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Fields of law in Indonesia are a system that is interrelated and affects each other. That there are similarities and differences between each law, including in terms of its enforcement. For example, between the Criminal Procedure Law and the Procedural Law of Military Justice. These two areas of law have some similarities in terms of the stages of trials, but there are differences, one of which is the unfamiliarity of the pre-prosecution stage in the military courts. This study aims to find out the existence of the Commander in resolving cases and to find out the reasons for the unfamiliarity pre-prosecution stage in the Military Court. This research is a normative research with a statutory approach. In addition, this study also uses qualitative analysis techniques. English translation. The existence of the commander in the settlement of cases is part of his authority to punish. The commander in charge of the command unit and his subordinates actively participates in all stages of the examination in the military courts, both as a Superior who has the right to punish in the investigation and as a case-handling officer in the prosecution stage. The existence of the pre-prosecution stage in the Military Court will intersect with the principle of unity of command and the principle of the commander being accountable. These two principles are two important principles in addition to the principle of military interest in the Military Judiciary which is also the basis of the authority and existence of the commander in the military courts.

The rapid development of technology and industry has significantly impacted the trade sector. However, this progress also brings challenges, such as the phenomenon of adulterated goods sales by business actors. This phenomenon has detrimental effects on consumers and business actors who operate in good faith. This research aims to identify the forms of legal protection offered by Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection for business actors and consumers in the context of adulterated goods sales. The research method used is normative legal research by examining literature or secondary data to find legal rules, principles, and doctrines. The findings indicate that legal protection can be achieved through dispute resolution both in court and out of court. Business actors and consumers can file criminal charges against business actors selling adulterated goods. In addition to criminal charges, consumers can also sue business actors selling adulterated goods through institutions responsible for resolving disputes between consumers and business actors.

This study examines the application of Quality Engineering methods to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through a community service program. Using a qualitative approach based on literature studies conducted via a webinar at Universitas Sehati Indonesia (USINDO), the research explores how systematic quality improvement strategies can be introduced and adapted for MSMEs to enhance product quality and competitiveness, this study analyzed scientific publications, community service reports, and quality improvement program documentation from 2019-2024. The findings demonstrate that Quality Engineering principles-including Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Seven Basic Tools of Quality, and Statistical Process Control (SPC)-significantly enhance product quality when adapted to SMEs' specific contexts. Case studies reveal improvements ranging from 29.5% to 97.92% across various aspects including customer satisfaction, food safety, and production efficiency. The research identifies key challenges in implementation, including technical knowledge limitations, resource constraints, and difficulties in maintaining long-term changes. The successful integration of Quality Engineering methods depends on active participation from SME stakeholders, approaches tailored to local contexts, and continuous post-program mentoring. This study contributes to developing an integrative framework that combines Quality Engineering principles with practical SME needs, supporting sustainable quality culture development in the SME sector.

The implementation of the training of prisoners on the basis of the system of socialization aims to ensure that the prisoner becomes a good citizen of society, obeying the law, upholding moral, social and religious values, so as to a safe, orderly and peaceful life of the community in accordance with the Law No. 22 Year 2022 on Socialization. How is the application of the principles of women's marketing in construction at the Women's Marketing Institute of Class IIA in Bandar Lampung, how is the obstacle to the application in the Women ' s Marketing Institution of Class IIIA and how is it possible to overcome the obstacles to the implementation of the principle of women’s Marketing in construction in the women' s marketing institutions of Class IA in bandar Lampung? Data analysis using qualitative data analysis. The implementation of the principles of establishment on the construction of the Women's Marketing Institute of the IIA Class of Bandar Lampung refers to the existing procedures and has been implemented in accordance with the procedures existing, implemented the principle of establishing after passing through four stages, namely the orientation stage, the assimilation stage for the prisoners who have run less than 1/3 of the criminal period, the asimilation level for the inmates who have passed less than 1⁄2 of the penal period as well as the stage of integration with the community environment. The way to overcome the obstacles to the implementation of the principles of promotion in the construction of the Women's Marketing Institute of Class IIA in Bandar Lampung is by submitting the formation of additional female employees, maximizing the function of the female citizens' bloc officers, improving the quality of the staff or officers and adding the means and facilities in the building of women's citizens.

The criminal justice system in Indonesia is plagued by various types of crimes, including official indifference, abuse of authority by officers, and human rights violations related to people's civil rights.  The rights of suspects, which are fundamental human rights and are ingrained in them, are often ignored in the Indonesian criminal justice system, to the detriment of suspects.  The case that attracted attention was an incident that occurred in 2013 in Cipulir, South Jakarta, where several buskers were accused of committing the crime of murder.  This case surfaced after reports that detained buskers were not given their basic rights during the investigation process, which could be linked to a violation of Miranda Rule principles.  This research aims to find out how the Miranda Rule principles guarantee the rights of suspects in the criminal justice system in Indonesia.  The method used in this research is a normative method, using the concept of a statutory approach.  The purpose of the results of this research is to understand that the Miranda Principle or known as Miranda rights is what happens when someone gives a warning to someone who is in danger.   Namely the right to obtain/contact legal advisors/advocates.  If unable, then given the opportunity to provide legal advice/advocate.  The right to obtain legal assistance has been included in Articles 54, 55 and 114 of the Criminal Procedure Code.   If he is unable to do so, the suspect has the right to be provided with legal advice by the relevant official or through an investigator, as regulated in article 56 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Procedure Code.   As for Miranda Warning (Right To Remain Silent), it is not regulated explicitly, but its application can be interpreted implicitly in articles 52, 117 and 166 of the Criminal Procedure Code.    

This study aims to (1) find out the role of business actors in making misleading promotions according to Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, and (2) to find out the legal protection for consumers in Kupang City against misleading information provided by business actors through product promotion based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. This study uses an empirical judiciary method using primary data and secondary data. The results of the study show that (1) The role of business actors in making misleading advertising promotions is depicted in practices such as false advertising, deceptive practices, and fraudulent advertising. Business actors have a role in creating advertisements that do not match reality, providing incorrect information, and manipulating consumers to make purchase decisions without correct information. The impact includes harming consumers, damaging market integrity, and potentially harming the overall business image. Mistakes in this kind of marketing practice not only violate consumer protection laws, but can also shake consumer trust and affect market fairness and integrity, and (2) In the face of misleading information from business actors through product promotion in Kupang City, legal protection for consumers is essential, especially with reference to Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. This law provides a legal basis to protect consumers from dishonest and harmful advertising practices. By emphasizing principles such as benefits, fairness, balance, security, consumer safety, and legal certainty, the Act creates a foundation for consumer protection.

Criminal accountability by perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption committed individually or collectively is very important in eradicating criminal acts of corruption and providing a deterrent effect to perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption.  Corruption currently occurring in Indonesia is in a very serious position and is deeply rooted in every aspect of life. The development of corrupt practices from year to year is increasing, both in terms of the quantity or amount of state financial losses and in terms of quality, which is increasingly systematic, sophisticated and its scope has expanded in all aspects of society.The method used in this research is descriptive analysis. Research data sources are generally distinguished between data obtained from library materials (secondary data). Normative legal research methods only recognize secondary data. The secondary data consists of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. In this research the author used qualitative analysis to analyze the data. Where qualitative analysis is a way of analyzing data sourced from legal materials based on concepts, theories, statutory regulations, doctrine, legal principles and expert opinions as well as the author's own views.This research aims to find and examine more deeply the legal instruments in the context of accountability for perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption committed jointly. The results of this research are influenced by certain factors, and as a result of acts of corruption, responsibility can be imposed on perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption, not only those who commit corruption individually, but also those who do it together.  

The handling of election crimes is one of the important aspects in maintaining the integrity and fairness of the process of holding general elections in Indonesia. The Integrated Law Enforcement Center (Gakkumdu Center) was formed as a forum for law enforcement of violations of crimes in General Rehabilitation which is carried out in an integrated manner by Bawaslu, the National Police, and the Prosecutor's Office. However, in practice, in the Batam City Gakkumdu Center, it was found that there were obstacles caused by Batam City Gakkumdu Center officers who did not understand their duties and authorities as well as the applicable rules in handling election violation cases, namely investigators who did not carry out investigations in the Gakkumdu Center. This study aims to analyze juridically the optimization of the handling of election crimes by the Gakkumdu Center with a focus on the Batam City Bawaslu. This study uses a normative juridical research method with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through document studies, in-depth interviews with members of Bawaslu, the Police, and the Prosecutor's Office, as well as direct observation of the case handling process by the Gakkumdu Center in Batam City. Data analysis is carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner to identify obstacles and formulate optimization efforts. The results of the study show that there are officers of the Batam City Gakkumdu Center who are not compliant in carrying out their duties and authorities in accordance with applicable rules in handling cases of election violations, namely investigators who do not carry out investigations in the Gakkumdu Center so that as a result of Bawaslu members at the Gakkumdu Center being confused/not taking a stand in deciding the case to be stopped/continued because the facts of the calrification results are not drawn optimally, so that there is a potential for expiration in case handling and administrative issuance that does not comply with principles. This study concludes that optimizing the handling of election crimes at the Gakkumdu Center in Batam City requires a comprehensive and integrated approach. By implementing the recommended steps, it is hoped that the Gakkumdu Center in general can be more effective and procedural in carrying out its duties so that the law enforcement

The South Tangerang Civil Registration Population Service has the task of providing community service by applying the principles of Good Governance. In its implementation, several problems are still found, such as a system that is often down and employee responsiveness which is part of accountability and there is still discrimination in services which is part of legal violations of rights. Same. This research aims to find out how the principles of Good Governance are implemented in the Population and Civil Registry Office in South Tangerang City. The method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach in data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this research are, 1. Accountability has carried out accountability every day, and each division has carried out accountability through reporting to the head of service where the results of the report usually contain sanctions for employees who are negligent in their duties, and the competencies possessed by the employees. And it is necessary to involve community participation to monitor the performance of the institution, 2. Transparency has been carried out well by the institution but there needs to be increased training and awareness of employees, 3. Participation has been carried out well by the institution but there needs to be training related to digital literacy involving the community and figures community, and creating inclusive forums in order to create good public services and in accordance with the principles of good governance, 4. The rule of law is not yet running well because there are still acts of discrimination by differentiating services between someone who has a position and one who does not have a position, so it is necessary to law enforcement that is applied fairly and inclusively regardless of a person's social status and training through education in schools.

Batam City, as a rapidly growing industrial center, faces major challenges in allocating agricultural land for farmers who need legal certainty over the land they manage. The background of the problem in this study is the conflict of interest between industrial development and the need for agricultural land protection, which often sacrifices farmers' rights and causes legal uncertainty. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the government in allocating land for farmers in Batam City and to provide policy recommendations that can increase legal certainty over agricultural land. The research method used is a normative and empirical juridical approach, which includes an analysis of relevant laws and regulations such as Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles, Law Number 41 of 2009 concerning the Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land, and Law Number 19 of 2013 concerning the Protection and Empowerment of Farmers. Primary data was collected through interviews with farmers, government officials, and other stakeholders, while secondary data was obtained from legal literature, policy documents, and previous case studies.The results of the study show that the implementation of land allocation for farmers in Batam City has not been optimal. Farmers often do not get adequate legal certainty because the allocated land can be revoked at any time by the government for the benefit of industrial development. The main obstacles identified include conflicts of interest between economic development and agricultural land protection, lack of legal certainty, weak coordination and oversight, development and urbanization pressures, and lack of supporting infrastructure. As a suggestion, this study recommends that the Batam City Government develop a balanced and inclusive spatial planning policy, accelerate the land certification process for farmers, improve coordination between institutions, and invest in agricultural infrastructure development. In addition, farmers are expected to strengthen their organizations to advocate for their rights, while the people of Batam City need to actively participate in the process of land use planning and monitoring to ensure sustainable and equitable development.  

The background of this study is the high number of terrorism cases in Indonesia that require strict law enforcement measures but must still respect human rights. Legal protection for suspects in the investigation process is crucial to ensure a fair legal process and in accordance with human rights standards regulated in various laws and regulations, including the Criminal Procedure Code, Law No. 5 of 2018, the 1945 Constitution, and Law No. 39 of 1999.The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of legal protection for suspects of terrorism crimes in the Riau Islands Police area, identify obstacles faced in implementing this protection, and formulate solutions to overcome these obstacles. The research method used is the empirical legal method, with a qualitative approach involving data collection through interviews, observations, and document studies.The results of the study indicate that the implementation of legal protection for suspects in the Riau Islands Police area is still less than optimal. The main obstacles identified include abuse of authority by law enforcement officers, lack of resources and capacity, and social stigma and discrimination against suspects. Abuse of authority often occurs in the form of unprocedural arrests and detentions, while limited resources result in a lack of adequate equipment and training for officers. Social stigma worsens the situation by hindering fair and humane legal protection. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that supervision and accountability for the actions of law enforcement officers be strengthened, training and capacity building for officers be carried out continuously, and anti-stigma education and campaigns be carried out for the community. These steps are expected to increase the effectiveness of human rights protection for suspects, so that the process of investigating terrorism crimes can be carried out more fairly and in accordance with the principles of law and justice.  

This study examines The Legal Position of the Peace Deed as a Means of Dispute Resolution for Parties Outside the Court, focusing on the notary’s authority and the legal strength of the peace deed compared to court decisions. Using a normative juridical method, this research emphasizes an analysis of positive legal provisions such as the Indonesian Civil Code, the Notary Law, and the Law on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution. The findings indicate that notaries possess legal authority to draft peace deeds as authentic instruments ensuring legal certainty and justice for disputing parties. A peace deed made before a notary holds the same legal force as a court decision with permanent legal effect (inkracht van gewijsde) and may serve as an executorial title when issued in the form of a grosse acte. Thus, the notarial peace deed functions as an effective, efficient, and equitable legal instrument for resolving disputes, reinforcing the principles of simplicity, speed, and low cost within the national legal system.

Serious human  rights violations that occur in Indonesia, such as in Aceh, Papua, Jakarta, Poso and East Timor, fall into the category of crimes against humanity. Indonesia adopted the principles of international law into national law, which were adapted  to the ideological values  of the Indonesian nation, namely Pancasila, namely adopting the principles of genocide (mass extermination of an ethnic group) and the principles of crimes  against humanity contained in Article 6 and 7 Rome Statute 1998. Partially the Rome Statute was implemented in national law by adopting it through Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning Human Rights Court. The problem that arises is how the provisions of Article 6 and 7 of the 1998 Rome Statute  concerning genocide and crimes against humanity were adopted in Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning the Human Rights Court. This research uses a normative juridical approach by studying or analyzing secondary data in the form of secondary legal materials by understanding law as rules or norms  which are benchmarks for human behavior that is considered appropriate.  Research using  this normative juridical method essentially emphasizes the deductive method as a general guide, and inductive method as support. Article 6 of the 1998 Rome Statute concerning Genocide (Mass Extermination of an ethnicity) and Article 7 of the 1998 Rome Statute  concerning Crime Against Humanity are included in the group of serious human rights violations. Indonesia has an interest in promulgating Law Number 26 of 2000 driven by the desire to fulfill the complementary principles adopted by the 1998 Rome Statute so that  Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning trials for serious human rights violations  meets the minimum standarts international law. The 1998 Rome Statute is an international agreement that cannot be reserved  so that ratification of the 1998 Rome Statute is fully binding of ratifying countries so that the Indonesian government must be careful in ratifyng it, but for Indonesia's interests,  several principles and provisions in the 1998 Rome Statute were adopted.      

Terrorism is Wrong one crime Which outside normal Because has creating terror creates fear and that's scary has the impression of being cruel to groups or groups. The crime of terrorism has taken away rights basic para human victim Which No know anything about the origin , causes and the purpose of acts of terrorism. Because in in carrying out their actions perpetrators of this terrorism t is indiscriminate. This action is completely contrary to Article 3 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) or Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) Which sounds "Every person entitled on life, freedom and security as an individual”, Article 6 paragraph (1) ICCPR ( International Covenant on Civil and Political Right ) 1999 which states "Every human being is entitled to the inherent right to life himself and every other person must not be deprived of his life arbitrarily", Article 28 A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which reads "Everyone has the right to live and the right to defend their life and existence" and Article 28 G paragraph (1) which reads "Everyone has the right to personal protection, family, honor, dignity, property under his control and has the right to a sense of security and protection from the threat of fear of doing or not doing something which is a human right.” This research aims to know How arrangement investigative law t act criminal terrorism in Indonesia And What obstacle investigator in do investigation t act criminal terrorism in Indonesia. This research uses normative legal research research ingredients literature To use get ingredients form theories, concepts, principles as well as regulation law Which related with role investigator in process handling follow criminal terrorism.    

The renewal of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) through the Draft Law (RUU) KUHAP opens up space for in-depth philosophical reflection on the relationship between law, justice, and humanity. This article examines the challenges of harmonizing the principle of due process of law, which emphasizes respect for individual rights in every legal process, with the criminal justice system, which is oriented towards efficiency and the purpose of punishment. This harmony is not only a technical and normative matter, but also a matter of shared understanding of what is meant by justice in the context of a more humane and human rights-based criminal justice system. Using a philosophical legal perspective, this article explores the potential for conflict and convergence between the two principles, and seeks common ground within the framework of Pancasila legal values ​​and Islamic law that prioritize humanity, substantive justice, and a balance between individual rights and the public interest. The renewal of the RUU KUHAP, in this context, is not merely a structural change, but a journey towards a legal system that guarantees the depth of justice, which is not only seen from a procedural perspective, but also from the moral and social essence of the law itself.

The role of morality in public policy and law enforcement, especially in relation to human trafficking, is increasingly important in the digital era. This article discusses the complexity of these challenges and strategies to prevent human trafficking and protect personal data in Indonesia. A holistic approach is needed, with law enforcement paying attention to the dimensions of morality, integrity and moral courage in policy formulation. In a digital era filled with technological changes, public policy must be able to adapt to these developments while still maintaining strong moral principles. This demands a high degree of integrity from policymakers and law enforcers to not only comply with technical rules, but also ensure that their actions are driven by the desire to create a fair and safe environment for all individuals. The recommended strategies include increasing border patrols to prevent the entry of illegal immigrants, cross-border cooperation to cut off human trafficking routes, strengthening regulations related to personal data protection, and increasing public awareness about data privacy. It is hoped that cooperation between the government, institutions and society can overcome this challenge to safeguard human rights and national security.    

The management of waste retribution in Semarang City has encountered problems with low target achievement of retribution. This can hamper the government's efforts in providing optimal waste management services. This study aims to describe and analyze the management of waste retribution as a reference to plan for increasing the target and realization achievement of waste retribution in Semarang City. This research uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method involving in-depth interviews, data reduction, inductive analysis, data validity, and drawing conclusions, using an administrative theory approach with the principles of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling as a framework for thinking about waste retribution management. The results show that the planning process is not yet optimal, the organization is not yet effective, the direction of fund use is quite effective, and the control is strict but financial reporting needs improvement in transparency and accountability. The suggestions given include increasing socialization and education, forming a special unit to manage retribution, evaluating and adjusting tariffs, increasing transparency in financial reporting, and involving stakeholders in monitoring and evaluation.

Passport services at the Class 1 Non TPI Immigration Office in Pemalang, Central Java are oriented towards public satisfaction by not abandoning the principles of excellent service, which include: simplicity, clarity, certainty of time, accuracy, security, responsibility, completeness of facilities and infrastructure, convenience access, discipline, politeness and friendliness, as well as comfort. As well as having standards, namely: legal basis, requirements, systems, mechanisms, procedures, settlement period, costs/tariffs, service products, facilities and infrastructure, implementing competence, internal supervision, complaint handling , suggestions, input, number of implementers, service guarantees that provide certainty of time, security and safety guarantees, as well as evaluation of implementer performance.The purpose of this research is to evaluate the level of service provided by the Class 1 Non TPI Immigration Office, Pemalang, Central Java in making passports. This research uses observation, documentation and interviews as data collection methods, with a qualitative descriptive approach.The results show that the Central Java Non-TPI Class 1 Immigration Office in Pemalang usually offers competent passport issuance services. This conclusion is based on an assessment of service quality elements such as dependability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and concrete evidence. However, the report also identified a number of challenges, such as staff shortages and a lack of facilities and equipment.The Class 1 Non TPI Immigration Office in Pemalang, Central Java must take a number of steps to improve the quality of its services. These include increasing the number of employees, training to improve human resource capabilities, improving and completing facilities and infrastructure, as well as increasing community collaboration and communication. The office's goal in implementing these changes is to provide services that are faster, easier, and more acceptable to the community.

This research discusses the legal and economic aspects related to Sales and Purchase Agreements in the context of debt settlement. The main focus is the legal analysis of Sales and Purchase Agreements which is based on Debt-Receivable or Money Lending and Borrowing Agreements, as well as its impact on legal certainty and protection for the parties involved. This research also investigates the provisions of Articles 1457 and 1458 of the Civil Code regarding the validity of sale and purchase transactions, as well as the process of transferring land rights through a Deed of Sale and Purchase carried out by the Land Deed Official. The study results show that PPJB is often used as debt collateral, although this practice is not legally valid because Sales and Purchase Agreements and Debt-Receivable Agreements have different concepts and principles. The use of Sales and Purchase Agreements as debt collateral is considered problematic because it violates Article 1320 of the Civil Code which regulates the conditions for the validity of an agreement. This research emphasizes the importance of understanding the differences between sales and purchase agreements and accounts payable to ensure legal clarity and adequate protection for all parties involved in the agreement.    

As stated in Law Number 17 of 2014 concerning the People's Consultative Assembly, the People's Representative Council, the Regional Representative Council and the Regional People's Representative Council, the supervisory function is the authority given and implemented by the DPRD to the regional government in order to supervise the implementation of regional government to ensure that The policies taken are for the welfare and interests of the people. The South Tangerang City Government (Tangsel) is a new autonomous region that was born based on Law no. 51 of 2008 concerning the Establishment of South Tangerang City in Banten Province. During the first three years after its formation, the City of South Tangerang was able to extract local revenue (PAD) which came from legal taxes, levies and other things. In South Tangerang City, regional financial management is regulated by PERDA No. 2/2022 which emphasizes principles such as transparency, efficiency and accountability in the preparation of the APBD. The South Tangerang City DPRD plays a crucial role in supervising, ensuring transparency and accountability in regional financial management.