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Sleep disturbances in infants can cause significant physiological and psychological impacts, such as decreased immune function, impaired cognitive development, and an increased risk of emotional problems (Tanty & Pramesti, 2023). Poor sleep not only inhibits physical growth but also affects infants’ mental development, including attention disorders, anxiety, and low cognitive abilities (Hendri & Sari, 2021). Therefore, it is important to provide effective interventions to improve infants’ sleep quality. This study aimed to determine the effect of baby massage on infant sleep quality at BPM Aida Nospita, Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2025. This research employed a quasi-experimental method with a pretest–posttest design using an experimental group and a control group, also known as a pretest–posttest with control group design, which is a form of quasi-experimental research design. The population of this study consisted of all infants aged 3–6 months at BPM Aida Nospita, Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, totaling 32 infants, with 16 infants in the experimental group and 16 infants in the control group. The results of the statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed a significant probability value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). This indicates that the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H₁) was accepted, meaning that baby massage had a significant effect on sleep quality among infants at BPM Aida Nospita, Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2025.

Physical activity is essential for optimizing human health. According to the WHO, more than a quarter of the world's adult population (1.4 billion people) is inactive in physical activity, and this figure increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inactivity is one of the risk factors causing NCDs. According to the Ministry of Health, NCDs cause the deaths of 41 million people (71% of global deaths) every year, and physically active has been shown to reduce the incidence of NCDs and can increase body muscle mass as an indicator. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between work, gender, age, and physical activity with muscle mass in the people of Uteunkot Village, Lhokseumawe.This non- experimental study used a cross-sectional approach with a total sample of 94 samples obtained by the accidental sampling technique. Physical activity data were obtained with the 2003 IPAQ questionnaire, and the percentage of muscle mass was measured using the Tanita BC-730 scale. The results showed that the majority of respondents between the ages of 17-25, working as Civil Servants/BUMN/ BUMD, doing moderate physical activity, have a normal percentage of muscle mass, while women have low muscle mass. The conclusion of this study is that there has been no proven relationship between physical activity and muscle mass, However, a significant relationship with a strong correlation was found between sex and muscle mass in the people of Uteunkot Village, Lhokseumawe.

Continuity of care in midwifery is a series of continuous and comprehensive service activities ranging from pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, newborn services and family planning services that connect women's health needs, especially and the personal circumstances of each individual. Comprehensive care is an examination that is carried out in complete with simple laboratory examinations and counseling. Comprehensive midwifery care includes places for continuous examination activities, including pregnancy midwifery care, childbirth midwifery care, postpartum midwifery care and newborn midwifery care and birth control acceptors. Pregnancy care prioritizes continuity of care is very important for women to get services from the same professional or from a small team of professionals, because that way the development of their condition will be monitored at all times and they will also become trusting and open because they feel that they already know the caregiver. The type of research used is descriptive, with a case study (Case Study), the sample used is Mrs. AS. After taking care of her, she has provided comprehensive obstetric care starting from pregnant women, childbirth, postpartum, babies and the results are normal pregnancy, normal childbirth, normal babies, and up to family planning. There is no gap between theory and case in the Comprehensive Midwifery Care for Mrs. AS and By.Mrs. AS in Kandangan Village.

International humanitarian law (HHI) aims to protect individuals who are not involved in armed conflict, including children who are often victims or even perpetrators of warfare. The phenomenon of recruitment of child soldiers, although prohibited in various international legal instruments, but still takes place in a number of countries in conflict. This research discusses the legal implications for parties that violate the provisions regarding the recruitment of child soldiers, focusing on the provisions in the Rome Statute that classify the recruitment of child soldiers as a war crime. In addition, it analyses the underlying causes of the armed conflict in Sudan and how international accountability mechanisms can be optimised to prosecute perpetrators of crimes against children. In addition, it identifies opportunities and constraints in realising justice for child victims of armed conflict, as well as the importance of international cooperation in providing protection and rehabilitation for them. It is hoped that the findings will provide further insight into the challenges and efforts needed to protect children's rights in the midst of war and the importance of international law enforcement to prevent the exploitation of children in armed conflict.

Hemodialysis (HD) is the main therapy for end-stage chronic kidney failure (CKF) patients. Various factors, including age and gender, influence HD patients' quality of life (QoL). Studies on the relationship between these two factors and the QoL of HD patients in the RI-RDTL border area are still limited. This study aims to analyze the relationship between age and gender and HD patients' quality of life at Mgr. Gabriel Manek Hospital, SVD Atambua. This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 50 HD patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. QoL was measured using the WHOQoL instrument, and data were analyzed using the chi-square statistical test. The results showed no significant relationship between age and the quality of life of HD patients (p = 0.245). In addition, gender also had no significant relationship with the quality of life of HD patients (p = 0.643). Age and gender were not significantly related to the quality of life of HD patients. Other more influential factors need to be studied further to improve the quality of life of HD patients.

Giving probiotics such as probiotic boster on feed greatly helps the growth of absolute weight in Catfish seeds because the good bacteria contained in these probiotics help facilitate catfish seeds in digesting the feed so as to increase the efficiency of the feed. This study aims to see how effective the probiotic administration is. The study was conducted in Kramas District, Gianyar regency, Bali Province for 30 days using experimental methods, using a complete randomized design with a total of 4 treatments and 6 repetitions. Treatment A is by giving 3 ml of probiotic boster every 1 kg of feed. Treatment B by giving 5 ml probiotic boster every 1 kg of feed. Treatment C by giving 7 ml probiotic boster every 1 kg of feed. Treatment D by giving 9 ml probiotic boster every 1 kg of feed. In this study showed significantly different results on the addition of probiotic boster with different doses on the growth of absolute weight of catfish fry aged 1 month-2 months. Treatment D gave the highest result with an absolute weight gain of 55.33 grams, and treatment a showed the lowest result with an absolute weight gain of 25.17 grams. Water quality Data during the study obtained water temperature ranges from 27-29 oC, acidity ranges from 7-8, and dissolved oxygen ranges from 3.34 to 4.26 ppm. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the three parameters of water quality there is no difference between the treatment and the life range of catfish fry (Clarias sp.)

Pearl catfish (Clarias gariepinus) has advantages when cultivated, namely fast growth, efficient feed, has a uniform size and is resistant to disease (Matasina and Sartika, 2020). The success of a fish farming business can be determined by its feeding management, because feed that is consumed effectively by fish can make fish experience good growth (Hanief, et.al, 2014).The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of natural feeding of Daphnia magna and silk worms on the absolute weight growth of pearl catfish (Clarias gariepinus) seeds aged 5 days. The method used is an experimental method that aims to determine the effect of feeding Daphnia sp and silk worms on the absolute weight growth of pearl catfish seeds (Clarias gariepinus) aged 5 days in a controlled environment. This study was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 (three) treatments and each consisting of 9 (nine) repetitions, thus there were 27 experimental units. Treatment A 100% silk worm (control), treatment B: 100% Daphnia sp and treatment C 50% Daphnia sp and 50% silk worm. The parameter observed was absolute weight growth. The results showed that the highest absolute weight growth was obtained from treatment A at 1.22 g, then treatment C at 0.76 g and the lowest was treatment B at 0.33 g. Based on the LSD further test, all feed treatments had significant differences on the absolute weight of fish fry. Based on the LSD further test as a whole shows that all feed treatments have significant differences on the absolute weight of fish seeds.

Pregnancy anemia is a medical condition that occurs when a pregnant woman experiences a lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin in her blood during pregnancy. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and returning carbon dioxide to the lungs to be released. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge, age, education and nutritional status with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in Soppeng district in 2024. The study design used Cross Sectional. Pregnant women at La Temmamala Hospital were 50 people. Based on the results of the Chi-square statistical test, the p Value = 0.273> α = 0.05 was obtained, so H0 was accepted and Ha was rejected, thus it can be concluded that there is no relationship between knowledge and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at La Temmamala Hospital, Soppeng Regency. Based on the results of the Fisher's Exact Test statistical test, the p Value = 1,000 > α = 0.05 was obtained, so H0 was accepted and Ha was rejected, thus it can be concluded that there is no relationship between age and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at La Temmamala Hospital, Soppeng Regency. Based on the results of the Fisher's Exact Test statistical test, the p Value = 1,000 > α = 0.05 was obtained, so H0 was accepted and Ha was rejected, thus it can be concluded that there is no relationship between age and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at La Temmamala Hospital, Soppeng Regency.m Based on the results of the Chi-square statistical test, the p Value = 0.000 <α = 0.05 was obtained, so H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at La Temmamala Hospital, Soppeng Regency. For the author as information on the importance of mother's knowledge about For the author as information on the importance of mother's knowledge about the importance of ANC examination. For the government in general to optimize the dissemination of information about the importance of conducting pregnancy examinations

Underage marriage is a significant issue in various regions in Indonesia, including Owata Village, Bulango Ulu Subdistrict, Bone Bolango Regency. This study aims to examine the implementation of underage marriage from a juridical and sociological perspective. A qualitative approach with descriptive methods was used to understand the social, cultural, economic and educational factors that influence the phenomenon. The results show that the main factors that encourage early marriage include deep-rooted social norms and traditions, economic pressure, low access to education, and lack of understanding of the legal and health impacts. This practice often contradicts Law No. 16/2019, which sets the minimum age of marriage at 19 years. The consequences of underage marriage include negative impacts on reproductive health, increased risk of domestic violence, and barriers to education and careers. Therefore, comprehensive efforts through community education, economic empowerment, increased legal socialization, and more effective supervision are needed to reduce the practice of early marriage and protect children's rights. This research emphasizes the importance of synergy between the community, legal apparatus, and government to provide sustainable solutions.

The purpose of this study is to find out about the legalization of underage engagement from the perspective of civil law in Indonesia. The type of research used in compiling this study is normative legal research by taking an approach that includes community legal norms and forms of legal norms contained in laws and court decisions. Furthermore, by conducting a hierarchical analysis of the synchronization between one rule and another. The results of the study indicate that the legalization of underage engagement from the perspective of civil law in Indonesia where during the engagement period the two prospective brides and grooms are not yet allowed to have a relationship as a relationship between a husband and wife, the prospective bride and groom in principle still have the same relationship with the law of their relationship between people who are not mahram who are not yet bound by marriage. Therefore, all the prohibitions that apply to the relationship between men and women also apply to them, only the prospective bride during the engagement period may not be proposed to by someone else, because she is in the engagement of her prospective husband. That the legal consequences of underage engagement will have an impact on the cancellation of the engagement itself. Talking about cancellation, cancellation means fasakh or ending the validity of something that happened previously. In addition, it will affect gender.

Every day we often hear pornographic news in the mass media, social media, TV, etc. Moreover, with the existence of Android phones, it is easy to access pornographic things, especially among teenagers. That is why there are many cases of fornication, rape due to the release of the consequences of what they watch. It is inevitable that this does not happen because it has been facilitated by cellphones for every teenager. Those who are not yet old enough to know about sex according to their age, make it too early to learn about sex. Teenagers spend more time with cellphones so that they forget to do their work because they are so engrossed. That is why, in this case, parents need to accompany their children in using gadgets so that they can be controlled later in using their Android phones. We hear and see day by day, cases of sexual harassment occur and are increasing regardless of the place whether it is at home, school, public facilities, even in places that are considered sacred. We can see when we watch TV, underage children are the victims of pornography. Not a few have to deal with the police and end up being looted. Pornographic acts are also clearly shown without wearing clothes. There is no longer a sense of shame and reluctance to show off one's body aura to the media for the sake of a morsel of food that must be risked. No thought is given to the negative impacts of all this. By watching freely, the morals of the young generation are damaged, of course the targets are children, teenagers who are still fragile in their stance. They are still easily tempted by things that smell of porn. Several years ago, the government blocked porn sites but the fact that we see is that there are still those who can access them. We do not know what caused why they can still be accessed easily. Is the government not serious enough in handling this problem? Or is it because of someone's skill in fiddling with how to find the site? We leave that question. Now the most important thing is to fortify ourselves with faith in God, for parents, accompany your children in using Android, provide positive activities at home, etc.

Risk factors for pregnancy that cause complications and maternal death include chronic energy deficiency and anemia. The pregnancy rate for pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency at the Bumiayu Community Health Center in 2022 is 56 cases, while the incidence of anemia at the Bumiayu Community Health Center is 22 cases. Research method: the method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method with a comprehensive case study approach. Comprehensive midwifery care for Mrs S found early pregnancy problems, namely chronic energy deficiency and anemia. The delivery was carried out normally vaginally and the baby was born normally. During the postpartum and birth control period, no complications were found. Comprehensive midwifery care for Mrs S with chronic energy deficiency and anemia was in accordance with midwifery care and no complications occurred.

MMR (WHO) in 2022 will reach 91.46/100,000 live births. MMR in Indonesia (2021) 7,389/100,000 KH. Brebes MMR in (2021) is 105 cases and IMR is 259 cases in 2022. Data from the Kaliwadas Health Center in (2022) is 1 case and IMR (2022) is 0 cases. In WHO (2021), there are (73.2%) pregnant women with CED. And in Bebes there will be 64 cases of pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK) in 2022. Objective: To provide comprehensive care for pregnant women, giving birth, newborns, postpartum and family planning. Research method: Qualitative descriptive research method with a case study approach. Results: Midwifery care during Mrs. N from the results of Mrs. N experienced chronic energy deficiency KEK and was given treatment and care according to his needs. Furthermore, on the third visit, the results of Mrs. N no longer experiences chronic energy deficiencies. Birth of Mrs. N was assisted in accordance with the standards for midwifery services for childbirth (APN). Neonatal Visits and Newborn Visits I to III Baby Mrs. N experienced no complications and neither did postpartum visits I to IV. Family planning midwifery care Mrs. N is a 3-month injectable contraceptive. Conclusion: Comprehensive midwifery care has been provided to Mrs. N with KEK is in accordance with obstetric services and there are no complications.

Fornication is all acts related to sexual life that violate decency (decency) including sexual intercourse outside of marriage. The Criminal Code classifies criminal acts of sexual abuse where the victim is a child. Children are the younger generation and potential human resources, therefore perpetrators of criminal acts of sexual abuse against children must be subject to appropriate punishment. The focus of the study in this research is to find out the side of justice in the decision of the panel of judges which is not in accordance with the actions of the defendant (Decision Study Number 07/Pid.Sus.A/2023/Pn Byw) case study of Banyuwangi Regency from the demands of the public prosecutor to the decision of the panel of judges what was imposed on the defendant was in accordance with the defendant's actions. From the results obtained in this research, the public prosecutor in his demands did not match the defendant's actions. The author feels that the panel of judges and public prosecutors in their decision gave criminal sanctions to the defendant that were not in accordance with the defendant's actions, because the perpetrator had more than one case.

Penggunaan limbah sebagai bahan substitusi dalam pembuatan beton ramah lingkungan menjadi alternatif yang relevan untuk mengatasi masalah lingkungan dan sumber daya yang semakin menipis. Penelitian ini berfokus pada penggunaan limbah keramik granit, limbah beton, dan cangkang kerang (Grabeka) sebagai pengganti agregat kasar dan halus dalam campuran beton. Pengujian dilakukan untuk menilai kekuatan tekan beton pada umur 28 hari serta analisis biaya dibandingkan dengan beton konvensional. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa beton dengan campuran limbah Grabeka mampu mencapai kekuatan tekan optimal sebesar 35,09 Mpa. Selain itu, penggunaan zat aditif Sikament NN mempercepat proses pengerasan, sehingga beton dengan agregat daur ulang menjadi lebih efisien.  

This study aims to examine the illegal land ownership of the Pusong Reservoir in Banda Sakti Subdistrict, Lhokseumawe City by the local community, viewed from the perspective of Islamic law, specifically the concept of milk al-daulah, and national legislation, particularly Law No. 17 of 2019 on Water Resources. The phenomenon of land ownership in the reservoir has resulted in various impacts, including ecosystem damage and the potential for conflicts between the community and the government. This research uses a juridical-sociological approach with a descriptive-analytical qualitative method. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and literature studies. The findings show that the community’s ownership of the reservoir land, which is used for business and residential purposes, is in conflict with the principle of milk al-daulah and Law No. 17 of 2019, which stipulates that water resources are controlled by the state and must be used for public interest. The weak implementation of government oversight in managing this land has led to an imbalance between the interests of the community and the state. This study recommends better management of the reservoir land to ensure ecosystem sustainability and community welfare.  

According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2020, the number of maternal mortality rates (MMR) in Indonesia is still quite high, totaling 4,627 cases of maternal death. This number shows an increase compared to 2019 of 4,221 cases of maternal death (Indonesian Health Profile, 2021). Objective: To apply the theory that has been obtained at the academy with comprehensive midwifery care for pregnant women, laboring women, postpartum women, newborns, and family planning in practice using Varney and SOAP documentation, is there a gap between theory and practice. Research method: In this study the authors used a qualitative research method with a case study approach which was carried out by examining a problem through a case consisting of a single unit. Results: At the first pregnancy obstetric care visit, there was a problem of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CHD) where LiLA was 22.5 cm and also breech location. After being given counseling about high calorie balanced nutrition there was an increase in the size of LiLA by 2, 5 cm so that the mother did not experience SEZ. In the process of childbirth was done by Sectio Caesarea. In the postpartum period there was no complication in the postpartum period. Newborn was normal, no problems. In family planning, Mrs. M chose to use a 3-year family planning implant. Conclusion: During the assistance to Mrs. M, the health problems experienced by Mrs. M, especially the incidence of SEZ in pregnant women can be resolved, and there is a gap between theory and practice related to the size of LiLA and the height of the mother.

The phenomenon of nikah siri and underage marriage in Indonesia reflects complex legal and social challenges. Although Law No. 1/1974 and its revision through Law No. 16/2019 have set the minimum age for marriage at 19 years, the practice remains widespread, particularly in rural areas. Nikah siri, which are not officially recorded, are often performed for economic reasons, ignorance of the law, or social pressure. As a result, couples and children from these marriages face legal uncertainty, such as difficulties in obtaining birth certificates, inheritance rights, and legal protection. This research uses normative legal research methods. Isbat nikah emerged as a solution to legalize unregistered marriages, including for underage couples. However, this mechanism poses a dilemma: on the one hand it provides legal protection for couples and children, but on the other hand it opens a loophole to legitimize child marriages that violate the principles of child protection and gender equality. The role of the Religious Affairs Office (KUA) and Religious Courts is crucial in enforcing the law and preventing abuse of isbat nikah. Through this research, it is recommended that regulations be tightened, communities educated and KUAs strengthened to ensure harmony between formal law and community needs, while still protecting children's rights.

Background: The global maternal mortality rate (MMR) in 2022 is 91.46 per 100,000 live births with the cause of death being bleeding while the indirect causes of maternal mortality are during pregnancy wheere many pregnant women experience nutritional problems such as Chornic Energi Deficiency ( CHD) and Nutritional Anemia at 8.43% (WHO, 2022). The maternal mortality rate in ASEAN is 235 per 100,000 live births with the majority of causes of death being bleeding (ASEAN Secretariat, 2022). Until now, the maternal mortality rate in Indonesia alone in 2020 was 91.45/100,000 live births. In 2021, maternal mortality will increase to 305/100,000 live births. Meanwhile, in 2022, the maternal mortality rate will decrease by 230/100,000 live births. Within a period of 3 years, the causes of maternal death included Covid 19, bleeding, hypertension in pregnancy, and heart disease (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2022). The maternal mortality rate in Central Java in 2020 was 84.6/100,000 live births, in 2021 it will be 199/100,000 live births. In 2022 there will be a decrease to 98.6/100,000 live births, hypertension in pregnancy and bleeding are still the cases of death in that year (Central Health Office, 2022). Brebes Regency shows that the maternal mortality rate in 2020 was 62 cases. In 2021 there were 105 cases and in 2022 there was a decrease to 50 cases with the causes of death being bleeding, hypertension, infection and heart disorders (Brebes District Health Office, 2021) Objective: Reduce maternal and infant morbidity and mortality rates in Brebes Regency, especially the Bumiayu Community Health Center area Conclusion: After providing comprehensive midwifery care to Mrs. S aged 32 years with Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK) at BPM Mrs. The R working area of the Bumiayu Community Health Center from the third trimester of pregnancy, childbirth, newborns, postpartum and family planning is in good condition.

Exploitation according to Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection is divided into physical, social, sexual and economic exploitation. With the existence of children who work, this is a violation of the right to child protection and child growth and development, which should be at that age the child is still in school and gets a proper education. The phenomenon of underage labor almost occurs in all regions of Indonesia. One of the children's problems that must receive special attention is the issue of child labor. This issue has become global because so many children around the world are already working at school age. In fact, the issue of child labor is not just an issue of children carrying out work with wages, but it is very closely related to exploitation, dangerous work, inhibition of access to education and hindering the physical, psychological and social development of children, even in certain cases and forms of child labor have entered as the qualification of children who work in the most intolerable situations (the intolerable form of child labor). This research is an empirical research that uses primary data and secondary data collected using interview, observation and literature study techniques. The informants in this study are 10 people. The data processing techniques in this study use several techniques, namely editing, coding, tabulation and verification after which the data will be analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of this study show that (1) the Kupang City Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Office needs to increase socialization, supervision, and cooperation with the community to effectively prevent and protect minors from exploitation. (2) Budget factors, apparatus resources, and socialization of child protection to the community are factors that hinder the implementation of the functions of the Kupang City Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Office in providing prevention, protection, coaching and empowerment of children.