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Oil production from a reservoir will naturally decrease or even not be able to produce at all. This condition does not necessarily indicate that the oil reserves in the reservoir have run out. If we only rely on primary production methods (primary recovery), it is likely that there is still a lot of oil left in the reservoir, so advanced production methods are needed to be able to drain the oil that is still left in the reservoir. Advanced oil recovery technology or Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) continues to develop to overcome the challenges in increasing oil production from reservoirs that have entered the secondary or tertiary production stage. One method that has attracted attention is Miscible Gas Flooding (MGF), which involves injecting certain gases into the reservoir. This method allows the creation of perfect mixing conditions (miscible) between the injected gas and the oil in the reservoir, thereby increasing the efficiency of oil transfer and maximizing recovery results. This technology is a solution to maximize the potential of oil wells that have experienced decreased productivity. The main principle of Miscible Gas Flooding is to reduce the interfacial tension between oil and gas, and reduce the viscosity of the oil, so that the oil can flow more easily to the production well. Commonly used gases include carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen (N₂), or light hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane. With the right pressure and temperature, these gases can mix homogeneously with oil, resulting in higher displacement efficiency compared to water or immiscible gas injection methods. These advantages make MGF one of the most effective approaches to increase oil well productivity in complex reservoirs. Although promising, the implementation of Miscible Gas Flooding requires careful planning and a comprehensive evaluation of reservoir conditions. Factors such as the minimum pressure to achieve miscibility, the type of gas used, and potential disturbances such as fingering or channeling must be carefully considered. In addition, operational costs and the infrastructure required are also aspects that need to be taken into account.

This study aims to optimize transportation costs at CV Herba Sedunia by applying the Vogel's Approximation Method (VAM). The research data include shipping costs, supply, and demand from two warehouses to five distribution regions: East Java, Central Java, West Java, DIY & Banten, and Outside Java. VAM was employed to determine an efficient initial solution for distributing 1,250 product units, resulting in a total transportation cost of IDR 18,150,000. The shipping allocation was designed based on a combination of the lowest shipping costs and warehouse supply capacity, maximizing distribution efficiency. This study demonstrates that mathematical approaches like VAM can significantly reduce operational costs while providing strategic flexibility to adapt to changes in costs or demand.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Human Resources Division (HR) in managing administration and employee data at PT Prima Perdana Mandiri Sidoarjo. The HR Division has an important role in maintaining the smooth operation of the company through efficient administrative management and structured employee data management. The employee administration management process includes various activities such as recruitment, performance appraisal, attendance management, and employee development. On the other hand, employee data management is done by utilizing information technology, such as Human Resource Information System (HRIS), to store, process, and secure data effectively. The findings of this research show that the system implemented by PT Prima Perdana Mandiri drives the company's operational efficiency, maintains regulatory compliance, and provides a solid foundation for the company's future strategic planning.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on the Net Profit Margin (NPM) of PT Astra International Tbk, listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021–2023 period. This research employs a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the company's annual financial reports. Data analysis techniques include descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation test, and simple linear regression. The results show a negative relationship between DER and NPM, with a correlation coefficient of -0.726, indicating that an increase in DER tends to be followed by a decrease in NPM. However, this relationship is not statistically significant, with a p-value of 0.483. Regression analysis results reveal that DER can only explain 52.7% of the variation in NPM, while the remaining percentage is influenced by other variables outside this research model. Therefore, although capital structure plays a role in influencing profitability, other factors such as operational efficiency and cost management also need to be considered to improve the company's financial performance.

In the era of globalization, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) face increasingly complex challenges, especially in maintaining competitiveness in local and global markets. Digital marketing is one of the key strategies that can help MSMEs take advantage of technological developments to expand market reach, increase interaction with customers, and create a competitive advantage. This study aims to analyze the importance of implementing digital marketing strategies for MSMEs in increasing their competitiveness. The method used involves literature studies and case studies on MSMEs that have successfully implemented digital marketing strategies. The results of the study show that digital marketing strategies, such as the use of social media, search engine optimization (SEO), and data-driven marketing, are able to increase brand visibility, operational efficiency, and customer loyalty. Thus, digital marketing is not only a promotional tool, but also as an innovative solution to support the growth of MSMEs in the digital era. The adoption of this strategy requires adequate knowledge, skills, and technological adaptation so that MSMEs can survive and thrive in the midst of global competition.

This study aims to analyze the role of Human Resource Development (HRD) in enhancing productivity and profitability at PT Sentralsari Primasentosa. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation reviews related to the company’s HRD policies and strategies. The results indicate that optimizing the role of HRD through technical training, strengthening interpersonal relationships, effective recruitment, and fostering a productive work culture significantly impacts employee productivity. Increased productivity contributes to operational efficiency and employee satisfaction, ultimately supporting the company's profitability. This study recommends strengthening sustainable training programs, implementing HR technology, and leadership development to ensure the company’s continued performance.

The growing complexity of maritime operations demands deck officers with advanced competencies and a strong understanding of sustainability principles. This study addresses critical gaps in maritime vocational education by exploring the effectiveness of current training programs, the integration of sustainability, and the role of technology-driven approaches. While previous research has focused on technical skills aligned with STCW standards, limited attention has been paid to leadership, communication, and environmental education. The research sought to answer how maritime training can be enhanced to address these gaps. Using a systematic literature review and qualitative analysis of insights from maritime professionals, educators, and graduates, the study synthesized theoretical frameworks with real-world experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, analyzed using thematic coding, and triangulated with findings from the literature review. The results demonstrate strong technical training aligned with STCW standards but reveal fragmented sustainability integration and inadequate leadership preparation. Simulation-based training was identified as highly effective, though it requires support from mentorship and real-world experiences. The findings provide actionable recommendations for enhancing curricula, fostering industry-academic partnerships, and refining policies to better prepare deck officers for modern maritime challenges. This research offers a practical roadmap for transforming maritime education, ensuring safety, operational efficiency, and sustainability in global maritime operations.

Green Management has become an important strategy for companies to face environmental challenges while increasing competitiveness in the global market. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Green Management as a strategic approach in increasing the company's competitive advantage. The research method used is a literature review of various relevant previous studies, including the concept of Green Management, its impact on operational efficiency, product innovation, and corporate image. The results of the analysis show that the adoption of Green Management contributes significantly to reducing operational costs through energy efficiency and waste management. In addition, companies that implement sustainable practices succeed in creating added value for consumers, increasing customer loyalty, and strengthening market positions. This study also identifies several challenges, including initial implementation costs and organizational resistance, which can be overcome through government policy support and increasing environmental awareness among stakeholders. Thus, Green Management not only supports environmental sustainability goals but also provides strategic advantages for companies in the long term.

The energy transition era initiated by the Indonesian government through strategic policies such as the National Energy Plan (Rencana Umum Energi Nasional or RUEN) and the 2060 Net Zero Emission target has significantly impacted the sustainability of the oil and gas (O&G) industry. These policies encourage the industry to adopt low-carbon technologies, diversify energy portfolios, and enhance operational efficiency. Major oil and gas companies such as Pertamina and MedcoEnergi have started transforming their operations by investing in renewable energy projects such as bioenergy, solar power, and hydrogen initiatives. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology has also emerged as a key solution to reduce emissions from O&G operations.However, this transition faces significant challenges, including high investment requirements, regulatory uncertainty, and competition from renewable energy. Despite these obstacles, government policies have proven effective in driving innovation and accelerating the integration of the oil and gas industry into a low- carbon economy[1]. This article aims to analyze the impact of government policies on the sustainability of Indonesia's oil and gas industry and provide insights into the strategic role of the sector in supporting the national energy transition..

This study explores the marketing strategies used by traders in Pasar Besar, Pasuruan City in dealing with changes in consumer behavior in the digital era. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, involving traders representing various types of products and marketing methods. Analysis was conducted qualitatively to explore key themes and quantitatively to identify patterns and trends. The results show that traditional marketing (direct selling) is still relevant because direct interaction creates emotional connections and increases buyer loyalty. However, this approach faces challenges due to the shift in buyer preferences to online shopping. Meanwhile, online marketing offers wider market reach, cost efficiency, and time flexibility, although its success is highly dependent on promotional capabilities and delivery management. The combination of traditional and online strategies has proven effective in reaching various buyer segments, providing significant sales increases. This approach requires careful planning to optimize the benefits of both methods without increasing operational costs. By understanding market needs and adjusting strategies, traders can maximize the potential of both approaches to achieve success amidst changing times.

Toko Ulin Utama is a building materials store located in Kandangan Hulu, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, South Kalimantan. Along with the development of this region, the demand for building materials continues to increase, in line with the growth of infrastructure and the property sector. This condition makes Toko Ulin Utama one of the key suppliers that plays an important role in supporting development activities in the area. This study focuses on two main aspects: management and marketing. In terms of management, the focus is on how the store manages human resources, organizes its structure, and improves operational efficiency. Meanwhile, in terms of marketing, this research discusses promotion strategies, market segmentation, consumer behavior, and the store's competitiveness in the local market. The data for this research was obtained through direct interviews with the store owner and manager, providing in-depth information about the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges faced by the store in its operations. The concept guiding this study is the business feasibility study, which explores various aspects such as market, marketing, and management. The results of this study are expected to provide a clear picture of the operational feasibility of Toko Ulin Utama, while also serving as a guide to developing more effective and sustainable business strategies. With the increasing demand for building materials driven by the development of infrastructure and the property sector in the area, the findings of this study are expected to help the store take advantage of market opportunities and better address existing challenges.

The main focus of this research is to examine data storage efficiency methods, algorithm scheduling, and resource usage optimization techniques. This research uses literature study methods and simulation experiments to analyze system performance. The research results show that storage management methods based on deduplication and data compression have significant efficiency in reducing storage space requirements. The implications of this research include improving cloud system performance and reducing operational costs.

Lean Management is a method that emphasizes reducing waste and increasing added value in healthcare service processes. Through a systematic literature review, this study identifies various aspects of Lean implementation in hospitals, such as reducing patient waiting times, optimizing resource utilization, and improving patient satisfaction. The findings reveal that Lean Management implementation not only supports operational efficiency but also enhances service quality and patient experience. The success of this method heavily depends on management support, active staff involvement, and adequate training. This study also highlights challenges such as resistance to change and budget constraints. These findings have significant implications for hospital managers and policymakers in formulating strategies to improve healthcare service effectiveness. Recommendations for future research include empirical studies examining Lean implementation in various hospital contexts, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to explore and analyze strategies for improving hospital operational efficiency through the Lean Management approach.

Digitalization has become a transformative force reshaping how organizations innovate and sustain competitive advantages in an interconnected global economy. This study explores the intricate relationship between business digitalization, innovation capabilities, and sustainability outcomes. Employing a comprehensive literature review, it examines how digital transformation fosters innovative practices and supports sustainable business models. Key findings reveal that integrating digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, IoT, and blockchain, significantly enhances innovation capacity by accelerating product development cycles, improving decision-making precision, and fostering collaborative innovation ecosystems. Moreover, digitalization optimizes resource utilization, minimizes environmental impact, and strengthens stakeholder engagement, contributing to measurable economic, environmental, and social sustainability outcomes. The synergy between digital transformation and sustainability initiatives provides organizations with strategic advantages, including improved operational efficiency, customer loyalty, and competitive positioning. However, challenges such as implementation barriers, balancing digital-sustainable priorities, and managing unintended environmental impacts persist. Future research should focus on empirical validation, industry-specific applications, and longitudinal studies to further elucidate the pathways through which digitalization supports sustainable innovation and long-term business resilience. This study underscores the imperative for organizations to strategically align digital transformation with sustainability objectives, ensuring their future success in a rapidly evolving business environment.