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(MMR) refers to the number of deaths of women that occur during the pregnancy period or within 42 days after delivery. According to WHO in (2022) MMR is an indicator that states the number of maternal deaths for 303,000 per 100.000 live births, According to the Brebes health office (2022) MMR 177.94/ 100.000 live birth, IMR 197 cases. According to data obtained from the Sirampog Health Center daring 2022, the maternal mortality rate was recorded at one case, and eleven infant dealths. The study aims to provide comprehensive midwifery care to patients with a history of cesarean section, using a qualitative descriptive case study approach. Based on integrate midwifery care carried out on patients who had a history of cesarean section, the results were obtained, namely Mrs. Saya’s pregnancy with an indication of CPD as well as high blood pressure and ureine protein approaching positive one. Delivery was carried out by secarean section as an effort to prevent complications in the mother anda baby. During the neonatal care period up to 28 days of age, no abdormalities or problems were found. During the postpartum period up to 42 days, on problem or complications were found. Mrs. I  chose to use an IUD as a contraceptive.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is characterized by a thick, mycolic acid–rich cell wall that confers hydrophobicity, chemical resistance, and environmental stability, making cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors a major therapeutic target. Tuberculosis is not only a medical condition but also a social disease linked to high population density, malnutrition, and limited healthcare access. In 2023, Kedaton District was identified as the most densely populated area in Bandar Lampung, increasing the likelihood of pulmonary TB smear-positive (TB.Paru BTA+) transmission. Aerosol spread is highly distance-dependent: direct exposure within 0–1 meter poses very high risk, and WHO reports indicate that exposure <1 meter for ≥15 minutes in enclosed spaces significantly elevates infection risk, extending up to 5–10 meters without ventilation. This study employed spatial analysis to measure inter-household distances among 75 TB.Paru BTA(+) patients using Euclidean distance and smartphone-based field surveys. The method proved suitable for small-scale studies with high data accuracy, though resource-intensive for larger populations. Findings revealed some households only 3 meters apart, but this observation was not yet statistically significant to confirm transmission dynamics.

Bullying is a serious problem that negatively affects students’ mental health, self-esteem, and academic achievement. Resilience functions as a protective factor that enables victims of bullying to remain adaptive despite adverse experiences. Peer support has been shown to enhance self-confidence, social competence, and psychological resilience among adolescents. This community service program aimed to strengthen students’ resilience through peer support training at SMP Negeri  Semarang in July 2025. A total of 18 students identified by school counselors as bullying victims participated in three training sessions: (1) education on bullying and resilience, (2) resilience skills training including emotional regulation, problem solving, and positive thinking, and (3) peer support group formation. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) was used to measure resilience before and after the intervention. Findings indicated an increase in average resilience scores from 21.6 to 29.6, representing a 37% improvement. Qualitative observations revealed enhanced self-confidence, improved emotional regulation, and stronger social support from peers. These results demonstrate that peer support-based resilience training is effective in improving students’ psychological adaptability. The intervention can serve as a school-based psychosocial strategy to foster mental well-being among adolescents, particularly those who have experienced bullying.

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that grows in the cervix caused by infection with the Human Papilloma Virus, acquired through sexual intercourse. Indonesia ranks 8th in the highest incidence of cancer in Southeast Asia, the highest prevalence of cancer is Yogyakarta Province where Sleman Regency ranks the highest IVA positive at 2.5% and Halis IVA at the Pakem Health Center is suspected of cervical cancer reaching 13 out of 22 positive IVA results. This achievement is still very low, because there is still low public awareness to carry out early detection of cervical cancer. To determine the relationship between attitude and behavior for early detection of cervical cancer. Quantitative research with a Case Control approach. A sample of 160 women with a proportional sampling technique. Data collection was in the form of filling out questionnaires online using Google Forms with chi square test data analysis and logistic regression. There was a relationship between positive attitude p-value=0.017 and OR of 3.462, women aged >35 years p- value=0.038, multipara parity p-value=0.007, with early detection behavior of cervical cancer. Parity provided a great chance of 7,038 times that women performed early detection behaviors of cervical cancer (CT 95%= 0.187-264,350). To improve early detection examinations, health workers can design health education and promotion models, increase educational socialization to cadres, the public and the community continuously and sustainably.

Background: Ischemic stroke is an acquired brain injury caused by blockage of blood vessels or inadequate blood supply resulting in infarction or hemorrhage in the brain parenchyma. Stroke is ranked as the second leading cause of death in the world and is the largest contributor to disability, resulting in a significant economic burden. The problem that often arises in ischemic stroke patients is the presence of a problem in the limbs so that the individual's ability to move cannot be free and limited which is commonly referred to as the problem of physical mobility disorders. Ischemic stroke is part of cardiovascular disease which is classified as a catastrophic disease because it has a wide economic and social impact. Ischemic stroke can cause permanent disability which can certainly affect the productivity of the sufferer. Purpose: Knowing the results of the application of Range Of Motion (ROM) exercises on the patient's muscle strength. Methods: Using case studies and subjects by collecting data from interviews and observations on Ischemic Stroke patients with nursing problems of Physical Mobility Disorders. Results: after carrying out Range Of Motion (ROM) therapy nursing actions on a routine schedule twice a day morning and evening for 6 days with 15-20 minutes, it was found that there was an increase in muscle to 4 5 4 5. Conclusion: there is an increase in muscle strength in Ischemic Stroke patients after Range Of Motion (ROM) therapy.

Learning style theories have long been used to understand individual differences in learning processes. Models such as VAK (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic) and Multiple Intelligences offer frameworks for adapting instructional strategies to students’ preferences. However, these approaches have been criticized for their reductionism and limited empirical validity, often neglecting the holistic nature of human learning. In contrast, the Islamic concept of fitrah provides a more comprehensive perspective, encompassing intellectual, spiritual, moral, and emotional dimensions in an integrated manner. This conceptual article aims to analyze and integrate Western learning style theories with Islamic perspectives to develop a more holistic learning paradigm. Through an extensive literature review and theoretical analysis, the article proposes an integrative model that bridges empirical approaches with spiritual values. Theoretically, this integration enriches academic discourse by connecting two distinct knowledge traditions. Practically, it offers a framework for educators and institutions to design adaptive learning processes that address learner diversity while fostering spiritual and moral development.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menentukan efektivitas pengelolaan persediaan peralatan rumah tangga pada PT. Star Cosmos Cabang Semarang. Masalah utama yang dihadapi perusahaan adalah stockout berulang pada produk unggulan yang menyebabkan hilangnya penjualan dan menyebabkan konsumen ke pesaing. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka, wawancara, dokumentasi, serta triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas pengelolaan persediaan dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor utama, yaitu fluktuasi permintaan, sistem informasi akuntansi, dan risiko kerusakan produk. Fluktuasi permintaan timbul akibat variasi musiman, promosi kompetitor, serta daya beli masyarakat. Sistem informasi akuntansi berbasis SAP/WMS mendukung pelacakan inventaris secara real time , namun masih mengalami kendala jaringan dan kesalahan input data. Risiko kerusakan produk muncul karena serangan rayap pada kemasan karton serta kondisi gudang yang kurang memadai. Kendala yang dibahas menjadi arsitektur, teknis, dan operasional. Kendala struktural meliputi koordinasi dengan pusat pabrik dan keterbatasan SDM. Kendala teknis terkait ketidakstabilan sistem dan kesalahan input data, sedangkan kendala operasional meliputi stockout , kerusakan barang, keterbatasan alat, dan lemahnya koordinasi internal. Upaya perbaikan dilakukan melalui penerapan FIFO, peningkatan sistem informasi, program pengendalian hama, serta penguatan komunikasi lintas divisi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas pengelolaan persediaan masih perlu ditingkatkan melalui proyeksi permintaan yang akurat, penguatan infrastruktur teknologi, serta penerapan manajemen risiko yang komprehensif

Stroke is a major neurological disease that occurs in adults and the elderly, based on the high number of emergencies and the main cause of disability and death. The most common disorder in stroke is weakness or deficits in the musculoskeletal system such as parese or plegia. These conditions will cause various disorders in patients such as decreased muscle tone and strength, muscle weakness which if not treated immediately will lead to contractures, which ultimately cause impaired mobilization. Impaired fulfillment of daily activities and disability. Nursing actions to overcome physical mobility disorders are muscle strengthening exercises, especially in the upper extremities by holding a rubber ball. Purpose:  Help solve the problem of physical mobility disorders to increase muscle strength in stroke patients with rubber ball grasping exercises. Methods: By collecting data from interviews and observations using case studies and subjects in stroke patients with nursing problems. Results:  After performing the exercise of grasping a rubber ball for 2 times in 7 days there is an increase in muscle strength with a muscle strength value of 1/5 to 3/5. Conclusion: The action of grasping rubber ball exercises can increase muscle strength to overcome physical mobility disorders in stroke patients

The digitalization of learning media in the world of education is increasingly visible. The aim of this research is to analyze the strengthening of Citizenship Education learning through learning media. This research uses a qualitative research method with a literature study approach. Citizenship education is an important thing to study in order to understand how citizens carry out their roles, rights and responsibilities for the country. There are various studies that have proven the effectiveness of several learning media for PPKn, including Powtoon, Anchor Podcast, Android Applications, and Roleplay.

Human life is highly dependent on a balanced relationship with both the natural and social environment. However, environmental degradation caused by human greed, uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources, and unsustainable consumption patterns has led to widespread ecological crises across various parts of the world. This study aims to examine in depth how ecological values embedded in Buddhist teachings can foster strong environmental awareness, particularly among Buddhist communities. Using a qualitative literature review method, the study systematically analyzes various textual sources, including Buddhist scriptures, classical literature, and contemporary ecological literature. The findings indicate that Buddhist teachings, which emphasize the principles of interdependence, moral ethics, mindfulness, and respect for all living beings, can cultivate attitudes of care and responsibility toward the environment when these values are consistently integrated into education from an early age, both within families, schools, monasteries, and the broader community. This study makes a significant contribution to the discourse on religion-based ecological ethics by positioning Buddhist ecology as a conceptual framework for the sustainable and profound transformation of ecological consciousness.

Pregnancy is a physiological condition that causes physical and psychological changes, one of which is nausea and vomiting (emesis gravidarum), which often occurs in the first trimester. If left untreated, this condition can lead to nutritional disorders, dehydration, weight loss, and impact the health of the mother and fetus. Management can be carried out with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, one of which is lemon aromatherapy, which is known to have a relaxing and refreshing effect and help reduce nausea symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of lemon aromatherapy in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester at the Bies Community Health Center, Bies District, Central Aceh Regency in 2022. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design for pregnant women in the first trimester. Thirty respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used an observation sheet, and data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that before the intervention, the majority of respondents experienced severe nausea (53.3%) and moderate vomiting (50%). After receiving lemon aromatherapy, the majority of respondents experienced mild nausea (90%) and mild vomiting (93.3%). The statistical test results showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between before and after the intervention. The conclusion of this study is that lemon aromatherapy is effective in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester. Lemon aromatherapy can be recommended as a safe, simple, and easy-to-implement non-pharmacological therapy alternative for treating emesis gravidarum.

This study aims to examine the implementation of librarians' personal competencies within the framework of the 4B concept (Beauty, Brain, Behaviour, Brave) at the Regional Library of Tulungagung Regency. The 4B concept was initially popularized in the pageant world but has since evolved into an approach applicable to service-oriented professions, including librarianship. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using in-depth interviews with three informants: the Head of the Library and Archives Service and two female librarians who also serve as division heads. The findings indicate that each element of the 4B concept is evidently manifested in the personal competencies of female librarians. The beauty aspect reflects not only physical appearance but also personal integrity and efforts to create an appealing service environment. Brain is demonstrated through mastery of knowledge and librarianship skills. Behaviour is reflected in professional attitudes, empathy, and work ethics in service interactions. Meanwhile, brave is embodied in the courage of female librarians to take on strategic roles, lead innovations, and face challenges in the public sphere. These findings reinforce the perspective that female librarians possess capabilities equal to their male counterparts in terms of professionalism and play an active role in challenging gender stereotypes in the library environment. This research contributes to the development of a humanistic and gender-equality-based librarian competency model.

Several things contribute to the rise in Indonesia's Maternal Mortality Rate (AKI), one of which is how moms behave and think while they are pregnant. If pregnant women don't follow the recommended schedule for antenatal care (ANC) exams, a number of pregnancy issues may go unnoticed at an early stage, which may have an impact on the pregnancy process, childbirth, the postpartum period, and the health of the child being born. As a result, midwife visits play a key role in improving pregnant women's adherence to ANC tests via education, mentorship, and close supervision. The goal of this study is to assess the impact of midwife appointments on pregnant women's adherence to ANC exams at the Rumbalibunga Tidore Health Center UPT. With a cross-sectional research design, this study employs a quantitative methodology. This research focuses on 66 pregnant women who are enrolled in the Rumbalibungan Health Center UPT's working area in Tidore. Total sampling, which utilizes the entire population as a research sample, is the method employed. The chi-square test was used in bivariate analysis to investigate the impact of midwife visits on antenatal care (ANC) examination compliance, while univariate analysis was performed to describe the frequency and percentage distribution of each variable. The majority of participants, or 51.5%, had not followed the recommended antenatal care (ANC) exams, according to the data. After a midwife's visit to the home, which served as an intervention, there was an increase in the compliance of pregnant women in having ANC tests. The chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.021 (p < 0.05) in the statistical analysis, indicating that the midwife's home visit has a substantial impact on adherence to the ANC examination. According to the study's findings, the UPT Puskesmas may enhance its coaching operations to the community by providing frequent home visits and health education, particularly to expectant mothers and women of reproductive age. The instruction covers pregnancy preparation, the value of antenatal care (ANC) exams, the optimum time to begin pregnancy exams, and the timeline for follow-up exams. Consequently, it is hoped that pregnant women will adhere to the service standards established for pregnancy tests, which call for at least four tests throughout the course of the pregnancy.

Back pain is a common complaint among pregnant women, especially in the third trimester, caused by hormonal changes, uterine enlargement, and poor postural balance. If untreated, this pain can disrupt sleep quality and daily activities. The pelvic tilt technique, a non-pharmacological intervention, strengthens abdominal and pelvic muscles, maintains posture, and relieves back pain. This study examined the effect of the pelvic tilt technique on back pain intensity in third-trimester pregnant women at Karangdoro Public Health Center. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The population consisted of all third-trimester pregnant women with physiological back pain (without comorbid conditions or a history of premature rupture of membranes). Using a total sampling technique, 34 respondents were included. The intervention was conducted for seven consecutive days. Data collection employed observation sheets and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test because the normality test yielded p < 0.05. Statistical results showed p = 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating that the pelvic tilt technique significantly reduced back pain intensity. These findings suggest that pelvic tilt exercises can serve as a safe, simple, and effective non-pharmacological alternative therapy to alleviate bapain in third-trimester pregnant women.

This article analyzes language errors in essays written by high school students and published on the Mojok.co website in the March 2025 edition. It employs a descriptive qualitative approach with purposive sampling. Five essays were selected based on topic relevance and language difficulty levels appropriate for high school students. The analysis reveals language errors in four main categories: spelling, grammar, diction, and punctuation. Spelling errors are the most frequent, involving incorrect word forms that deviate from standard Indonesian spelling conventions, such as improper capitalization and the use of numerals where they are inappropriate. Grammar errors include issues in sentence structure, particularly in the incorrect placement of subjects and predicates. Diction errors often involve the use of inaccurate or informal vocabulary, while punctuation errors are evident in the misuse or misplacement of commas and periods. These findings suggest that students’ language proficiency in essay writing still requires improvement. To enhance their skills, the following recommendations are proposed: increasing students’ understanding of spelling, grammar, diction, and punctuation based on the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling; providing structured and continuous writing practice; incorporating technology such as spell checkers and grammar tools; and fostering an understanding of language variations, especially the differences between spoken and written language. Improving students’ writing skills is essential, as language errors can impede effective communication and undermine a writer’s credibility. This article aims to serve as a reference for both teachers and students in recognizing common writing errors and enhancing the overall quality of student essays.

Introduction: Back pain during pregnancy is a problem that is often experienced by pregnant women and is complex because it involves not only physical changes, but also psychological aspects. Changes in body biomechanics, weight gain, and shifting of the center of gravity due to uterine enlargement are the main factors that trigger pain complaints, especially in the lower back area. This condition can have a negative impact on the quality of life of pregnant women, interfere with daily activities, and even worsen emotional states due to the emergence of anxiety, fear, and stress if not managed properly. Treatment of back pain in pregnant women can be done through safe non-pharmacological methods, one of which is prenatal yoga. Yoga practice for pregnant women has been proven to provide benefits in the form of relaxation, posture improvement, and increased muscle elasticity. One of the effective movements is the Angry Cat Pose because it is able to stretch the back muscles, improve blood circulation, and reduce pressure on the lower spine. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect  of Angry Cat Pose  exercise on the intensity of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 31 pregnant women in the third trimester with complaints of back pain who visited the Gunungpati Health Center. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire, while the data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of <0.05. Results: The results showed a significant effect of the Angry Cat Pose  exercise on the reduction of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester with p=0.000. After the intervention, the majority of respondents experienced a decrease in pain to the mild category on a scale of 1–3. Conclusion: The Angry Cat Pose  exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing back pain in third trimester pregnant women, so it can be recommended as a safe, simple, and routine nonpharmacological intervention under the supervision of health workers.

This study aims to determine the effect of knowledge sharing, personal knowledge, and work procedures on employee performance in Tanjungtirto 1 Public Elementary School. The background of this study is based on the importance of human resource quality in supporting organizational effectiveness, especially in elementary education institutions. The study population was all employees at Tanjungtirto 1 Public Elementary School with data collection using quantitative methods through questionnaires. The data obtained were then analyzed with the help of SPSS software through multiple linear regression tests to test the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results showed that knowledge sharing did not have a significant effect on employee performance, as well as personal knowledge which also did not have a direct effect on performance. In contrast, work procedures were proven to have a positive and significant effect on improving employee performance. In addition, simultaneously knowledge sharing, personal knowledge, and work procedures together had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. This finding means that the existence of clear and structured work procedures has an important role in increasing work effectiveness, while knowledge sharing and personal knowledge require the support of a more focused management system to provide optimal contributions to employee performance in elementary school environments.

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the diseases that frequently affects children under five years old and is a major cause of high disease rates in Indonesia. In the working area of the Bukit Hindu Health Center in Palangka Raya, cases of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in toddlers tend to increase every year. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between family roles and their attitudes in preventing Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in children under five years old. The study aimed to determine the relationship between family roles and attitudes in preventing ARI in children under five years old within the working area of the Bukit Hindu Palangka Raya Public Health Center. This research is quantitative research with a correlational design and a cross-sectional approach. Samples were taken from 40 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed with the Spearman Rank statistical test. The research results showed that most respondents had a good family role and attitude toward preventing ARI. The results of the Spearman Rank test showed a significance value of p = <0.001 and a correlation coefficient value of 0.941*, indicating a very strong relationship between family role and attitudes in efforts to prevent ARI in toddlers. There is a significant relationship between family roles and attitudes in the effort to prevent ARI in toddlers within the working area of the Bukit Hindu Health Center Palangka Raya.

This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy, self-control, parental influence, peer influence, and income on students’ saving behavior in the Economic Education Study Program at Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban for the 2021–2024 cohort. A quantitative approach with an associative research design was applied. The population consisted of 173 students, and the sample was determined using Slovin’s formula with a total of 64 respondents. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS, including classical assumption tests. The results reveal that financial literacy, parental influence, and income have a significant positive effect on saving behavior, while self-control and peer influence have a significant negative effect. The coefficient of determination (R²) is 0.724, indicating that 72.4% of the variation in students’ saving behavior can be explained by the independent variables, while the remaining 27.6% is influenced by other factors outside the model. These findings highlight that students’ saving behavior is shaped by the interplay of cognitive, psychological, social, and economic factors.

An Anthology of Opinions Towards a Healthy Indonesia and Optimal State Revenue through Tobacco Excise Policy Reform contains ideas related to tobacco excise policy in supporting public health and optimizing state revenue. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of sentences in a collection of opinion pieces about a healthy Indonesia and optimal state revenue through tobacco excise policy reform. In conducting the research, the authors used a methodological approach in the form of a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection with this method is done using reading and recording techniques. This research uses text analysis techniques with a qualitative descriptive analysis approach as a data analysis technique. Based on the analysis that has been carried out on Bunga Rampai Collection of Opinions Towards a Healthy Indonesia and Optimal Revenue through Tobacco Excise Policy Reform, 11 effective sentences have been found. Meanwhile, errors related to EYD and KBBI were also found with details in the form of 16 ineffective sentences, 31 ambiguous sentences, 5 sentences with capitalization errors, 12 sentences with nonstandard words, and 18 sentences with other types of errors. In addition to being used as a reference for analyzing sentence effectiveness, this research is also useful for enriching the study of tobacco excise policy communication, especially for RPJM 2025-2029 policymakers. In addition, this research can also be used as a reference for further research related to sentence effectiveness.