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Asphyxia is a condition in which a baby has difficulty breathing spontaneously and regularly immediately after birth, so that it cannot obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from its body. This condition occurs due to pathological changes caused by a lack of oxygen in the respiratory system, which can result in hypoxia and hypercapnia. Asphyxia can also be grouped into two types, namely primary asphyxia that occurs when a baby is born and secondary asphyxia that occurs some time after birth. This study aims to determine what factors influence the incidence of asphyxia at RSUD DR Tengku Mansyur Tanjungbalai City in 2023. The type of research is an analytical survey study with a cross-sectional design used to determine the relationship between maternal age, gestational age, parity, and amniotic fluid with the occurrence of neonatal asphyxia at RSUD DR Tengku Mansyur Tanjungbalai City in 2023. The research sample consisted of 25 people, who were selected using a sampling technique with the Total Sampling Technique. The results of the bivariate analysis using the Fisher's Exact Test showed a p-value of 0.344. Thus, it can be concluded that there is no statistically significant relationship between maternal age and the incidence of neonatal asphyxia at DR. Tengku Mansyur Regional Hospital, Tanjung Balai City, in 2023.

Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant's life is an important practice that supports child growth and development. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between internal maternal factors and breastfeeding patterns. The study was conducted using a cross sectional study design. The study was conducted at Puskesmas Putat Jaya Surabaya with a sample of 63 mothers with infants <6 months who provide direct breastfeeding to their babies. Data were obtained from questionnaires, weight measurement using digital scales and height using microtoice. Data were processed using chi square test. The test results showed that there was a significant relationship between maternal knowledge with proper colostrum feeding (p = 0.002), parity with breastfeeding frequency (p = 0.002) and maternal nutritional status with breastfeeding frequency (p = 0.001). While other variables in this study showed no significant relationship. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between maternal knowledge and proper colostrum feeding and there is a significant relationship between parity and nutritional status with the frequency of breastfeeding. Suggestions for the need for education as an increase in knowledge and maintaining a diet to increase the success of breastfeeding.

Hypertension in pregnancy is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, with a global prevalence of 5–10% (Khedagi & Bello, 2021). This study aims to analyze the effect of reproductive status—maternal age, gravidity, and parity—on the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Educational Hospital, Medan. A case-control design was employed with 96 respondents, consisting of 48 cases and 48 controls. Bivariate analysis revealed that pregnant women aged ≥35 years have a 2.839-fold higher risk of developing hypertension compared to those aged <35 years (OR=2.839; 95% CI: 1.123–7.177; p=0.027). First pregnancy (primigravida) increases the risk by 2.742 times compared to multigravida (OR=2.742; 95% CI: 1.047–7.178; p=0.040), while nulliparous women have a 2.714-fold higher risk compared to those who have given birth (OR=2.714; 95% CI: 1.101–6.693; p=0.030). Multivariate analysis identified maternal age ≥35 years and nulliparity as the most significant predictors (p=0.005). These findings align with studies by Wiranto & Putriningtyas (2021), Hinkosa et al. (2020), and Luo et al. (2020), which confirmed that advanced maternal age and nulliparity increase the risk of pregnancy complications. The novelty of this research lies in integrating all three reproductive status factors as simultaneous predictors of hypertension risk, providing a new perspective compared to previous studies focused on single variables. Based on these findings, early detection and targeted health education for high-risk mothers are strongly recommended.

According to the 2023 Indonesian Health Profile, health services for pregnant women (K1-K6) in 2023 in Indonesia will be 74.4% with the 2023 Minimum Service Standard (SPM) target of 100%, still far from the standard. Factors influencing ANC visits for pregnant women are age and parity. The aim of this research is to find out the mother's age and parity with the completeness of the ANC examination. This type of research is quantitative using a cross sectional approach. The population in this study was 60 pregnant women in the third trimester in Kualu Village. The sample consisted of 60 pregnant women in the third trimester with a gestational age of 37-39 weeks using total sampling. The data collection tool uses a questionnaire. This research uses univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test. The univariate research results show that 34 respondents (56.7%) are in the no-risk category and maternal parity is not at risk < 3 times. Bivariate results. There is a significant relationship between maternal age and completeness of ANC examinations and there is a relationship between maternal parity and completeness of ANC examinations. It is hoped that midwives and cadres will provide education and programs to attract pregnant women to come for ANC examinations. 

Approximately 287,000 cases of maternal death occur during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. One of the targets in the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to reduce MMR to 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. WHO data shows that 72.5% of maternal deaths are caused by direct factors, while the remaining 27.5% are caused by indirect factors. This study aims to determine the factors associated with maternal death in Sintang Regency in 2019-2023. The research design uses quantitative with a Cross Sectional approach. The study population is all data on maternal death cases from pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum periods from January 2019 - December 2023 obtained from the Sintang Regency Health Office. The sampling technique uses total sampling . The results of the study obtained variables of bleeding (p value 0.017), infection (p value 0.847), eclampsia (p value 0.026), age (p value 0.018) and parity (p value 0.900). There is a relationship between bleeding, eclampsia and age with maternal mortality in Sintang Regency in 2019-2023. There is no relationship between infection and parity with maternal mortality in Sintang Regency in 2019-2023. It is hoped that the relevant health services will improve health service efforts to reduce MMR.

Hyperemesis gravidarum is excessive nausea and vomiting in pregnant women which interferes with daily activities because it is usually made worse by dehydration. The cause of hyperemesis gravidarum is not known for certain, but it is likely caused by an increase in the serum hormones estrogen and HCG (chorionic gonadotropin hormone). The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnant women at Tanah Jambo Aye Community Health Center, North Aceh. This study used a case control design. Pain Case Study This research was conducted to determine whether parity, nutritional status and stress are related to hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnant women. There is a relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnant women at the Tanah Jambo Aye Community Health Center, North Aceh. Pregnant women with poor nutritional status will experience hyperemesis gravidarum 7.5 times compared to pregnant women with good nutritional status. Pregnant women are expected to always seek information about hyperemesis gravidarum and risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum.

Pregnancy is a reproductive process that needs special care so that it runs well, because pregnancy contains the life of both the mother and fetus. In Indonesia, the number of AKI in 2020 showed 4,627 cases of death, most of the causes of maternal death were caused by other causes at 34.2%, bleeding at 28.7%, hypertension in pregnancy at 23.9%, and infection at 4.6%. %.The aim of this research is to find out what factors are related to tetanus toxoid immunization in pregnant women at the Jambo Aye Health Center, North Aceh. This type of research is a survey type with a cross sectional design. The number of research samples is 60 pregnant women. The research results show that age is = 0.024 < sig a value = 0.05, this proves that there is a relationship between age and the mother's attitude towards TT immunization. Parity is = 0.021 > sig a value = 0.05, this proves that there is no relationship between parity and the mother's attitude towards TT immunization. Education is = 0.032 < sig a value = 0.05, this proves that there is a relationship between education and the mother's attitude towards TT immunization. Knowledge is = 0.021 < sig a value = 0.05, this proves that there is a relationship between knowledge and the mother's attitude towards TT immunization. Providing Health Socialization is = 0.041 < sig a value = 0.05, this proves that there is a relationship between Providing Health Socialization and the mother's attitude towards TT immunization. So it can increase knowledge and learning experiences, especially about the factors that influence pregnant women to carry out TT immunization.

Background: Anemia is a condition that describes the total number of red blood cells that operate to carry oxygen has decreased to meet the body's physiological needs. Pregnant women are said to be anemic if their hemoglobin (Hb) level is <11g/dL. Anemia in pregnant women is caused by lack of intake of iron-rich foods, lack of vitamin C intake, short pregnancy intervals (parity). Objective: To carry out midwifery care for Mrs M G1P0A0H0, 25 years old, 30-31 weeks pregnant with a mild case of anemia. Methodology: with a midwifery care approach, namely SOAP which includes subjective, objective, assessment, plan, and implementation and evaluation sheets, carried out on 09 September 2024 to 23 September 2024 at the patient's house in Aik Are Hamlet, Ubung Village, Jonggat District. The results of the midwifery care that was carried out on Mrs M G1P0A0H0, 25 years old, 30-31 weeks pregnant with mild anemia, were carried out by giving Fe blood supplement tablets, Vitamin C, Vitamin B complex, and Calcium lactate. After 1 week of midwifery care, the mother experienced improvement. Hb 11.3 gr/dL and no discrepancy was found between theory and case. Conclusion: There was an increase in Hb in pregnant women after consuming Fe tablets, vitamin B complex, Vitamin C, and Calcium lactate for 1 week. Health workers are expected to be able to carry out health promotions about the importance of consuming Fe tablets, Vitamin C, Vitamin B complex, and Calcium lactate to increase iron absorption in the body.

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is a component of the development index and quality of life index which is calculated by taking into account and considering women's health status (MMR). The aim of this research is to determine the factors associated with hyperemesis gravidarum at the Birem Bayuem Community Health Center in 2024. The design of this research is an analytical survey using a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study was all 1st trimester pregnant women who visited ANC at the Birem Bayuem Community Health Center in 2024, namely 26 pregnant women. The results of the analysis using the Telst Chi-sqularel test showed a value of p=0.008 (95% CI 1.522-26.081). Mothers who are working have a rate of 6,300 times more likely to experience hyperreleasing disease compared to mothers who are not working. It is hoped that by increasing the number of antenatal care, follow-up or maternal visits in research will reduce the number of cases of hyperelelmosis. Apart from that, it is highly recommended that you learn about health regularly by actively asking health professionals every time you visit a health care facility.

Unhealthy pregnancies will affect the health of the mother and baby, which can lead to fatal pregnancies and even obstructed labor and breastfeeding. So in pregnancy, care is needed during pregnancy which needs to be monitored by carrying out routine ANC so that early examination or detection can be carried out since pregnancy. The aim of the research is to find out in depth what factors influence complications in pregnancy at the Terangun Nursing Health Center in 2024. This research uses a descriptive design with a quantitative type of research using case control research and a retrospective approach where the research takes data from the past. . The research sample was pregnant women who experienced complications and who did not experience pregnancy complications. Research results Age influences the occurrence of complications in trimester pregnancies with the results of the chi-square statistical test on maternal age, namely ρ=0.006<0.05. Parity influences the occurrence of complications in the third trimester of pregnancy with the results of the chi-square test, namely ρ=0.020<0.05. Pregnancy spacing influences the occurrence of complications in the third trimester of pregnancy using the chi-square test, namely ρ=0.018<0.05. Research suggestions: It is hoped that health workers, especially midwives in hospitals, will be able to provide counseling and education regarding the danger signs of complications that may occur in the third trimester of pregnancy..

Colostrum is the first fluid secreted by the mammary glands. The highest content in colostrum is antibodies that are ready to protect the baby when the baby is still very weak. The protein content in colostrum is higher than the protein content in mature milk. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors of colostrum administration to postpartum mothers in Kayu Kul Village, Pegasing District, Central Aceh Regency in 2022. The method in this study is an analytical research type with a research design using cross-sectional, namely a study in which variables including risk factors and variables including effects are observed at the same time. This study uses data taken retrospectively. This research was conducted in Kayu Kul Village, Pegasing District, Central Aceh Regency in 2022. The population in this study was 35 people, then the sample was part of all the objects studied and was considered to represent the entire population (Notoatmodjo, 2015). The number of samples used was 29 people using the Accidental Sampling technique. Data collection techniques using questionnaire sheets and respondent observation sheets. Data analysis techniques using the chi-square statistical test show that the p-value shows that p = 0.005 which means Ho is accepted (p value <0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the knowledge category and the provision of colostrum. Conclusion: This study means that there is a significant relationship between the factors of Knowledge, Family Support, Support, Information Sources, Parity, Role of Health Workers, Provision of Colostrum in Kayu Kul Village, Pegasing District, Central Aceh Regency in 2022.

Age is a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage, according to Rahmawati's research. An association between age and bleeding due to uterine atony was also found. Mothers aged 20 to 35 years have a 12 times higher risk of experiencing postpartum hemorrhage than mothers aged 20 to 35 years (Edah, 2019). Age parity is also a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage. Parity refers to the number of children born to a mother (both born alive or dead). Mothers with three children are more at risk of bleeding after delivery than mothers with parity 1 to 3. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between age and parity and the amount of bleeding that occurs in mothers who have just given birth. The literature review method was used in this study. Various scientific articles and research reports discussing risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage are thoroughly explained. The results showed that older maternal age (above 35 years) and high parity (giving birth more than once) increased the risk of postnatal bleeding. These results suggest that mothers with these characteristics should be given special attention to reduce the risk of these complications by obtaining appropriate education, supervision during pregnancy, and appropriate birth planning.

This study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) which aims to analyze the relationship between risk factors and the incidence of birth canal laceration and its impact on postpartum hemorrhage. The review of various studies showed that postpartum hemorrhage and perineal rupture have complex and interrelated risk factors, with placental retention, uterine atony, and birth canal laceration as the main causes (p-value <0.05). Maternal characteristics such as age, parity (especially in multiparous with a prevalence of 32.9%), history of previous bleeding (OR=7.725), and pregnancy spacing less than two years (OR=6.943) contributed significantly to the risk of complications. Birth weight had a significant association with the incidence of perineal rupture, while the innovative use of warmpad proved effective with 58.8% of cases showing an intact perineum post-delivery. The study also identified anemia in pregnancy as an important risk factor, with the distribution of causes of postpartum hemorrhage including placental retention (44%), uterine atony (28%), uterine rupture (18.6%), and uterine inversion (9.4%), confirming the importance of comprehensive monitoring during pregnancy to prevent complications.

Globally, women dying from pregnancy complications decreased by almost 50% from 1990-2013, but the number of deaths remains high where 99% of deaths occur due to complications. Deaths caused by pregnancy complications cannot be avoided, but can be prevented through Antenatal Care (ANC) services as explained by previous studies that ANC services can reduce MMR by up to 20%. This study aims to determine the relationship between the 10T ANC Service Components and Pregnancy Complications. Quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all Women of Childbearing Age (WUS) who gave birth to their last child in the last 5 years. Sample selection was determined based on the ratio using stratification and total sampling of 14,437. Bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. The results of the analysis showed that there were 2,539 (17.5%) women who experienced complications. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between the components of ANC 10T services, education, wealth index, and residence with pregnancy complications, p- value <0.05, while parity showed no significant relationship with complications p = 0.378 . The results of multivariate analysis showed that women who did not receive the 10T service components according to standards had a 1,438 times higher risk of experiencing pregnancy complications after being controlled with the variables of parity, education, wealth index, and residence. This study provides important information for the next step in developing an ANC service strategy, namely providing services based on SOPs, improving skills and providing education to mothers and families about the importance of ANC services, in addition to policy making and increasing cooperation between stakeholders need to be done to optimize quality ANC services.  

Background: In Indonesia, the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is 37.1%, the highest number in rural areas is 37.8%, the lowest in urban areas is 36.4%, in 2018 it increased to 48.9%. Pregnant women continue to experience the greatest rates of anemia in rural areas (49.5%) and urban areas (48.3%) (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2019). In 2016, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia reported that the three primary causes of direct maternal mortality in Indonesia during pregnancy and childbirth remain unchanged: 30.3% of the cases were connected to hemorrhage, 27.1% to hypertension during pregnancy, and 7.3% to infections.Objective: This study aims to identify risk factors for the incidence of pre-eclampsia and anemia in Indonesia.Methods: Uses the Study Literature Review method by taking data that has been published on trusted national research sites.Results: Based on research results through a review that had been carried out, researchers found 14 national studies that were included in the inclusion criteria.Conclusion: The most dominant risk factors for preeclampsia are history of preeclampsia, parity, pregnancy spacing and maternal age. Meanwhile, the most dominant risk factors for anemia in pregnant women in this study were: nutritional status, maternal age, parity and pregnancy spacing.    

Nausea and vomiting are common conditions experienced during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, and are considered a normal physiological response that occurs in around 50%-80% of pregnant women. However, if this condition worsens and persists, it can develop into hyperemesis gravidarum, a pregnancy disorder that occurs in around 1 in 1000 pregnant women. This condition is at risk of causing dehydration and electrolyte imbalance and acidoketosis. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum in BPM Muliyanti, Luengsa Village, Madat District, East Aceh Regency in 2023. The type of research is Descriptive Correlation research with a cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 36 respondents, who were selected using a sampling technique with Purposive Sampling. Based on the results of the bivariate analysis using the Pearson Chisquare test, it is known that the p-value is 0.028, so it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between Maternal Parity and the Incidence of Hyperemesis Gravidarum in Pregnant Women in BPM Muliyanti, Luengsa Village, Madat District. East Aceh Regency Drugs in 2023. 

Background: Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women is a health problem that can affect the mother and fetus. Age and number of pregnancies (gravida) are thought to be related to the incidence of CED. This study aims to analyze the relationship between age and number of pregnancies with the incidence of CED in pregnant women at the Lau Baleng Health Center, Lau Baleng District, in 2023.Methods: This study used an analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 56 pregnant women selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews and measurements of the Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), then analyzed using the chi-square test.Results: The results showed that 23.2% of respondents experienced CED. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between age and the incidence of CED (p = 0.004), where mothers aged <20 years or >35 years had a higher risk of experiencing CED than mothers aged 20-35 years. In addition, there is a significant relationship between the number of pregnancies (gravida) and the incidence of CED (p = 0.004), where mothers with a history of more than five pregnancies (grandemultigravida) have the highest prevalence of CED (62.5%). Conclusion: The age of pregnant women and the number of pregnancies have a significant relationship with the incidence of CED. Therefore, prevention efforts are needed through nutritional education for pregnant women, especially in the at-risk age group and mothers with high parity, to reduce the incidence of CED.

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition in which pregnant women experience excessive nausea and vomiting which interferes with daily activities and even results in dehydration. The aim of this research was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of Hyperemesis Gravidarum in 1st trimester pregnant women in the Lawe Sumur Nursing Community Health Center Area, Southeast Aceh Regency in 2023. This type of research is an analytical survey with the population being all pregnant women who visited Antenatal Care at the Lawe Sumur Care Community Health Center, Southeast Aceh Regency in October 2022-March 2023. The sampling technique used was probability sampling and the sampling technique used was accidental sampling. In conclusion, it was found that there was a relationship between maternal age and hyperemesis gravidarum, p value 0.007. There was a relationship between parity and hyperemesis gravidarum with a p value of 0.002 and a relationship between work and hyperemesis gravidarum, p value 0.000 at the Lawe Sumur Care Health Center, Southeast Aceh Regency. Suggestions from the results of this research can be used as input in order to improve services, especially in providing information about hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnant women and also in developing knowledge about factors related to hyperemesis gravidarum.

Background: Postpartum care is needed in the period after delivery to detect early problems or treat postpartum illnesses. More than 65% of maternal deaths occur during the first 42 days postpartum. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence postpartum visits in Indonesia. Method: The research uses quantitative research in the form of an analytical survey with a cross sectional design. Units. Results: Based on the results of logistic regression, predisposing factors that have the opportunity to influence complete postpartum visits are maternal age 20-35 years (OR 0.885), higher education (OR 1.167), parity ? 2 (OR 1.090), delivery by cesarean/vacuum/ forceps, etc. (OR 1.491), delivery in a health facility (OR 1.489), complete pregnancy check-up (OR 1.613), and regional Sumatra (OR 0.510). Enabling factors that have the opportunity to influence postpartum visits are unemployed status (OR 0.954) and having health insurance (OR 1.141). The need factor that has the opportunity to influence postpartum visits is having a history of pregnancy complications (OR 0.948). Conclusion: Factors that influence postpartum visits are maternal age, education, parity, method of delivery, place of delivery, prenatal check-up, regional residence, employment status, ownership of health insurance, and history of pregnancy complications.

The phenomenon of sibling rivalry and its impacts encourage the need for efforts to prevent it. The purpose of the study was to describe the characteristics of pregnant women, the level of knowledge of pregnant women about sibling rivalry, the level of behaviour of pregnant women in preventing sibling rivalry, and analyze the relationship between knowledge of pregnant women and behaviour in preventing sibling rivalry. The research method used a quantitative approach with a correlational type. The population was pregnant women who had children aged a maximum of 3 years and checked their pregnancy at the Kagok Semarang Health Center. The number of samples was 63 people. The side technique used total sampling. Data were obtained using a questionnaire and then analyzed with descriptive statistics and the Fisher exact test, a statistical test used to determine if there are nonrandom associations between two categorical variables. The results of the study were the characteristics of pregnant women, the majority aged 20-35 years, parity less than or equal to 3 births, high school education, working and family income according to the UMR. The level of knowledge of pregnant women about sibling rivalry tended to be less good, and the level of behaviour of pregnant women in preventing sibling rivalry tended to be quite good. There was a very significant relationship between knowledge of pregnant women and behaviour in preventing sibling rivalry (chi-square = 49.810 and p <0.05). The conclusion is that pregnant women's knowledge is a factor in preventing sibling rivalry behaviour.