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Human trafficking is a serious crime that continues to evolve at both national and international levels. In Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, human trafficking has become a major issue, particularly concerning the illegal trafficking of Indonesian migrant workers (IMWs). This research employs a juridical-empirical approach, using interviews and document studies as data collection techniques. The findings of this study reveal that: (1) The factors contributing to human trafficking in Belu Regency can be categorized into internal and external factors. Internal factors include the perpetrators' motivation to gain quick financial benefits without considering the consequences and the victims' poor economic conditions and lack of awareness of their rights. External factors encompass poverty, low levels of education, limited job opportunities, and weak law enforcement, which creates opportunities for the perpetrators. (2) The modus operandi of the perpetrators involves deception, such as promising high-paying jobs with good working conditions, which ultimately leads to the exploitation of victims. (3) Efforts to combat human trafficking involve preemptive, preventive, and repressive measures. Preemptive efforts include public awareness campaigns, preventive measures focus on monitoring illegal recruitment activities, and repressive measures involve law enforcement actions against the perpetrators.

The phenomenon of Indonesian labor migration abroad is an important strategy for improving community welfare and contributing to national economic growth. Every year, thousands of Indonesian migrant workers (TKI) leave for various countries in hopes of finding better job opportunities. However, the reality they face often falls short of expectations, as many migrant workers experience discrimination, exploitation, and violence. Law Number 18 of 2017 on the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (UU PPMI) serves as a legal framework to provide comprehensive protection, yet its implementation still faces significant challenges. This research employs a normative legal method to analyze the effectiveness of UU PPMI in providing legal protection for migrant workers. The analysis reveals that structural, technical, and legal obstacles hinder the effectiveness of protection. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is needed, including strengthening institutions, enhancing human resource capacity, and fostering collaboration among government, private sector, and civil society. This study aims to contribute to improving the conditions of Indonesian migrant workers and promoting more effective protection.

Based on BPK regulation No. 6 of 2022 states that the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Center (BP3MI) is a Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) under the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency (BP2MI). BP3MI has the task of implementing Indonesian migrant placement services in accordance with statutory provisions as stated in Law No.18 of 2017. In Medan City itself, there is an office of BP3MI which aims to provide services to every community who becomes an Indonesian Migrant Worker (PMI) and provide insurance in the form of BPJS to PMI so that PMI will feel safe when becoming PMI abroad. In the process, of course, there are several obstacles experienced by PMI such as claiming social security insurance in the form of BPJS that does not meet the requirements. So that the need for strict supervision from BP3MI, so that it can be claimed safely without causing problems.

Globalization has transformed the way nations interact, bringing challenges in protecting the rights of cross-border groups such as migrants, international workers, and minorities. On one hand, globalization promotes closer international cooperation and strengthens the commitment to universal human rights. However, on the other hand, policies implemented by states often fail to align with these changes, creating various obstacles in efforts to protect vulnerable groups caught in different legal systems. This article explores the main challenges faced in protecting the rights of cross-border groups amid the dynamics of globalization. The research employs an in-depth literature review method, focusing on studies related to democratization, human rights, and the challenges encountered by cross-border groups. The findings reveal that, despite significant progress in the international framework on human rights, there remains a gap between policy and practical implementation that affects the protection of cross-border groups. This research also provides policy recommendations to help address these challenges in the era of globalization.

Human Trafficking is a transnational crime, this is because human trafficking involves many countries in terms of planning, real actions and the consequences. The countries targeted are not only developed countries but developing countries such as Indonesia are not immune to this crime. Real evidence can be found in one of the areas in Banten province, namely Tirtayasa Village located in Serang Regency. Many residents think that by going abroad they can change their fate in the village, without thinking about the legal or illegal process. As a result, there are several residents who experience physical violence and not being paid their wages. Therefore, it is necessary to hold comprehensive socialization activities related to human trafficking which include real actions, legal efforts and prevention efforts. The results of this socialization show that the knowledge of village communities who assume that if they can work abroad it will change their fate is a misguided perception. Because in this socialization, the legal and illegal processes related to the departure of migrant workers from Indonesia abroad are conveyed. With this socialization, village communities know that the law will protect them wherever they go as long as they are law-abiding citizens. Furthermore, it is hoped that this activity can be continued by village officials so that it can be a filter for its residents before they dare to work abroad.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) seminar in raising community awareness in Putatgede Village. The seminar, which involved socialization and interactive discussions, successfully provided relevant information on migrant worker recruitment procedures, the risk of fraud, and protection for migrant workers. The active participation of participants from various age groups showed the high interest of the community in obtaining accurate information. Evaluation results showed an increase in participants' understanding of the importance of working through official channels and vigilance against unclear job offers.

This study addresses the issue of Indonesian migrant workers (TKI) whose characteristics do not match the jobs assigned abroad, often leading to complaints from agencies and companies. This mismatch is caused by incorrect job placements and insufficient training, which prompts TKI to leave their assigned jobs. The research aims to better understand the characteristics of TKI that influence successful job placement. The **apriori** method was used to identify patterns and relationships between TKI characteristics, destination countries, and suitable job types. Based on a 30% minimum support, 3 and 4 itemset combinations were produced, showing correlations between TKI characteristics and job positions. Using lowerboundminsupport 0.001 and minmetric 0.1, this study generated 6 itemsets from 13 data points, providing significant correlations between TKI characteristics and more accurate job placements.

This research paper presents preliminary observations on the role of Mosque Istiqlal in Osaka, Japan, in facilitating Islamic religious practices for the Indonesian migrant worker society. As globalization has led to increased migration flows, many Indonesian workers have moved to Japan in search of better economic opportunities. However, living in a non-Muslim majority country presents challenges for practicing their faith.               The study aims to investigate how Mosque Istiqlal serves as a religious and social hub for the Indonesian migrant worker community in Osaka. Through qualitative research methods including interviews, participant observations, and document analysis, this research explores the various functions of the mosque in supporting the religious needs and social integration of Indonesian migrants.The findings reveal that Mosque Istiqlal plays a crucial role in providing a space for collective worship, religious education, cultural events, and social support for the Indonesian migrant worker society. The mosque serves as a center for fostering a sense of community, preserving cultural identity, and offering a familiar environment for religious practices in a foreign land.Through this preliminary study, we highlight the significance of religious institutions like Mosque Istiqlal in supporting the well-being and integration of migrant communities in host countries. The research underscores the importance of further exploration into the role of religious institutions in facilitating the religious and social needs of migrant populations, contributing to a better understanding of the intersection between religion, migration, and community building.

The community service aims to provide literacy on financial management and mental health for workers and students abroad. The education focuses on how migrants and students can manage their finances healthily while abroad and maintain their mental health during their time working or studying in Taiwan. The expected outcome is that participants gain additional knowledge on how to manage their finances and health while in a foreign country. With this knowledge, it is hoped that they can prevent mental health and financial issues, thus enabling them to work and study effectively and increase productivity.

Two big problems generally faced by developing countries like Indonesia are low human development which leads to prosperity and economic inequality or inequality in the distribution of income between high-income groups and low-income groups. Migrants can increase family income in the area of origin thereby creating prosperity for the family and the area of origin through remittances sent by migrants from the migration area. This study aims to analyze the direct influence of education level, length of service, marital status, family responsibilities on the income and remittances of migrant workers in Denpasar City and the indirect influence of education level, length of service, marital status and family responsibilities on remittances through the income of migrant workers in the City Denpasar. The sample used in this research was 100 migrant workers in Denpasar City. This research uses a probability sampling method. The analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis and path analysis. The research results obtained state that education level, length of service, marital status and family responsibilities have a direct, positive and significant effect on the income of migrant workers in Denpasar City. Education level, length of service, marital status, family responsibilities and income have a direct positive and significant effect on remittances by migrant workers in Denpasar City. Education level, length of service, marital status and family responsibilities have an indirect effect on remittances through the income of migrant workers in Denpasar City.

Trafficking is currently a serious and urgent global problem. Indonesia itself is also a barn of human trafficking victims, especially related to the labor migration of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) sent abroad. Many migrant workers are victims of exploitation and human rights violations due to human trafficking. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the protection of PMI rights through national and international legal frameworks. This research aims to analyze the legal framework for the protection of migrant workers as victims of human trafficking abroad. The method used is normative legal research by examining relevant national and international laws and regulations. The results show that Indonesia has a strong commitment through the ratification of various international legal instruments to protect migrant workers. However, law enforcement still faces various obstacles and there is a need for stronger cross-border cooperation. Therefore, a more comprehensive policy is needed to improve the protection of migrant workers.

Migrant workers or often known as Indonesian workers are workers who are facilitated to find work abroad and of course facilitated by the government. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence the amount of remittances, determine the workload obtained, and determine the correlation between the level of workload and the amount of remittances and the utilization of remittances. This research uses observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation methods in the data collection process. The theory used in this research is Rational Choice from James. S. Coleman. The technique of determining informants using purposive with the criteria of factory workers who live in Jambul View apartments. The results showed that there are several factors that influence the amount of remittances, namely family dependents, daily needs of migrant workers, and workload. In addition, the utilization of remittances is used to meet family needs, pay debts, pay for siblings education, and to save.

Female Indonesian Migrant Workers in carrying out their work overseas certainly experience various problems and obstacles, unmarried and married female PMIs have an effort to solve their problems. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The aim of this research is to find out what strategies Indonesian migrant workers have to defend themselves and recover from what is experienced by both unmarried and married migrant workers. The theory used is rational choice theory from James Coleman. The results of this research are that female Indonesian migrant workers have different strategies between unmarried and married female migrant workers in defending themselves and solving problems to get back on their feet, they have the choice to take action in accordance with what they experience, basically that Individual actions lead to a goal and that goal is an action determined by values ​​and preferences (choices)   Pekerja Migran Indonesia perempuan dalam melakukan pekerjaannya di perantauan tentu mengalami berbagai masalah dan hambatan, PMI Perempuan yang belum menikah dan sudah menikah memiliki suatu usaha dalam menyelesaikan masalahnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatitf dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seperti apa strategi Pekerja migran Indonesia untuk mempertahankan diri dan bangkit kembali dari apa yang di alami baik pekerja migran yang belum menikah maupun sudah menikah. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori pilihan rasional dari James Coleman. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu pekerja migran Indonesia perempuan memiliki strategi yang berbeda antara PMI Perempuan yang belum menikah dan yang sudah menikah dalam mempertahankan diri dan menyelesaikan masalah untuk bangkit kembali, mereka memiliki pilihan untuk melakukan tindakan yang sesuai dengan apa yang di alami, pada dasarnya bahwa tindakan perseorangan mengarah pada suatu tujuan dan tujuan tersebut adalah tindakan yang ditentukan oleh nilai dan preferensi ( pilihan ).    

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major global health problem and is spreading all over the world, including in Indonesia. In recent years, the incidence of TB in Indonesia has continued to increase. Data in East Java also shows that TB is increasing at any time and one of the largest is in Jember. This is caused by various factors, such as the lack of public knowledge about TB, high poverty rates, and lack of access to health services. Therefore, efforts are needed to increase public knowledge about TB and how to prevent its spread. The aim of this program is to provide education related to TB disease prevention among the people of Banjarsengon, Patrang District, Jember, East Java. The target of this program is the general public who are at risk of contracting TB, such as migrant workers, farmers and informal workers. The method used is presentation using actual references and socialization. Socialization can be done through various media, such as leaflets distributed to participants. The socialization material presented included an explanation of TB symptoms, ways of transmission, ways of prevention, and access to health services. Apart from that, educational media is also made, which can be in the form of short videos as an illustration for the participants of this education for prevention and early detection. With increasing public knowledge, it is hoped that it can reduce the incidence of TB among the community in Banjarsengon

The phenomenon of migration is a phenomenon that is often found in people's lives as an alternative action to make a move for a specific purpose, including work. Migration is one of the causes of population movement between regions. The development gap between cities and villages continues to be a driving force for migration. It is inevitable that every human being would want to have a comfortable place to live with adequate facilities, for example there are places for entertainment, sports, education, and so on. The era of globalization has also removed barriers for everyone to migrate between countries and even continents. International migration of labor can be interpreted as the movement of individuals from one country to another with the aim of getting a job. Globalization also makes people to carry out mobility with various reasons they have. Problems with migration also do not include the problems of the destination (recipient) country, but also the country of origin, where after the immigrants return to their country of origin it becomes a problem that must be resolved. priority so that they have a high quality and level of competitiveness as well as gain an understanding of their rights as migrant workers. The results of this study are to obtain information about the number of people migrating out of the Tulungagung Regency area and its impact on the economic sector in the Tulungagung Regency area because migration greatly influences the opportunities and challenges in the region.

Human trafficking is an organized crime that violates human rights relating to freedom, security and has the potential to use acts of violence against victims. This research uses empirical juridical research methods by examining a phenomenon that occurs in society associated with the applicable laws. The research was conducted to find out the law enforcement against the crime of trafficking in persons, the obstacles in the implementation of law enforcement, and how the police efforts as law enforcers who act to handle obstacles at the level of investigation and investigation. The results showed that law enforcement of trafficking in persons was dominated by trafficking in persons with sexual utilization and trafficking in Indonesian migrant workers. Case handling begins with a public report then submitted to the unit handling human trafficking cases for a series of investigations, investigations, and submission of files to the prosecutor's office. There are different methods in handling cases tailored to the needs of cases of trafficking in persons with sexual exploitation or exploitation and migrant workers. Based on the research, it is known that investigators find various obstacles caused by internal factors or the investigation process itself and external factors or from the community. Law enforcement is carried out with the aim of restoring the law itself so that evaluation is needed so that the handling of human trafficking crimes runs effectively.

MSMEs need to provide opportunities for local entrepreneurs and utilize local resources to help stimulate economic activity and increase the competitiveness of a region as a whole. Based on the problems mentioned above, it is necessary to hold training on the use of digital marketing tools and socialize the processing of business permits for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Pagak Village, Banjarnegara Regency as a solution. In the socialization process, an MSME association was also formed whose members were active in the business world in Pagak Village. All presenters have tried to provide all the knowledge about the digital marketing and bookkeeping process for MSMEs and various interesting things regarding business licensing, so it is hoped that the entrepreneurial knowledge provided can be directly applied by the MSME community, especially in Pagak Village.