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Human Rights are basic rights or basic rights that humans are born with which are naturally inherent in every human being and cannot be contested because they are a gift from God Almighty, or it can be said that human rights are respect for the level and dignity of humans which is a necessary recognition. It is clear that humans are humans. In this research the author uses the Library Research method (library research), studying libraries and other scientific works related to the problem being studied in order to obtain a theoretical and legal basis related to the discussion or problem of the problem being researched. Protection of human rights in criminal law aims to create a justice system that is fair, humane, and in accordance with universal human rights principles. This is an important foundation for preventing limitations on power by criminal institutions and for ensuring that the rights of every individual are respected in the legal process.

This article is entitled "Observation of PPKn Learning Methods at SMP Negeri 35 Medan". This article aims to find out the difficulties or problems faced by teachers in PPKn learning at SMP Negeri 35 Medan and look for methods or strategies that can be used to overcome these problems. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, literature study and documentation. Difficulties faced by teachers in learning include lack of facilities, differences in student backgrounds, lack of student interest and motivation, as well as lack of parental guidance and lack of economic support for students' families. Solutions implemented by teachers include a closer approach, special attention, additional lesson hours, and home tutoring. This article also provides suggestions for improvement and further research.  

The synthesis of PbO-Ag nanoparticles was carried out using the sol-gel method using bioreduction from fig leaf extract (Ficus Carica L). PbO is a semi-conducting metal, so it is combined with Ag metal to make PbO a conducting metal. The reason Ag is used is because the stability of silver nanoparticles plays a very important role when being characterized and applied to a product. The nanoparticles formed were characterized by PSA, PZC, XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, DRS and SEM. From the characteristic results, it was obtained that PbO-Ag could be formed using the sol-gel method using fig leaf bioreductor (Ficus Carica L).