approach with Barthes' semiotic theory, the analysis focuses on the relationship between signs, denotative meaning, and connotative meaning in key scenes. Data was collected through in-depth observation and sign analysis of scenes that portray Tari's struggle, perseverance, and emotional transformation. The findings show that Tari represents a strong woman not only through physical endurance but also emotional resilience, self-empowerment, mental health awareness, and the courage to seek support. The film delivers a message about the importance of mental strength and women's courage in fighting for their rights and freedom. This study is expected to enrich the study of the representation of strong women in the media.

Pre-production photography is a comprehensive stage of preparation and planning before the production and post-production stages. This stage includes determining ideas, visual concepts, technical planning, location selection, and budget and schedule management. This stage is crucial to ensure the smooth running and success of production by minimising problems during shooting. Conceptual photography is photography with a design that carries a specific concept. This type of photography is included in fine art photography, which focuses on conveying ideas and abstract feelings through images. The resulting photographs prioritise the idea behind the work and often use imagination. The pre-production stage of the conceptual photography ‘Mother's Hands’ depicts mothers as loving and strong figures who maintain their identity as women with traditional Javanese nuances. This work conveys a message about the balance between domestic roles and self-esteem and reflects cultural values. The balance between the roles of woman and mother is the concept. The mother is the bearer of household responsibilities and an educator, while also being a woman who maintains her dignity and appearance with grace as a form of self-respect. Visually, this photographic work presents a Javanese mother who is a housewife and her accomplished daughter, who is the result of her mother's upbringing. The photoshoot took place indoors, with gebyok accents and other supporting props in line with the concept. The final result of the conceptual photography ‘Tangan Ibu’ is a photo that combines aesthetic and narrative elements through a meaningful visual presentation. This work provides an experience that is not only visually appealing but also invites emotional engagement from the audience. It can also serve as a reference for photography.

Child abuse is a significant public health problem with long-lasting impacts on the physical, emotional, and psychological growth of children. Perception and awareness of child abuse among women in Okabere Community, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, were examined. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used, and the data were collected from 133 women using a structured questionnaire. Findings revealed that 82% of the respondents were aware of child abuse, and 62.4% quoted schools and 20.3% places of worship as sources of information. Most were aware of sexual (28.6%) and physical abuse (21.8%) more than emotional abuse (17.3%) and neglect (14.3%). Perception was influenced by socio-cultural as well as economic influences because 60.2% quoted cultural beliefs and 80.5% blamed poverty for abuse. While almost all of the participants agreed that child abuse was a serious issue (80.5%), only 47.4% engaged in prevention activities. Community education, culturally targeted interventions, and women's empowerment are urgently needed for the prevention of child abuse in rural areas, as the study suggests.

Bullying is a serious problem that negatively affects students’ mental health, self-esteem, and academic achievement. Resilience functions as a protective factor that enables victims of bullying to remain adaptive despite adverse experiences. Peer support has been shown to enhance self-confidence, social competence, and psychological resilience among adolescents. This community service program aimed to strengthen students’ resilience through peer support training at SMP Negeri  Semarang in July 2025. A total of 18 students identified by school counselors as bullying victims participated in three training sessions: (1) education on bullying and resilience, (2) resilience skills training including emotional regulation, problem solving, and positive thinking, and (3) peer support group formation. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) was used to measure resilience before and after the intervention. Findings indicated an increase in average resilience scores from 21.6 to 29.6, representing a 37% improvement. Qualitative observations revealed enhanced self-confidence, improved emotional regulation, and stronger social support from peers. These results demonstrate that peer support-based resilience training is effective in improving students’ psychological adaptability. The intervention can serve as a school-based psychosocial strategy to foster mental well-being among adolescents, particularly those who have experienced bullying.

Learning style theories have long been used to understand individual differences in learning processes. Models such as VAK (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic) and Multiple Intelligences offer frameworks for adapting instructional strategies to students’ preferences. However, these approaches have been criticized for their reductionism and limited empirical validity, often neglecting the holistic nature of human learning. In contrast, the Islamic concept of fitrah provides a more comprehensive perspective, encompassing intellectual, spiritual, moral, and emotional dimensions in an integrated manner. This conceptual article aims to analyze and integrate Western learning style theories with Islamic perspectives to develop a more holistic learning paradigm. Through an extensive literature review and theoretical analysis, the article proposes an integrative model that bridges empirical approaches with spiritual values. Theoretically, this integration enriches academic discourse by connecting two distinct knowledge traditions. Practically, it offers a framework for educators and institutions to design adaptive learning processes that address learner diversity while fostering spiritual and moral development.

This study aims to explore guest experience as a benchmark for service quality in four-star hotels in Bali. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research was conducted at two representative hotels, namely Four Points by Sheraton Bali, Kuta and The Anvaya Beach Resort Bali. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 guests who had stayed for at least one night within the past six months, online review analysis from platforms such as Booking.com and TripAdvisor, as well as participatory observations in service areas.The findings reveal that the dimensions of service quality most influencing guest experience include staff responsiveness, facility comfort, and the authenticity of services that integrate local culture. Guests appreciated staff friendliness and professionalism, room cleanliness, and personal touches such as being greeted by name or receiving special attention, which created positive emotional experiences. However, several weaknesses were also identified, such as delays in room service during peak hours and inconsistent maintenance of facilities. These results are consistent with the SERVQUAL model (Parasuraman et al., 1988), which emphasizes five key dimensions, but this study highlights the emotional experience dimension, which has been less explored in hospitality research in Bali. This study makes a theoretical contribution by broadening the understanding of the relationship between service quality and guest experience, particularly in the context of four-star hotels that are characterized by high service standards and intense competition. The practical implications suggest that hotel management should strengthen service personalization, ensure consistency in staff reliability and responsiveness, and enhance the integration of local cultural values as a differentiation strategy to increase competitiveness. Thus, guest experience can serve as a primary indicator that not only reflects service quality but also builds customer loyalty and strengthens the hotel’s positive image among both domestic and international tourists.

This research explores the application of literary formulas in Brandon Sanderson’s novel Mistborn: The Final Empire. The research aims to identify the specific narrative formulas employed within the novel’s structure and to map the pattern by which these formulas are integrated to create its compelling narrative. Using a qualitative approach, the study applies Cawelti’s literary formulas and Vogler’s stages of the journey to analyze key scenes, dialogues, passages, and plot events. Data collection involved close reading and detailed note-taking. The findings show that Mistborn integrates three formulas: adventure, mystery, and romance, into the narrative. By mapping the protagonist’s journey onto Vogler’s twelve stages, the study shows a clear pattern where the adventure formula drives the main plot, the mystery intellectually engages the reader, and the romance provides emotional depth. These findings help explain the narrative appeal of the novel and offer a useful framework for understanding how fantasy stories are structurally composed. The study demonstrates how traditional storytelling formulas can be used to create rich and engaging narratives in modern fantasy literature.

This article discusses the importance of implementing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)-based learning evaluation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects. This topic is very crucial considering that PAI in the modern era is not sufficiently delivered through conventional methods such as memorization and lectures, but must encourage students to think critically, creatively, and reflectively towards religious teachings. The method used in this writing is a library research with a qualitative descriptive approach, reviewing relevant literature related to HOTS and its implementation in PAI learning evaluation. The results of the study indicate that HOTS-based evaluation is able to develop students' abilities in analyzing, evaluating, and creating solutions to contextual problems, thus supporting the formation of adaptive and highly reasoned religious characters. The implication is that the application of HOTS-based evaluation in PAI learning contributes significantly to students' cognitive development and is very relevant in the study of developmental psychology, especially in forming balanced intellectual and emotional intelligence.