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A decrease in the height of the uterine fundus is an important indicator of a normal uterine involution process after childbirth. Delayed reduction of fundal height may lead to uterine subinvolution, which increases the risk of postpartum hemorrhage, particularly in post–cesarean section mothers. Early breastfeeding and early mobilization are recommended interventions to support uterine contraction, prevent vaginal bleeding, and accelerate uterine involution. This study aimed to examine the effect of early breastfeeding and early mobilization on reducing the height of the uterine fundus in post–sectio caesarea mothers treated in the Amaryllis SMC Room at Telogorejo Hospital. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The population consisted of 523 post–cesarean section mothers hospitalized at SMC Telogorejo Hospital between January and November 2023. Data were collected using structured observation sheets to measure fundal height before and after the interventions. The results showed that the average uterine fundal height before early breastfeeding and early mobilization was 19.74 cm above the symphysis, while after the interventions it decreased to an average of 12.49 cm above the symphysis. Statistical analysis indicated a significant effect of early breastfeeding and early mobilization on the reduction of uterine fundal height (p = 0.000). These findings highlight the importance of implementing early breastfeeding and mobilization as part of postpartum nursing care to support uterine involution and reduce the risk of complications in post–cesarean section mothers.

A high-risk pregnancy is a pregnancy that can affect both the pregnancy, delivery, newborn, and postpartum period. There are several high-risk pregnancies, including pregnant women who are <145cm tall, have low birth weight, are too young, and give birth too closely spaced, or what is known as the 4T. Prevention is carried out by conducting comprehensive supervision, this is a way to reduce MMR and IMR. The Central Java government has developed the One Student One Client (OSOC) program, it is hoped that the implementation of this program can reduce MMR in Central Java. MMR according to WHO in 2023 reached 189/100,000 live births, MMR based on ASEAN reached 235/100,000 live births, MMR according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health reached 205/100,000 live births, MMR in Central Java in 2023 has reached 485/100,000 live births, MMR in Brebes in 2023 54/100,000 live births and at the Bantarkawung Community Health Center MMR in 2023 amounted to 2 cases of maternal death. In this study, researchers used Varney and SOAP to document midwifery care comprehensively, with direct qualitative descriptive approach methods such as observation, interviews, and documentation.

Early mobilization is an important component of postpartum midwifery care to prevent complications, accelerate physical recovery, and improve maternal comfort after delivery. However, not all mothers are able to perform early mobilization optimally due to fatigue, pain, and decreased energy after delivery. Sukari date palm juice (Extractum Phoenix dactylifera) is known to contain simple carbohydrates, minerals, and bioactive compounds that have the potential to increase energy and accelerate maternal recovery. This study aims to analyze the effect of consuming Sukari date palm juice on accelerating early mobilization of postpartum mothers from day 1 to day 3 in the working area of ​​the Sikui Community Health Center (UPT). The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group approach. The study sample consisted of 30 postpartum mothers divided into an intervention group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). Early mobilization ability was assessed based on the time the mother was able to sit, stand, and walk. The results showed that postpartum mothers in the intervention group experienced a significant acceleration in early mobilization compared to the control group, particularly in walking ability, with a time difference of up to 8–12 hours faster. The results of the Mann–Whitney statistical test showed a significant effect of date palm juice consumption on the acceleration of early mobilization (p < 0.001). Thus, Sukari date palm juice has been proven to be effective in accelerating early mobilization and can be recommended as a supporting nutritional intervention in postpartum midwifery care.

Successful breastfeeding is a crucial factor in ensuring maternal and infant health, yet many postpartum mothers experience obstacles in optimally breastfeeding. One factor that plays a significant role in successful breastfeeding is family support and involvement. Families, particularly husbands and immediate family members, play a strategic role in providing the emotional, informational, and instrumental support mothers need during the postpartum period. This study aims to analyze the relationship between family roles and successful breastfeeding in postpartum mothers at TPMB Bdn. Neneng Banjarmasin. This study employed an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 35 postpartum mothers with infants aged 0–6 months selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to measure family roles and successful breastfeeding, including aspects of early breastfeeding initiation, breastfeeding frequency, maternal comfort, and sustainability of breastfeeding practices. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that most respondents received good family support and that the majority of postpartum mothers experienced successful breastfeeding. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between family roles and breastfeeding success. In conclusion, family roles are significantly associated with breastfeeding success in postpartum mothers. This finding underscores the importance of a family-centered midwifery care approach in supporting breastfeeding success in community midwifery practice.

Background: Sectio Caesarea (SC) surgery causes an incision wound in the abdomen, requiring a complex tissue healing process. Nutrition is a primary systemic factor supporting cell regeneration and new tissue formation through the intake of protein, vitamins, and minerals. However, many postpartum mothers still practice dietary restrictions due to misconceptions about the wound healing process. Objective: To determine the relationship between nutritional fulfillment and wound healing duration in post-SC patients at Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado. Methods:This quantitative research used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 20 postpartum mothers after SC, selected using purposive sampling technique. Research instruments included a questionnaire and an observation sheet. Data were analyzed using Fisher's Exact Test (α=0.05). Results: The majority of respondents (55%) had good nutritional fulfillment, and 60% of respondents experienced rapid wound healing. Statistical test results showed a p-value = 0.005 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between nutritional fulfillment and wound healing duration. Respondents with good nutrition had a rapid wound healing percentage of 90.9%, while respondents with poor nutrition had a slow wound healing percentage of 77.8%. Conclusion: Adequate nutritional fulfillment plays a crucial role in accelerating the wound healing process after Sectio Caesarea surgery.

Background: Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) is the practice of allowing newborns to breastfeed within the first hour after birth. This practice is not only beneficial for establishing mother-infant bonding but also plays a crucial role in stimulating uterine contractions through the release of oxytocin, which can accelerate uterine involution in postpartum mothers. Uterine involution is an important physiological process that prevents postpartum hemorrhage and supports maternal recovery. Despite the known benefits, not all mothers practice IMD immediately after delivery, which may affect the process of uterine involution. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) and the incidence of uterine involution in postpartum mothers at the Benao Community Health Center Work Area. Methods: A quantitative, observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 30 postpartum mothers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected on IMD practices and uterine involution assessments. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the relationship between IMD and uterine involution. Results: The study found a significant relationship between IMD and uterine involution (p = 0.000). Mothers who practiced IMD within the first hour postpartum showed a faster and more effective uterine involution process compared to those who did not. Conclusion: Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) is significantly associated with the incidence and speed of uterine involution in postpartum mothers. Promoting IMD immediately after birth is essential for supporting maternal recovery and preventing postpartum complications

Breastfeeding failures frequently result in issues. Lack of information about proper breastfeeding technique is one of the issues that frequently arises in nursing women, leading to uncomfortable nipples when the infant does not suck the nipple down to the areola. According to the 2022 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey, 79.3 individuals had painful nipples. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how well breastfeeding practices work in relation to the prevalence of painful nipples among nursing moms at the South Bulango Community Health Center in 2025. This kind of study employs a cross-sectional, quantitative research approach. 47 nursing women who were chosen by accidental sampling served as the study's population and sample. There is a correlation between breastfeeding practices and the incidence of sore nipples at the South Bulango Health Center in 2025, according to the results of statistical testing using the chi-square test. The p value (0.000) is not greater than α (0.05), so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. It is intended that the community, especially postpartum moms, would gain more understanding of the connection between breastfeeding methods and the prevalence of painful nipples in nursing moms.

Breast milk production during the postpartum period is a crucial factor in successful breastfeeding and achieving exclusive breastfeeding. However, during the early postpartum period, many postpartum mothers experience difficulties in breast milk production, influenced by physical and psychological conditions. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be used to help facilitate breast milk production is oxytocin massage, which aims to stimulate the release of the hormone oxytocin and increase the let-down reflex. This study aims to analyze the effect of oxytocin massage on breast milk production in postpartum mothers at the Marisa Community Health Center. This study used a quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The study sample consisted of 30 postpartum mothers selected using purposive sampling according to the inclusion criteria. Breast milk production was measured before and after the oxytocin massage intervention using a structured observation sheet with units of milliliters (ml). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate methods. Normality was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk test, while differences were tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed that the average milk output before oxytocin massage was 18.00 ± 5.95 ml, and increased to 51.83 ± 10.94 ml after the intervention. The Wilcoxon test showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of oxytocin massage on increasing breast milk output. It was concluded that oxytocin massage is effective as a non-pharmacological intervention to increase breast milk production in postpartum mothers and can be integrated into postpartum care in primary health care services.

Preterm birth remains a significant public health concern due to its contribution to neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among the various risk factors, maternal infections—particularly sexually transmitted infections (STIs)—have been identified as preventable yet critical determinants of premature delivery. This study aimed to examine the relationship between STIs and preterm birth among mothers receiving care at Tomalou Primary Health Care Center. A cross-sectional analytical design was employed, involving 30 postpartum mothers whose medical records and antenatal care data were available. Data on STI status and birth outcomes were collected from health center records and laboratory results, while maternal demographic and obstetric characteristics were also documented. Results indicated that 40% of participants were diagnosed with STIs during pregnancy, and 33.3% experienced preterm birth. Chi-square analysis revealed a significant association between maternal STI status and preterm delivery (p = 0.003). Logistic regression demonstrated that mothers with STIs were sixteen times more likely to deliver prematurely compared to uninfected mothers (OR = 16.0; 95% CI: 2.45–104.3; p = 0.002). These findings suggest that STIs represent a substantial risk factor for preterm birth, even among mothers with adequate antenatal care attendance. Early detection, timely treatment, and comprehensive reproductive health education are recommended to reduce infection-related adverse outcomes. Strengthening STI screening and management within primary healthcare settings is essential to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This study provides evidence for the importance of integrating infection prevention strategies into routine antenatal care to mitigate the risk of premature delivery.

Background : The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) worldwide reaches 183,000 per 100,000 live births (WHO, 2024). In Indonesia, there were 4,305 reported cases (Ministry of Health RI, 2024), while Central Java Province recorded 315 cases (Central Java Health Office, 2024). In Brebes Regency, there were 54 maternal deaths in 2024 (Brebes Health Office, 2024), and in the Bumiayu Public Health Center area, 2 maternal deaths were recorded (Bumiayu PHC Data, 2024). Objective : To analyze, implement, and provide comprehensive midwifery care for Mrs. A, 25 years old, with anemia in the Bumiayu Public Health Center area in 2025, using the Varney midwifery management approach and the SOAP method. Research Methods : This study used a qualitative descriptive design in the form of a case study. Results : Midwifery care during pregnancy for Mrs.A with anemia was carried out bassed on the mother’s needs. During labor, newborn care, postpartum period, and family planning services, no complications were found. Conclusion: The comprehensive midwifery care provided to Mrs. A with anemia was carried out in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), with both the mother and baby in good condition.

Continuity of Care (CoC) is a midwifery care model that provides continuous care from pregnancy, childbirth, the postpartum period, and newborn care to family planning services. This approach aims to improve the quality of care, enable early detection of complications, and enhance maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This study aimed to describe the implementation of Continuity of Care midwifery services for Mrs. D, aged 25 years, at PMB Siti Nur Azizah, Wonoayu, Sidoarjo, East Java.This study employed a descriptive method with a case study approach. The subject was Mrs. D, a primigravida woman who received midwifery care from the first trimester of pregnancy through the postpartum period, newborn care, and family planning services. Data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examinations, and medical record review.The results showed that throughout pregnancy, both maternal and fetal conditions remained within physiological limits with routine monitoring and adequate health education. Labor occurred spontaneously and normally with the application of respectful maternity care and interventions based on clinical indications. The postpartum period progressed normally with good uterine involution and adequate breast milk production. The newborn demonstrated optimal physiological adaptation and received essential neonatal care. In the family planning phase, Mrs. D chose a three-month injectable contraceptive, which was appropriate for her breastfeeding condition and pregnancy spacing needs.

Background: Maternal mortality according to WHO (2024) is 287,000, in Indonesia (2024) 183/100,000 live births, in Central Java (2024) 3,149 live births, in Brebes (2024) there were 54 cases of maternal mortality. At Bantarkawung Community Health Center (2024), there were no maternal deaths. One of the causes of maternal mortality is postpartum hemorrhage. Postpartum hemorrhage can be caused by anemia in mothers during pregnancy. Objective: It is hoped that the researcher can provide comprehensive midwifery care for Mrs. L in accordance with midwifery service standards, covering pregnancy, childbirth, newborns, neonates, postpartum, and family planning, using the midwifery management approach according to Varney and SOAP. Research method: The method used is qualitative descriptive with a comprehensive case study approach. Findings: During the researcher's assistance with anemia cases, the researcher did not find issues that required further in-depth investigation, but there were some occurrences resulting from anemia, one of which was the mother experiencing retained placenta. From the assistance process conducted by the researcher, the midwifery findings have been applied comprehensively, from pregnancy stages to family planning, in accordance with midwifery service standards.  

Anemia during pregnancy is a significant maternal health issue with serious impacts on maternal and perinatal outcomes, including complications such as severe preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, and low birth weight (LBW), all of which contribute to increased morbidity and mortality rates. This literature review aims to analyze the clinical impacts of pregnancy anemia, related complications, and effective management strategies based on the latest scientific evidence (2020-2024). The study examines the relationship between anemia and preeclampsia, LBW, and postpartum hemorrhage, as well as the importance of nutritional fulfillment in prevention and management. Five research articles from indexed journals were collected from the Scopus database, with inclusion criteria of studies with clear designs, focusing on pregnancy anemia, and published in Indonesian or English. The analysis results show that pregnancy anemia is a predisposing factor for preeclampsia through mechanisms such as placental hypoxia and oxidative stress. Anemia is also closely related to an increased incidence of LBW and postpartum hemorrhage, particularly due to lower hemoglobin reserves and uterine contractility issues. Adequate nutritional fulfillment is influenced by socioeconomic barriers, supplementation side effects, and lack of family support. Anemia management requires a comprehensive approach, including routine screening, prophylactic supplementation, nutritional education, and effective referral systems for complex cases. Prevention through early detection and timely intervention is crucial in reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity.

Oxytocin massage is a technique used to stimulate the release of the hormone oxytocin, which plays a vital role in breastfeeding. Spinal massage stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system, which then triggers the release of oxytocin. This hormone causes contractions in the muscle cells surrounding the milk ducts, thereby promoting breast milk production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oxytocin massage on increasing breast milk production in postpartum mothers. This study used a quantitative design with a quasi-experimental approach, namely a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study population was postpartum mothers with breast milk flow problems at the Bandarharjo Community Health Center, Semarang City. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, where researchers selected samples based on certain characteristics. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. Data analysis used the Chi-Square test. The results of the study showed that the calculated Chi-Square value on the first day (62,000) was greater than the Chi-Square table (12,591), on the second day (54,866 > 23,684), and the third day (58,117 > 32,670). Based on these results, H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, which means there was a significant effect of oxytocin massage on the smooth production of breast milk in postpartum mothers at the Bandarharjo Community Health Center.

This study examines postpartum nursing care for mothers undergoing Sectio Caesarea (SC) with the primary nursing diagnosis of ineffective breastfeeding. The purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of oxytocin massage intervention in improving breastfeeding outcomes in post-SC mothers. The study was conducted in Mawar Ward, RSUD dr. H. Soewondo Kendal, involving four patients experiencing delayed lactation, difficulty in baby latching, and psychological challenges such as anxiety and lack of confidence. The intervention was based on the Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards (SIKI), focusing on observation, therapeutic actions, education, and collaboration with healthcare teams and family members. Oxytocin massage was performed 2–3 times daily, complemented by warm compresses, breastfeeding position training, and emotional support. The results indicated significant improvements: increased breast milk production, better baby latching, reduced maternal anxiety, and higher self-confidence in breastfeeding. This evidence-based approach highlights that comprehensive postpartum nursing care—integrating physical, psychological, and family support—plays a crucial role in ensuring breastfeeding success and overall maternal recovery after SC.

Caesarean section (CS) is a major surgical procedure frequently performed for childbirth with specific medical indications. Early mobilization after CS is crucial to accelerate recovery and prevent complications. The Enhanced Recovery After Caesarean Surgery (ERACS) method is a modern approach aimed at enhancing recovery through multimodal pain management and early mobilization. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the ERACS method on early mobilization in post-caesarean section mothers. This research employed a quantitative design with a one-group post-test only approach. The study population comprised postpartum mothers following CS at Islamic Hospital (RSI) Al-Ikhlas Pemalang. A total of 50 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using observation sheets and analysed using a one-sample t-test. The results showed that the majority of respondents (78%) achieved independent early mobilization, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.000, indicating a meaningful effect. This study consists of viii (8) pages of introduction, 72 pages of main discussion, 5 data tables, 2 conceptual framework diagrams, and 8 supporting appendices. In conclusion, the ERACS method has a positive effect on early mobilization in post-caesarean section mothers.

This study examines postpartum nursing care for mothers undergoing Sectio Caesarea (SC) with the primary nursing diagnosis of ineffective breastfeeding. The purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of oxytocin massage intervention in improving breastfeeding outcomes in post-SC mothers. The study was conducted in Mawar Ward, RSUD dr. H. Soewondo Kendal, involving four patients experiencing delayed lactation, difficulty in baby latching, and psychological challenges such as anxiety and lack of confidence. The intervention was based on the Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards (SIKI), focusing on observation, therapeutic actions, education, and collaboration with healthcare teams and family members. Oxytocin massage was performed 2–3 times daily, complemented by warm compresses, breastfeeding position training, and emotional support. The results indicated significant improvements: increased breast milk production, better baby latching, reduced maternal anxiety, and higher self-confidence in breastfeeding. This evidence-based approach highlights that comprehensive postpartum nursing care—integrating physical, psychological, and family support—plays a crucial role in ensuring breastfeeding success and overall maternal recovery after SC.

Postpartum anxiety is a psychological problem that often occurs after childbirth and can have a direct impact on decreased breast milk production. Non-pharmacological efforts that can help overcome this are Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) therapy and Endorphin, Oxytocin, and Suggestive Massage Stimulation (SPEOS). This community service activity aims to improve comfort, calmness, and increase breast milk production through the application of a combination of SEFT and SPEOS therapy to postpartum mothers in the Sambau Community Health Center, Batam City. The activity method is carried out through education, demonstrations, and direct practice with postpartum mothers given to 48 postpartum mothers. The results of the activity showed an increase in mothers' knowledge about SEFT and SPEOS relaxation techniques, about managing anxiety, and how to increase breast milk production as obtained from the results of qualitative evaluations through interviews and group discussions. This activity received a positive response from participants and local health workers, and is recommended for routine implementation in community midwifery services.

Sectio caesarean (SC) is a major surgical procedure performed to save the mother and baby when normal delivery is not possible. However, this procedure may cause postoperative complications such as impaired physical mobility due to pain, muscle weakness, and anesthesia effects. These limitations can delay the healing process, increase the risk of infection, and reduce the mother's self-care ability. One effective non-pharmacological intervention to accelerate recovery is early mobilization through Range of Motion (ROM) exercises. This case study aims to analyze the effectiveness of early mobilization (ROM) intervention on improving mobility and reducing pain in post-sectio caesarean mothers. The study was conducted in June 2025 at RSUD Kajen with three respondents who underwent SC for different obstetric indications (postterm, CPD, and severe preeclampsia). The research design used a descriptive case study with pre–post intervention approach. The results showed that after performing ROM exercises gradually from six hours post SC, pain intensity decreased from a scale of 7–8 to 1–3 within three days. Mobility ability improved from only being able to turn sideways to sitting and walking with assistance. Respondents also showed increased motivation and independence in self-care activities. In conclusion, early mobilization (ROM) intervention is effective in accelerating recovery for post-sectio caesarean mothers. This intervention helps reduce pain, improve circulation, strengthen muscles, and enhance psychological adaptation. Early mobilization should be applied as part of routine nursing interventions in the postpartum ward.

Sectio caesarean surgery is a surgical procedure that can effectively prevent ma- ternal and newborn deaths when used for reasons of medical indications. Post operative sectio caesarean can pose several risks of complications, one of which is pain and surgical wound infection. Non pharmacological approach aromatherapy as a complementary therapy to reduce postpartum pain. This case study aims to analyze the influence aromatherapy lavender on reducing pain levels in post sectio caesarean mothers by using the case study method pre and post test. The case study was carried out in 25 May 2025 – 07 June 2025. This type of case study is descriptive with the number of subjects used, namely three post partum mothers in the RSUD Batang private sector with pain assessment using a questionnaire Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The results of the case study showed a change in pain intensity from a scale of 6-7 to a scale of 4-5. This shows an influence aromatherapy lavender on reducing pain levels in postpartum mothers caesarean section Giving innovation aromatherapy can be used as an independent nursing in- tervention so that it can be applied to patients regularly.