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The institution of marriage in Indonesia has long been considered a social and moral milestone. However, in the digital era, shifting gender roles and the rise of social media have significantly transformed how young women perceive marriage. This study aims to explore the perceptions of early adult women (aged 18–25) toward the #MarriageIsScary narrative on TikTok, focusing on content from the account @bobahagia19. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using interviews, observations, and content analysis of selected TikTok videos. The findings reveal that the #MarriageIsScary trend represents a collective expression of emotional anxiety, self-awareness, and social critique of traditional marriage norms. Participants perceived marriage as an uncertain institution, often associated with emotional instability, betrayal, and loss of autonomy. Yet, the same discourse also fostered empowerment and solidarity among women, forming what scholars describe as digital sisterhood. The discussion integrates sociological and media theories (Giddens, 1992; Papacharissi, 2015; Banet-Weiser, 2018) to illustrate how digital narratives both reflect and reshape cultural meanings of marriage in contemporary Indonesia. Overall, the study concludes that TikTok functions as a participatory space where young women redefine marital expectations through shared emotions, storytelling, and online community engagement.

Gender equality theory, which is a branch of gender studies, offers an in-depth view of how gender inequality can occur in various aspects of life, including in the legal system. In simple terms, this theory distinguishes between formal equality and substantive equality. This research aims to analyze gender equality theory which can be used as an analytical framework for understanding injustice for female victims in the criminal law enforcement system and the impact of gender injustice in the criminal law enforcement system on female victims. This research uses a type of normative research with a conceptual approach. The data source used comes from secondary data. The data collection method is carried out through documentation studies. This research shows that gender equality theory is a very relevant analytical framework for understanding the injustices experienced by female victims in the criminal law enforcement system. Gender injustice in the criminal law enforcement system has a broad and deep impact, not only on individual female victims but also on social, cultural and institutional structures.

This study aims to determine the role of gender diversity in moderating the performance of the social environment, and governance on financial risk. This research approach is quantitative by using secondary data. ESG data and financial risks will be obtained from the annual reports of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during a certain period, for example 2018–2023. This study uses a moderated regression analysis (MRA) approach to examine the influence of gender diversity moderation on the relationship between ESG performance. This study reveals that gender diversity has a significant moderating influence on the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and corporate financial risk.

Previous studies have shown that red ginger has the potential to treat PCOS because it has been proven to be able to reduce serum FSH, LH and estradiol and testosterone, inhibit the cyclooxygenase pathway, change the pituitary axis, inhibit lipoxygenase expression in various animal studies. The purpose of this study is to prove the potential of red ginger extract as a regulator of anti-androgenic, ovulation, estrogenic activity and reduce insulin resistance. The research design used was for experimental research using a post-test-only control group design. And for the analysis of the potential bioactivity of red ginger extract as an immunomodulatory agent computationally (Insilico). Animal care was carried out in the Pharmacology and Biomedicine Laboratory and has received approval from the Ethics Committee. The sample used was a female Wistar rat on the 56th day of the experiment (after modeling). All treatments were given orally for 28 times. Independent variable = Red ginger extract. Dependent variable = Dependent variables are 1. Hormones: Testosterone, LH, FSH 2. ovarian inflammation activation (PPARγ activation and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and ROS, NFKB, TNF a. 3. Insulin resistance (insulin, glucose, HOMA IR) and 4 Lipid profile (TG, HDL, LDL, cholesterol). Control variables are: 1) Gender; 2) Age; 3) Strain; 4) Food and beverage intake; 5) Maintenance and care. Quantitative and qualitative research data. using parametric tests, namely One-Way ANOVA after meeting the requirements for normal data distribution and the same data variance. The One-Way ANOVA statistical test is continued with the Tuckey test to determine the differences in each group.

The literacy program implemented at MTs Muslimat NU as part of the MBKM initiative addresses the low reading interest among students by fostering a sustainable reading culture. This program aimed to optimize the school library as a center of learning and increase students’ participation in literacy activities. Activities were structured to accommodate gender-specific groups, dividing each class into two sessions—one for female students and another for male students—conducted from Monday to Thursday. Each group participated twice weekly, engaging in reading exercises, book discussions, and digital literacy training. The methods involved collaborative planning with teachers and students of MBKM, surveys, and focus group discussions to identify the specific needs of the school community. The results demonstrated significant improvements in reading habits, as evidenced by a 30% increase in library visits and active participation in literacy clubs. Additionally, the program fostered the emergence of student leaders who encouraged their peers to engage in reading and critical discussions. This participatory approach proved effective in creating a dynamic literacy ecosystem and strengthening social cohesion within the school. The findings underline the importance of integrating literacy programs with active community participation and optimizing libraries as educational hubs, ensuring long-term benefits in developing reading skills and fostering a culture of knowledge-sharing. 

This research examines the role of gender equality in fostering economic development across different cultural contexts. By analyzing data from various countries, the study evaluates how gender equity in education, employment, and political participation correlates with economic growth. Findings suggest that countries with greater gender equality experience more sustainable economic development, underscoring the importance of inclusive policies.

The study investigated how Cola nitida affects the sweat concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) in male and female subjects. Sixty healthy participants (30 males, 30 females) aged 18–28 years, with varying body weights (underweight, normal weight, overweight), were selected. Subjects were exposed to three conditions: normal chamber temperature (27°C, 70% RH), raised temperature (37°C, 90% RH), and exercise at normal temperature (27°C, 70% RH) while riding a bicycle ergometer at 750J/min for 20 minutes. Prior to the experiment, 0.5g/kg body weight of Cola nitida was consumed, followed by a 90-minute rest. Sweat samples were collected to measure ion concentrations. Results showed no significant changes in sodium (Na) concentrations between males and females under normal and raised temperature conditions. However, under exercise conditions, there was a significant increase in sweat Na in female underweight subjects compared to males. Regarding chloride (Cl), there was no significant difference between males and females under all conditions. For potassium (K), significant increases were observed in the sweat of female underweight subjects compared to males in normal, raised temperature, and exercise conditions. Conversely, decreases in sweat potassium were noted in female normal weight subjects under normal conditions and overweight subjects under raised temperature and exercise conditions compared to males.

How Cola nitida could affect the urine calcium and magnesium concentrations of the male human subjects in comparison to the female counterpart were focused on. Sixty subjects (males=30 and females=30) and unaccustomed to Cola nut eating were involved. Their age range was between 18 and 28years. Three (3) sub-categories were involved: underweight=10, normal weight=10 and overweight=10. Hypertensive, renal and any subject with cardio-pulmonary-related conditions were exempted from the study. The normal chamber temperature, (RT=270C and RH=70%), the raised chamber temperature (RT =370C and RH=90%) were studied. Sequel to the foregoing, the subjects sat quietly in the sweat chamber for 20 minutes. The third experimental condition was the normal chamber temperature with exercise (RT=270C and RH=70%) and the subjects rode a bicycle ergometer at 750J/minute for 20 minutes. All of these happened prior to the consumption Cola nitida. Ahead of the experimentation in the sweat chamber, the subject urinated in a container in order for the timed urine volume to be measured and urine was again taken at the end of the experimentation that was also measured in order to obtain the actual urine volume within the given period. Thereafter, the urinary flow rate was calculated. The urine calcium and magnesium concentrations were likewise estimated. 0.5g/kg body weight of Cola nitida was given to each subject and chewed as a bolus. After swallowing, 50ml of deionized water was given to each subject to drink and the subject was allowed to rest for 90 minutes before being brought into the sweat chamber. The results showed that in respect to urine Ca ions concentration, no significant change was observed in a comparison between the males and females after the ingestion of Cola nitida under normal, raised temperature and exercise experimental conditions. As regards urine Mg ions concentration, no significant change was observed in a comparison between the males and females after the ingestion of Cola nitida under normal and exercise experimental conditions. However, there was a significant increase in Mg ions concentration in the female UW and NW subjects compared to the males after the consumption of Cola nitida under raised temperature condition.

The student study period is one of the important aspects to measure the quality of a higher education institution. The length of the student study period can be assumed to come from internal factors and external factors, so it is necessary to conduct research that aims to identify and model the factors that affect the student study period. The method used in this research is logistic regression and the data used is primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires. The target of this research is aimed at alumni students from the Mathematics Study Programme of Udayana University from 2011 to 2019. In this study, the best model produced has a classification accuracy of 98.17% and the independent variables that have a significant effect on the study period are gender, tuition fees and interest in majors.

Objective: The study aimed to assess the adjuvant role of dexamethasone in multimodal analgesia to control postoperative pain for various laparoscopic surgical procedures.  Methods: From January to April 2023, a study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital involving 80 patients prepared for various laparoscopic procedures, classified as ASA grades I and II. The participants were divided into groups (A and B) of 40 patients. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding gender distribution, age, BMI, ASA grade, anesthesia duration, and surgical procedure duration. Group A comprises patients administered dexamethasone 8 mg intravenously one hour before the induction of anesthesia, whereas Group B patients received a normal saline (placebo). The analgesic effect was assessed by measuring the VAS score for each group at 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours post-discharge from the recovery room. The study also evaluated the necessity for potent analgesics among the study population in each group. Results: The study findings indicate that dexamethasone significantly reduces postoperative pain, as evidenced by lower VAS scores in patients administering dexamethasone compared to those receiving a placebo, especially at 6 and 24 hours post-transfer from the recovery room. Additionally, patients administering a placebo exhibit a significant demand for potent analgesia in contrast to the group receiving dexamethasone. Conclusion: The study indicated that a single-dose injection of dexamethasone 8 mg administered preoperatively for various laparoscopic procedures significantly decreases postoperative pain. Effective pain management promotes early recovery and shortens hospital stays, reducing staff stress and providing financial benefits to the institution. We recommend using dexamethasone as a safe and effective medication for alleviating postoperative pain.

The aims of this research are To find out the leadership style of women in the Surakarta City Health Office,To find out the role of women leaders based on leadership style in public office, To find out the challenges of women leaders in public office. This research uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach. The source of this research is the actions and habits of the Head of the Surakarta City Health Service, which were obtained through observations of the work environment of the Surakarta Health Service, in-depth interviews with various related sources, and documentation from biographies and social media. The validity test used to test the validity of this research uses triangulation of methods and data sources. The results of this research are as follows. First, the Head of the Surakarta Health Service has various elements of leadership style, including feminine, masculine, transformational, and transactional leadership styles. This can be seen from his actions and policies in leading the agency. These results explain that there is no relationship between gender and the choice of leadership style. Second, the Head of the Surakarta Health Service has a big role in motivation and is also a good role model for the agency, so the Surakarta Health Service becomes the best agency in the Surakarta City government. Third, as a woman, the Head of the Surakarta City Health Service does not experience problems or obstacles caused by gender differences. These results show no differences in the challenges faced by men or women.

This study aims to examine The Effect Of Work-Life Balance On Employee Job Satisfaction at PT Ide Kreasi Warna, a company engaged in the sales of paint and building materials. The research method involved 48 respondents grouped based on demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and education level. Linear regression analysis results showed a positive relationship between work-life balance and job satisfaction, with a positive regression coefficient, indicating that a one-point increase in work-life balance would increase job satisfaction by 61.9%. The partial significance test (t-test) confirmed that work-life balance has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, with t_calculated (9.438) greater than t_table (1.679) and a significance value (0.00) less than 0.005. The determination coefficient shows that 75.7% of the variation in job satisfaction is influenced by work-life balance. This conclusion suggests that a good work-life balance can enhance employee job satisfaction. To improve work-life balance, the company is advised to implement programs such as family gathering events. Future research is expected to explore other factors affecting job satisfaction beyond work-life balance, given that 25.3% of the variance may still be influenced by other variables.

This study aims to analyze the interpretation of hadiths concerning women’s roles in the public sphere through a hermeneutical approach, reaffirming an inclusive and contextual Islamic perspective on gender. The research arises from the dominance of literal and patriarchal readings of hadiths that tend to limit women’s participation in social and educational domains. Employing a qualitative library research method, this study examines relevant hadith texts and explores the views of contemporary Muslim hermeneutical thinkers such as Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, Fazlur Rahman, and Amina Wadud. The findings reveal that hermeneutics provides a methodological framework capable of fostering gender-just interpretations by emphasizing the historical, social, and moral dimensions of the hadith text. The reinterpretation demonstrates that many hadiths previously understood restrictively are, in fact, contextual rather than universally normative. The study’s implications encourage a new paradigm in Islamic scholarship that is more reflective, critical, and socially responsive. The novelty of this research lies in integrating hermeneutical analysis with thematic hadith studies on women’s participation in the public domain, an area rarely explored in depth. This research thus contributes significantly to developing a more humanistic and egalitarian Islamic epistemology.

Fear of crime is closely linked to various factors such as education, income, race, age, and especially gender. Many studies have shown that women tend to experience higher levels of anxiety than men, thus limiting their participation in utilizing urban outdoor spaces. This condition emphasizes the need for crime prevention efforts to be integrated into urban planning, emphasizing the fulfillment of a sense of security not only physically but also psychologically. If the city fails to provide an adequate sense of security, it will lead to increased anxiety, discomfort, and ultimately limit community involvement in the use of public spaces. This study aims to identify design factors that influence women's sense of security and psychological safety in downtown areas. The research paradigm used is post-positivism with a quantitative approach, reinforced by walkthrough analysis techniques to produce more accurate findings. The results show that control factors are the most dominant aspect in influencing women's psychological security and safety, while sub-factors such as lighting, diversity of activities, availability of open spaces, and road conditions have also been shown to play a significant role in reducing women's anxiety when accessing public spaces. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of city center design that is not only oriented towards physical function alone, but also pays attention to psychological aspects in order to create a safe, inclusive, and gender-friendly urban environment so that women can feel more protected and free to participate in urban life.

The social construction of lesbians in Makassar City is greatly influenced by the social dynamics around them. The processes of externalization, objectification, and internalization experienced by lesbian individuals create space for the lesbian community to form more flexible and diverse identities and roles. Nevertheless, the challenges that lesbians face are related to social norms that often limit the expression of their identities, both in heterosexual contexts and within their own communities. Lesbians who choose to display a more feminine or masculine role, or conversely display a more neutral identity, demonstrate an effort to communicate and adapt to it.This research also reveals that there is a tension between the quest for acceptance by wider society and the search for space for freedom of self-expression. For some lesbians, the choice to appear in accordance with social expectations such as feminine or masculine appearance is a way to conform to existing norms, even though sometimes this does not reflect their true identity. On the other hand, lesbians who prefer not to be bound by labels and rigid gender roles show that they are trying to fight for freedom in defining their own relationships and identity. This research contributes to the understanding of how the social construction of lesbians is shaped and influenced by various social factors, culture, and personal experiences, as well as how lesbian individuals navigate their social world by forming a more flexible and evolving identity.    

This meta-analysis examined the relationship between social support and medication adherence among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients through a synthesis of 47 studies (N=12,356). The findings confirmed a significant positive correlation (r=0.42, p<0.001, 95% CI [0.38, 0.46]) with substantial heterogeneity (I²=84.0%). Contrary to Cohen et al.'s (2019) finding that informational support was the strongest predictor, our moderator analyses revealed emotional support as the most robust predictor (β=0.39, p<0.001). Furthermore, this research demonstrated that the effects of social support on MS medication adherence were stronger among women (β=0.18, p=0.023) and patients with longer disease duration (β=0.24, p=0.009), extending Franqueiro et al.'s (2023) findings regarding gender differences in social support effectiveness. Family support showed the largest effect (r=0.48, p<0.001), followed by friends (r=0.40, p<0.001) and healthcare providers (r=0.35, p<0.001). Moreover, mediation modeling revealed a significant role of self-efficacy (indirect effect=0.21, 95% CI [0.17, 0.25]), expanding upon Bandura's (2018) model. Supporting Lavorgna et al.'s (2018) findings, our results confirmed that online social support proved equally effective as offline support (Q=1.87, p=0.171). These findings demonstrated robustness through sensitivity analyses and trim-and-fill procedures, confirming resilience against publication bias (adjusted r=0.39, 95% CI [0.35, 0.43]). The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive identification of key moderators and underlying mechanisms in the social support-medication adherence relationship and the first empirical testing of an integrated mediation model incorporating social support, self-efficacy, and medication adherence in the MS context.

Physical fitness is essential for supporting students' daily activities and learning. This study aims to evaluate the physical fitness of students at SMP Negeri 63 Surabaya, specifically those in class VII D and VIII C, and to compare it between male and female students. The research method used was non-experimental with a comparative design, and data analysis was conducted using the Mann Whitney test and Cluster Random Sampling technique. The instrument for measuring physical fitness was the Tes Kebugaran Pelajar Nusantara (TKPN) and a questionnaire based on the TKPN guidelines. The results showed no significant difference in physical fitness between students in class VII D and VIII C, with a p-value of 0.3 (p > 0.05), indicating that their fitness levels were relatively similar. However, there was a significant difference based on gender. Male students had better physical fitness than female students, with a p-value of 0.00 (p < 0.05). Male students were in the "sufficient" category with an average score of 2.05, while female students were in the "poor" category with an average score of 1.2. Overall, both class VII and VIII students were in the "poor" category, with average scores of 1.15 for class VII and 1.25 for class VIII. This indicates the need for improvement in students' physical fitness.

This research aims to examine the relationship between language and society through a sociolinguistic perspective, focusing on language variations that are influenced by social factors such as class, gender, ethnicity and age. Using the literature review method, this research analyzes various previous studies that discuss language variations, dialects, social identities, and the role of bilingualism in multicultural societies. The research results show that language not only functions as a means of communication, but also as a reflection of social identity, culture and power. Variations in language use, whether in the form of dialect, style, or register, reflect social stratification and power relations in society. In addition, the phenomena of bilingualism and language shift highlight the dynamics of interactions between national languages ​​and regional languages, with potential threats to the survival of regional languages. This research concludes that a deep understanding of language variation is important for preserving linguistic and cultural richness. The limitations of the literature review method underscore the need for further research to enrich sociolinguistic studies.

This research aims to analyze the prosody contained in Javanese using an acoustic phonetic approach. This research also uses an instrumental approach, where researchers use the Praat program to analyze the frequency, intensity, and duration of the voices of male and female Javanese speakers. Data were collected from one male Javanese speaker and one female Javanese speaker. The results of the analysis show that the frequency of the voices of male Javanese speakers tends to be lower than that of female Javanese speakers. The intensity of the voices of male Javanese speakers tends to be smaller than that of female Javanese speakers. In contrast to the frequency and intensity, the duration of the male voice is also higher than that of female voices. This research confirms that there are significant differences in vocal characteristics between male and female speakers of Javanese. These results indicate that there are distinctive linguistic patterns between the two genders in the Javanese language community.

This research is motivated by a lack of knowledge about sexual education and gender issues in early childhood, especially elementary school (SD) students. Sexual education and gender issues are also topics that are currently still hotly discussed and continue to be an important concern in society. Many parents and local communities still consider sexual education to be taboo for young children, especially elementary school (SD) students. The aim of this research is to find out how to change students' views about gender through comprehensive sexual education, to find out sexual education learning methods, and to find out the role of teachers and parents in supporting the success of comprehensive sexual education. This research is based on literature study, namely a series of activities related to collecting library data, reading and taking notes, and processing research materials. The results of this research show that comprehensive sexual education can be a very important tool in changing elementary school students' views regarding gender by providing detailed and comprehensive information. Effective learning methods in teaching comprehensive sexual education are lecture, discussion and question and answer methods. The role of parents in supporting the success of comprehensive sexual education is that parents are ready to provide sexual education to their children, providing role models and guidance, accepting questions from children and providing appropriate responses, emphasizing always respecting privacy. Meanwhile, the role of teachers includes as instructor, guide, mediator and evaluator.