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Academic anxiety is one of the problems commonly experienced by students due to the pressure of assignments, demands for achievement, and concerns about learning outcomes. This article aims to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based counseling in reducing students' academic anxiety and to explain the strategic role of guidance counselors in its application in schools. This study uses a literature review method with a literature review approach. Data were obtained from various national journals relevant to the topics of academic anxiety and mindfulness, then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively through a process of collecting, classifying, and synthesizing the results of previous studies. The results of the study show that mindfulness-based counseling is effective in helping students reduce their levels of academic anxiety through conscious breathing exercises, focusing attention, and accepting learning experiences without negative judgment. In addition, guidance counselors play an important role as facilitators, program developers, role models for mindfulness practices, mental health advocates, and liaisons between schools and parents in supporting the success of interventions. By applying the right methods, mindfulness-based counseling can be an effective alternative service in helping students overcome academic anxiety when implemented systematically and continuously  by guidance counselors in schools.

This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic Religious Counselors as street-level bureaucrats in implementing Islamic Community Guidance policies in Batang Regency. The study used a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design, beginning with the collection and analysis of quantitative data and then deepening with qualitative data. Quantitative data were obtained from 53 respondents using a questionnaire that was tested for validity and reliability. In contrast, qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation with religious counselors, Ministry of Religious Affairs officials, the KUA (Office of Religious Affairs), and the community. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and analytically using Michael Lipsky's street-level bureaucracy theory as an analytical framework. The study's results indicate that the role of Islamic Religious Extension Workers as street-level bureaucrats is positively and strongly associated with the successful implementation of the Islamic Community Guidance policy (r = 0.826; p < 0.01). Qualitative findings revealed that extension workers exercise discretion in the form of community assistance, adjustments to extension methods, strategic flexibility, and responsiveness to socio-religious issues at the local level. This study confirms that the effectiveness of Islamic Community Guidance policies is not determined solely by formal policy design but is highly dependent on the capacity, flexibility, and discretion of Islamic Religious Counselors, the implementing actors at the field level. These findings provide theoretical contributions to the development of street-level bureaucracy studies in the context of religious policy, as well as practical implications for formulating more contextual and responsive policies.

Achilles tendon rupture is a common lower extremity injury that significantly affects functional mobility and gait performance. Post-operative patients frequently experience pain, edema, limited range of motion (ROM), muscle weakness, and impaired ambulation. Physiotherapy rehabilitation plays a crucial role in restoring tissue integrity and functional capacity. This case study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of combined electrotherapy modalities and therapeutic exercises in a post-operative left Achilles tendon rupture patient. The intervention included ultrasound therapy, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), infrared therapy, dry needling combined with Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS), and progressive therapeutic exercises such as isometric training and calf raises. Clinical outcomes were evaluated through ROM measurement, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), edema observation, and gait analysis across four therapy sessions. Results demonstrated gradual improvement in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion ROM, reduction of edema, increased gastrocnemius-soleus muscle strength, and restoration of independent ambulation without assistive devices. The multimodal physiotherapy approach appears to support tendon healing, enhance neuromuscular activation, and accelerate functional recovery during the subacute post-operative phase.

An earthquake occurs when energy is suddenly released within the earth’s layers, potentially causing loss of life and environmental damage. One factor contributing to the high impact of earthquakes is the lack of student understanding and inadequate education on disaster preparedness. This study aimed to assess earthquake disaster management education at the Nur Adia Junior High School Education Foundation, Tanjung Selamat, Deli Serdang. A quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest and posttest was applied, involving 63 eighth-grade students. Data were collected through questionnaires to measure students’ knowledge before and after the educational intervention on earthquake disaster management. The results indicated that before the education, 69.8% of students rarely received information about earthquake causes, 61.9% had never participated in school earthquake evacuation simulations, and 55.5% had never practiced evacuation drills. After the educational intervention, knowledge improved, with 66.6% of students reporting that the program significantly increased their understanding of earthquakes. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (Sig. 2-tailed = 0.000 < 0.05), confirming the effectiveness of the intervention. The study concluded that education on earthquake disaster management can enhance students’ knowledge and preparedness. It is recommended that schools implement regular educational programs and disaster simulation exercises to cultivate students’ readiness and promote a culture of disaster preparedness within the school environment.

This study explores emotional instability and its impact on happiness, focusing on Positive Psychology, Neurobiology, and Stoicism. It aims to identify factors influencing instability of happiness, including stress, social support, and neurobiological dynamics. The research seeks to develop effective strategies to enhance emotional stability and long-term well-being, contributing to theories and practices for fostering enduring happiness in individuals and society. This study employs a qualitative approach, combining in-depth interviews and document analysis to explore emotional instability and strategies for lasting happiness. Nine participants from psychology, neurobiology, and Stoicism fields share personal experiences through narrative analysis, identifying patterns in happiness fluctuations. A comprehensive literature review enhances findings, ensuring validity, credibility, and a holistic understanding of factors influencing emotional well-being.Research reveals happiness is multifaceted, influenced by psychology, neurobiology, and philosophy. Factors like stress, personality, and social support impact emotional stability. Positive psychology emphasizes gratitude, mindfulness, and cognitive restructuring. Stoicism focuses on self-control, acceptance, and living virtuously. Neurobiology highlights the role of brain chemistry and lifestyle factors like diet and exercise. By integrating these perspectives, individuals can cultivate resilience, manage emotions, and enhance overall well-being.This research examines emotional instability and its impact on happiness, combining insights from Positive Psychology, Neurobiology, and Stoicism. Key factors include stress, neurochemical imbalances, and social support. Strategies such as emotional regulation, mindfulness, and resilience-building enhance stability. The study highlights the integration of ancient wisdom and modern science to foster enduring happiness and improve overall well-being.

The purpose of this research is to examine how guidance and counseling instructors may help children in junior high get over their anxiety about speaking out in class. Students' lack of confidence and engagement in class might be exacerbated by the widespread problem of their fear of asking questions. In order to delve further into the issue, this study used a descriptive technique based on qualitative research. Students and instructors of guidance and counseling participated in interviews and observations to compile the data. The results highlight the important role that counseling and guidance instructors play in assisting students in coping with anxiety. Counseling sessions with individuals, group guidance exercises, and making an attempt to establish a welcoming classroom setting all contribute to this goal. Teachers also use excellent communication tactics and motivating initiatives to help pupils feel more comfortable expressing themselves. A more favorable classroom environment may also be achieved via collaboration between topic teachers and counseling instructors. Ultimately, the research demonstrates that students' anxiety of asking questions may be successfully reduced via the use of suitable counseling and guiding interventions. Consequently, students' self-esteem, classroom engagement, and academic performance are all much improved when guidance and counseling instructors are present.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction, mucus hypersecretion, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. This condition causes shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, and increased respiratory rate which impacts increased respiratory muscle work. One of the non-pharmacological interventions that can be applied in nursing practice is diaphragmatic breathing relaxation to help improve breathing patterns and increase respiratory muscle relaxation. Objective: To analyze the application of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation in improving respiratory muscle relaxation in asthma patients in the inpatient ward. Method: The study used a case study design with an Evidence Based Practice (EBP) approach. The research subjects were three asthma patients who experienced increased respiratory frequency. The intervention was carried out for three days in the form of structured diaphragmatic breathing exercises. Data were collected through nursing assessment, observation of respiratory frequency before and after the intervention, and evaluation of patient responses. Results: Before the intervention, all respondents experienced tachypnea with the use of accessory respiratory muscles. After three days of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation, the respiratory rates of all three respondents returned to normal (12–20 breaths/minute), respiratory muscle tension decreased, and the patients appeared more relaxed. Conclusion: Diaphragmatic breathing relaxation is effective in increasing respiratory muscle relaxation and stabilizing respiratory rate in asthmatic patients. This intervention can be used as part of non-pharmacological nursing care for patients with respiratory system disorders.

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) in children often results in joint stiffness, muscle weakness, limited range of motion, and gait impairment following surgical management and immobilization. Early physiotherapy intervention is essential to restore hip function and walking ability. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of active exercise on functional walking in outpatient children aged 3–5 years after DDH surgery. A case study design was conducted on three female patients who completed a five-week rehabilitation program consisting of ten active exercise sessions, including hip strengthening, mobility training, and balance exercises, combined with a home program. Outcome measures included hip range of motion, Manual Muscle Testing, and Modified McKay and Harris Hip Score assessed at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention. The results showed improvements in hip range of motion, particularly in flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and external rotation, while internal rotation improved but did not reach normal values. Muscle strength increased from grade 1–2 to grade 3 in most hip muscle groups. Functional walking scores improved from poor to good and excellent, with patients achieving independent, symmetrical gait without pain. These findings indicate that active exercise is an effective rehabilitation approach to reduce impairments and enhance functional walking in children after DDH surgery. The study highlights the importance of structured physiotherapy and caregiver involvement to optimize recovery and participation in daily activities.

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that can cause impaired gas exchange due to lung tissue damage, increased mucus production, and decreased lung elasticity. This condition may lead to shortness of breath, decreased oxygen saturation, and ineffective breathing patterns. Non-pharmacological nursing interventions such as pursed lip breathing exercise and body positioning are needed to improve respiratory function. The combination of pursed lip breathing exercise and the high Fowler position is expected to enhance alveolar ventilation and improve oxygenation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Method: This study is a quantitative research with a pre-experimental/quasi-experimental design using a pre-test and post-test approach. The sample consists of pulmonary tuberculosis patients who experience impaired gas exchange and meet the inclusion criteria. The intervention provided is a combination of pursed lip breathing exercise and the high Fowler position. Gas exchange is measured by assessing oxygen saturation and respiratory rate before and after the intervention. Data will be analyzed using appropriate statistical tests to determine the effect of the intervention.Results: The expected results of this study are an increase in oxygen saturation and improvement in respiratory rate after the application of the combination of pursed lip breathing exercise and the high Fowler position in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Conclusion: The combination of pursed lip breathing exercise and the high Fowler position is expected to have a positive effect on improving gas exchange in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and can be applied as an independent nursing intervention in clinical practice.

Lifestyle changes, such as smoking habits, low physical activity, and suboptimal sleep patterns, have the potential to affect various health indicators. However, empirical evidence showing a direct link between lifestyle factors and objective health indicators still shows varying results. This study aims to analyze the relationship between lifestyle factors and health indicators in adult respondents, in an effort to provide an empirical picture of behavioral factors related to health conditions. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional observational analytic design. Data were obtained from 94 respondents who had complete lifestyle data and health examination results. Lifestyle factors analyzed included smoking habits, exercise frequency, and sleep duration, while health indicators included body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood sugar levels, cholesterol, uric acid, and pulse rate. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, and the Spearman correlation test according to the characteristics of the data distribution. The results showed that smoking habits were significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), exercise frequency was significantly associated with BMI and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), and sleep duration was significantly associated with uric acid levels (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the relationship between lifestyle factors and other health indicators did not show statistical significance. These findings indicate that the influence of lifestyle on health is specific to certain indicators and is not evenly distributed across all health parameters. This study concludes that identifying lifestyle factors relevant to certain health indicators is important as a basis for formulating more targeted health promotion strategies.

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases among the elderly and is often accompanied by insomnia. This condition can increase anxiety and reduce quality of life. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) is an effective non-pharmacological therapy to lower blood pressure and improve sleep quality. This paper describes nursing care for elderly patients with hypertension and insomnia through PMR application at RSUD Embung Fatimah Batam City in 2025. A case study approach was used through the nursing process, including assessment, nursing diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation. The main nursing diagnosis was sleep pattern disturbance related to physical discomfort and anxiety. Interventions included education and PMR exercises for six consecutive days. Results showed blood pressure decreased from 180/100 mmHg to 130/80 mmHg, sleep quality improved from difficulty sleeping to 6–7 hours per night, and anxiety levels reduced. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy proved effective as an independent nursing intervention to reduce blood pressure and improve sleep quality in elderly patients with hypertension and insomnia. Nurses should use this therapy as a routine non-pharmacological intervention in gerontological nursing practice.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly significantly impacts quality of life (QoL) due to physiological changes in aging, comorbidities,and the risk of chronic complications. Nutritional management is considered a key intervention to improve glycemic control and functional status in the elderly.Objective: To review the current evidence regarding the effect of nutritional interventions on the quality of life in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus through a Literature Review approach.Methods: The Literature Review was conducted by identifying articles from the Scopus database published in 2020–2025. The review process included screening based on inclusion-exclusion criteria, eligibility assessment, and narrative synthesis of relevant studies,including controlled trials,quasi-experimental studies, observational studies, and systematic observations.Results: From the selected studies, interventions with a low glycemic index diet and a balanced diet have been shown to reduce HbA1c levels and the risk of complications; a multicomponent program combining diet and exercise produces synergistic effects on glucose control, physical function,and quality of life.Structured nutrition education (DSME) and family involvement improve satisfaction and metabolic outcomes.The use of technology (mobile apps) shows potential in monitoring intake and glucose,although digital literacy challenges and limited sample size and study design are often limitations.Conclusion: Targeted nutrition interventions, especially when combined with exercise, education,family support,and age-friendly technology,have the potential to improve metabolic control and quality of life in older adults with T2DM.Recommendation: Large-scale RCTs and more robust longitudinal studies are needed to establish the long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of multicomponent nutrition interventions and technology adaptations for older adults with multimorbidity.

This study aims to develop a pop-up book learning medium with the theme “Einkaufen” (Shopping) as a German language instructional medium for Grade XI students at SMA Negeri 3 Binjai. The background of this study is the low level of students’ understanding of the learning materials and their lack of learning motivation due to the use of monotonous conventional media. This research employs a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model, which includes the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The results of the implementation stage indicate that 98.3% of students agreed that the pop-up book is effective for use in German language learning, and 96.7% stated that the material content is easy to understand. The pop-up book consists of six pages containing learning materials and exercises that focus on reading, writing, and speaking skills. Validation by material and media experts yielded a score of 90, categorized as very good. These findings demonstrate that the developed pop-up book medium is not only visually engaging but also capable of enhancing students’ motivation and comprehension in an integrative German language learning process. This medium can serve as an effective alternative for improving the quality of foreign language learning at the secondary school level.

Exercise is a planned physical activity that not only contributes to physical fitness but also plays a significant role in maintaining and improving mental health. This study aims to explore the relationship between physical exercise and mental well-being among adolescents and university students with diverse backgrounds of physical activity. The research employs a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with five informants, consisting of university students who engage in recreational exercise, recreational runners, middle- and long-distance runners, and a sprinter. Data collection was conducted in several public sports spaces in the city of Bandung, focusing on participants’ subjective experiences related to their psychological conditions before and after engaging in exercise. The findings indicate that all participants perceive exercise as an effective means of emotional regulation. Physical activity is consistently associated with improved mood, reduced stress, enhanced sleep quality, stable energy levels, and increased academic concentration and focus. In addition, exercise contributes to the development of self-confidence, self-efficacy, and self-control through structured routines. The social aspects of exercise, such as support from peers, communities, and coaches, were shown to strengthen the sustainability of physical activity while also providing essential emotional support for mental health. However, among competitive athletes, performance-related pressure was identified as a factor that may negatively affect psychological well-being, although this effect can be moderated by adequate social support. Overall, the findings of this study emphasize that exercise functions as an adaptive coping mechanism operating through biological, psychological, and social pathways, and highlight the importance of consistency and balance in physical activity to achieve optimal mental health benefits.  

Financial literacy is an important skill that needs to be introduced from an early age so that children can understand the value of money and manage it wisely. This activity aims to improve basic financial literacy among children at LKSA Santa Anna Bojonegoro through a participatory educational approach. The implementation method included pre tests, interactive material delivery, discussions, and simple case studies on priority scales and budgeting. Of the 37 participants, 20 children aged 8–18 were sampled. The pre-test results showed an average understanding of basic financial literacy concepts of 73.6%. After the activity, there was an increase in understanding, indicated by the participants' ability to differentiate needs from wants, develop spending plans, and foster savings awareness. The facilitator also found that the main issue among participants was self-control over consumptive behavior, which was addressed through reflective exercises and the implementation of strategies for delaying purchasing decisions. This activity was well-received and proven effective in fostering a rational mindset regarding pocket money management. Overall, this socialization of basic financial literacy can be the first step in developing responsible financial habits from an early age.

The "Desa Sehat Berdaya: Digital-Based Health and Local Economy Innovation" program was implemented in Bulawan 2 Village to address low awareness of preventive health, Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors (PHBS), and limited social education for children and adolescents on bullying, early marriage, and drug abuse (NAPZA). The goal was to improve public health through promotive-preventive interventions, enhance health cadre capacity for sustainable village programs, and increase understanding of healthy behaviors and social risks among youth. A participatory-collaborative approach was used, involving community organization, multi-party coordination, program presentation, intervention implementation, evaluation, and follow-up with health cadres, alongside simple digital media utilization. Results showed increased community participation in posyandu, healthy exercises, and free health checkups, as well as improved cadre capacity through MP-ASI training. For youth, PHBS socialization, anti-bullying, early marriage education, and NAPZA awareness enhanced understanding of healthy behaviors and social issues. Collaboration with Karang Taruna strengthened youth participation and social cohesion.

This study explores the use of English movies as an alternative approach to English language learning for university students, examining its impact on language skills, learning motivation, and cultural awareness. A qualitative narrative inquiry method was employed to capture students' experiences and perspectives on learning through films. The research involved eight university students, selected purposefully, and data was gathered through in-depth interviews. The findings suggest that watching English movies significantly improves students' listening and speaking skills, vocabulary, fluency, and real-world language usage. English subtitles were found to play a critical role in enhancing students' understanding of sentence structures, spelling, and contextual meanings. Additionally, films were perceived as an engaging learning tool that reduced monotony and boosted motivation compared to traditional methods reliant on textbooks and grammar exercises. Moreover, students reported an increased understanding of cultural nuances, as films exposed them to authentic communication styles, expressions, and social contexts. However, the effectiveness of film-based learning depends on its consistent integration, the careful selection of films that match students' language proficiency levels, and structured pedagogical support. This study concludes that films, when systematically implemented, offer a dynamic and relevant method to engage students and enhance their language learning experience, making it a promising educational tool in higher education.

Health education at the elementary school level represents a long-term investment in developing a stronger and more capable generation. By fostering a proper understanding from an early age, children are expected to build a resilient defense against various health threats. This community service program aims to broaden the knowledge and awareness of students at SDN 054945 Dogang Village, Gebang District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, regarding Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (known as PHBS). As a promotive and preventive strategy, PHBS is essential to instill from childhood to cultivate healthy habits and prevent various health disorders. This study utilizes a qualitative approach, applying the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model. The activity, conducted on July 20, 2024, involved 77 fourth and fifth-grade students and followed three main stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. Socialization was carried out interactively through handwashing tutorial videos, physical exercises, PHBS-themed songs and rhythmic clapping, and Q&A sessions. The results indicated an improvement in students' understanding of various PHBS indicators, including handwashing habits, waste management, healthy food consumption, physical activity, growth monitoring, avoiding tobacco smoke, maintaining toilet cleanliness, and eradicating mosquito larvae. The active participation shown by the students reflects a heightened awareness of practicing PHBS within the school environment. In conclusion, this educational initiative has delivered a positive impact on student knowledge and holds the potential to foster a sustainable culture of clean and healthy living, both at school and in their daily lives.

This community service activity aims to enhance students' literacy skills through creative writing training. The target group consists of students at MTsN 2 INHIL Riau who are still in the early stages of developing writing abilities. The method of implementation includes interactive lectures on the fundamental concepts of creative writing, writing exercises on specific themes, group discussions, and intensive mentoring in creating simple written works. The results of the training show a significant improvement in students' motivation to write, their ability to express ideas in written form, and the production of creative works such as poetry and short stories. Additionally, this activity has sparked a sustained interest in developing a culture of literacy within the school environment, encouraging students to actively engage with writing beyond the training sessions. This indicates that creative writing training is not only effective in developing student potential but also contributes to the strengthening of the madrasah literacy movement, creating a lasting impact on students' literacy habits.

Listening skills are frequently regarded as the most challenging aspect of English language acquisition due to the complexity of the cognitive processes involved. In an orphanage environment, limited access to learning resources remains a primary obstacle to the development of this competence. This community outreach initiative aims to sharpen the listening skills of children at the Bonang Orphanage in Banjarmasin through the integration of subtitled YouTube videos and interactive repetition drill techniques. The implementation method involved 20 children selected via purposive sampling, utilizing a one-group pretest-posttest design. The intervention procedure encompassed the presentation of listening strategies, interactive discussions, and structured repetition exercises designed to build phonological automaticity. Quantitative evaluation results indicated a significant improvement, with the participants' mean score rising from 82.9 on the pretest to 86.7 on the posttest, with a maximum achievement score of 94. The discussion reveals that the use of subtitles serves as a visual scaffolding mechanism that facilitates sound-to-form mapping, while repetition drills strengthen the participants' working memory. Overall, the utilization of digital media and repetitive exercises proved effective in lowering cognitive barriers and increasing the participants' active engagement in English language learning.