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The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) is one of the government’s strategic policies aimed at improving students’ nutritional status and learning quality, particularly at the junior high school level. Early adolescence, aged 13–15 years, is a critical growth period that requires optimal nutritional intake, while national surveys still indicate deficiencies in energy and protein intake among this age group. This study aims to describe the implementation of the MBG Program and the level of student satisfaction as direct beneficiaries. The research employed a quantitative descriptive design conducted over one month in the working area of SPPG Yayasan Bina Bangsa Semarang, Gunungpati, Semarang City. The sample consisted of 101 junior high school students selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through structured questionnaires covering program implementation and student satisfaction aspects. The findings revealed that most students assessed the program implementation as high to very high. Student satisfaction was also categorized as high, particularly regarding food quality, portion adequacy, cleanliness, safety, and service. The MBG Program was considered effective in improving learning concentration, reducing unhealthy snacking habits, and encouraging healthy eating patterns. This study concludes that the MBG Program has been implemented effectively and is relevant in supporting sustainable improvements in students’ nutritional status and educational quality.

The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) is one of the government’s strategic policies aimed at improving students’ nutritional status and learning quality, particularly at the junior high school level. Early adolescence, aged 13–15 years, is a critical growth period that requires optimal nutritional intake, while national surveys still indicate deficiencies in energy and protein intake among this age group. This study aims to describe the implementation of the MBG Program and the level of student satisfaction as direct beneficiaries. The research employed a quantitative descriptive design conducted over one month in the working area of SPPG Yayasan Bina Bangsa Semarang, Gunungpati, Semarang City. The sample consisted of 101 junior high school students selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through structured questionnaires covering program implementation and student satisfaction aspects. The findings revealed that most students assessed the program implementation as high to very high. Student satisfaction was also categorized as high, particularly regarding food quality, portion adequacy, cleanliness, safety, and service. The MBG Program was considered effective in improving learning concentration, reducing unhealthy snacking habits, and encouraging healthy eating patterns. This study concludes that the MBG Program has been implemented effectively and is relevant in supporting sustainable improvements in students’ nutritional status and educational quality.

. Malnutrition rates among children remain quite high, according to 2024 national statistics, which indicate that good eating habits in accordance with balanced nutritional needs are not yet ideal. Children's eating habits, dietary diversity, and parental understanding all impact their nutritional status. To promote optimal growth and development in children, it is crucial to monitor and establish appropriate eating habits from an early age. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between eating habits and nutritional status of preschool-aged children. This study used a cross-sectional analytical design and quantitative methodology. Purposeful sampling was used to select a sample of 33 children from the 50 children in the study population. The study was conducted between September 22 and October 1, 2025. A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to examine dietary patterns, while nutritional status was measured through weighing using a digital scale. Based on the findings, 22 children (66.7%) had a healthy diet, while 11 children (33.3%) had a poor diet. The Chi-Square statistical test showed a p value of 0.008 (p < 0.05), indicating a relationship between eating habits and nutritional status in preschool children at Taman Annisa Miruek Kindergarten, Aceh Besar Regency. According to balanced nutrition guidelines, parents should regularly assess their children's growth and focus more on the diversity and balance of their food intake. To improve children's nutritional status as much as possible, schools are required to collaborate with health workers to educate parents and children about nutrition.

Stunting is a condition of growth failure in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition characterized by height below the age standard. This study aims to analyze the dietary patterns of stunted toddlers in the Parigi Community Health Center, Muna Regency, in 2025. The study used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. Informants consisted of mothers who had stunted toddlers as key informants and Posyandu cadres as supporting informants selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions with triangulation validity tests. The results showed that feeding practices for stunted toddlers were still not in accordance with recommendations. All informants had carried out Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD), but exclusive breastfeeding was not optimal due to the perception of insufficient breast milk. Complementary breastfeeding (MP-ASI) tended to be given before the age of 6 months, influenced by the assumption that babies were hungry when they cried and cultural habits. The frequency of toddler meals was irregular, the type of food was dominated by porridge, and food variety was still limited. Consumption of animal side dishes, vegetables, and fruit was also not routinely provided. In conclusion, the dietary patterns of stunted toddlers in the study area do not meet the principles of balanced nutrition and are still influenced by family knowledge and habits. Therefore, increased education for mothers and families regarding appropriate feeding practices is needed to support optimal toddler growth and development.

Indonesia's maritime security faces increasingly complex challenges due to the rise of hybrid threats that combine traditional and non-traditional elements. One of the main threats is the shadow fleet, operating covertly with unregistered ships, evading detection, and exploiting weaknesses in maritime surveillance to engage in illegal activities such as smuggling, illegal transshipment, and unlawful exploitation of natural resources. This phenomenon exacerbates Indonesia's maritime security situation, particularly in strategic areas like the Natuna Sea and the Sunda Strait, which are vulnerable to geopolitical conflicts and overlapping territorial claims. Additionally, transnational crimes such as piracy, drug trafficking, and human trafficking further undermine security in Indonesian waters. To address these threats, Indonesia needs to strengthen its maritime surveillance capacity by adopting advanced technologies such as early detection sistems and the Automatic Identification Sistem (AIS), as well as enhancing coordination between maritime agencies like Bakamla and the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL) to improve responses to harder-to-detect threats. Moreover, international cooperation with neighboring countries and regional maritime organizations like ASEAN must be bolstered to tackle cross-border threats. Strengthening surveillance, modernizing technology, and fostering more integrative maritime diplomacy will be crucial in safeguarding Indonesia's maritime sovereignty and ensuring the stability of this increasingly strategic maritime region.

This community service activity is motivated by the high unemployment rate and the low interest of young people in entrepreneurship due to limited skills and a mindset that is still oriented toward being job seekers. On the other hand, the development of digital technology provides significant opportunities to create independent and productive businesses, especially during the month of Ramadan. This activity aims to build an entrepreneurial mindset and improve public understanding of ethical digital marketing strategies. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR), which consists of problem identification, root cause analysis, solution formulation, program design, and implementation through seminars, training, and interactive discussions. The activity was conducted at the Manbaul Falah Islamic Boarding School in Rungkut, Surabaya, involving young participants. The results indicate an increase in participants’ understanding of business opportunities, the importance of an entrepreneurial mindset, and the effective and responsible use of digital technology. Participants’ enthusiasm during the activity also reflects increased motivation to start entrepreneurship at an early age. This activity has positive implications in enhancing awareness, knowledge, and economic independence of the community through productive and ethical use of digital technology.

Early marriage is a social and legal issue that still frequently occurs in Indonesia and has significant impacts on health, education, and socio-economic aspects. Although the minimum age for marriage has been regulated under Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perkawinan, the practice of early marriage remains prevalent due to low legal awareness, as well as economic, cultural, and social environmental factors. This community service activity aims to increase adolescents’ understanding and legal awareness regarding the impacts and prevention of early marriage. The method used is legal counseling with an educative and participatory approach targeting adolescents aged 15–18 years. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ understanding of legal regulations, the negative impacts of early marriage, and the importance of delaying marriage age. Furthermore, there is a positive change in participants’ attitudes, with a greater focus on education and future planning. Therefore, legal counseling proves to be an effective preventive effort in reducing the rate of early marriage among adolescents.

Tax awareness among the young generation is a crucial issue in national economic development, as taxes are the primary source of state revenue. This study aims to analyze the relationship between tax education and young people's perceptions of state obligations in shaping tax awareness. The method used is a literature review (library research) by analyzing various national scientific journals from the last five years. Results indicate that tax awareness among young people is still relatively low, although digital-based education has shown positive improvements. Perceptions of taxes as a state obligation are strongly influenced by knowledge, trust in government, and tax service quality. Interactive and technology-based education has proven effective in improving understanding and positive attitudes toward taxes. Therefore, synergy between government, educational institutions, and digital media is urgently needed to enhance tax literacy from an early age to ensure future fiscal sustainability.

The development of discipline in children should begin at an early age, particularly in managing time for studying, playing, worship, and resting. Simple time management assistance activities are conducted to help children understand the importance of time regulation and to foster disciplined behavior in their daily activities. These activities include introduction sessions, material delivery, question-and-answer sessions, as well as the distribution of gifts and group photo sessions, all carried out in an interactive and participatory manner. The results indicate that children begin to organize their daily schedules, follow instructions, and demonstrate gradual improvements in discipline. The research method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR), which actively involves children, facilitators, and teachers/ustadzah in the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This approach enables children to learn by doing, fostering a sense of responsibility, critical thinking skills, and the development of positive habits in a sustainable manner. The activity is also supported by the active participation of teachers/ustadzah and the facilitation team to enhance the effectiveness of the learning process; therefore, simple time management assistance based on the PAR method is effective in fostering discipline and orderliness in children from an early age.

This research examines how families and communities play a role in instilling the value of tolerance through multicultural education. As a country rich in ethnic, religious, cultural and linguistic diversity, Indonesia needs an attitude of mutual respect so that social life continues to run in peace and harmony. Therefore, it is important to introduce the value of tolerance from an early age through the child's closest environment, such as family, community and school. In everyday life, the family is the first place where children receive education about tolerance through providing understanding, habituating positive behavior, example from parents, and monitoring children's attitudes. On the other hand, society also has a contribution as a learning environment that introduces children to diversity through social interaction and various joint activities. Schools also play a role in forming a tolerant character by implementing multicultural education in a planned and sustainable manner. This research uses a literature study method by examining various scientific sources related to multicultural education and instilling the value of tolerance. Based on the results of the study, it is known that cooperation between family, school and community has a very important role in shaping children's character so that they are able to appreciate differences, live side by side in harmony, and maintain unity in the life of a diverse society.

Background: Sambirejo is prone to landslides due to steep slopes and heavy rainfall, but community preparedness remains low due to limited awareness campaigns, the absence of emergency response teams, minimal reforestation, and a lack of knowledge about local disaster evacuation procedures. Objective: To determine the preparedness of residents in facing landslides in Dukuh Secang. Method: The method used was a direct survey with a sample size of 57 respondents and used Non- probability Sampling with the Purposive method. Results: The study shows that based on the characteristics of the respondents, the majority are young adults aged 26-35 years (26.3%), the majority are female with 33 respondents (57.9%), and the majority have a high school education (43.9%). The overall results indicate that the preparedness of residents in Dukuh Secang Jetis Sambirejo Sragen is in the “Very Prepared” category. The preparedness indicators showed a high level of knowledge (64.9%), policies and guidelines (94.7%), emergency plans (94.7%), warning systems (94.7%), and resource mobilization (91.2%). Conclusion: The preparedness of residents in facing landslides in Dukuh Secang, Jetis Sambirejo Village, Sragen is in the very ready category with a preparedness index score of 78.9%.

A Normocytic normochromic anemia is one of the most common types of anemia found in geriatric patients with chronic diseases or acute bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) may cause continuous blood loss resulting in decreased hemoglobin levels. This case report discusses a 72-year-old woman who presented to the Emergency Department of Cut Meutia Regional General Hospital with complaints of black stools for four days prior to admission accompanied by epigastric pain, nausea, weakness, and pallor. The patient had a history of long-term use of analgesic and anti-gout medications due to chronic joint pain, which was suspected to be a risk factor for UGIB. Physical examination revealed pale conjunctiva and tachycardia, while laboratory findings showed hemoglobin of 7.1 g/dL, hematocrit of 23.3%, MCV of 82 fL, MCH of 29 pg, and uric acid level of 11.56 mg/dL, leading to the diagnosis of normocytic normochromic anemia caused by UGIB accompanied by gout arthritis. The patient received intravenous fluid therapy, proton pump inhibitors, antifibrinolytic agents, gastroprotective therapy, packed red cell transfusion, and other supportive treatments. During hospitalization, clinical improvement was observed, including cessation of gastrointestinal bleeding, reduced epigastric pain, and increased hemoglobin level to 8.6 g/dL. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management in geriatric patients with anemia caused by UGIB and comorbid gout arthritis.

West Sumatra is one of the Indonesian regions with high exposure to natural hazards, making fast, accurate, and accessible disaster information essential. This study aims to analyze the role of the Instagram account of the West Sumatra Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) in disseminating disaster information, examining both institutional management practices and public interpretation of the messages. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten external informants and six internal BPBD informants, supported by observation and documentation of Instagram-based disaster communication. The data were analyzed through reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that Instagram functions as a channel for early warning, emergency updates, disaster education, documentation, and public interaction. Internal informants described content production through field documentation, editing, 5W+1H-based narration, verification, and coordination with related agencies. Public informants perceived BPBD information as clear, credible, and useful for daily preparedness, although they expected faster updates, simpler visuals, and more interactive content. The study implies that disaster communication through Instagram needs to strengthen verification procedures, real-time updates, human resources, and two-way engagement.

Early reading skills are visual activities that involve the process of translating written symbols into sounds. Children's early reading skills will be developed through learning media that are appropriate to the child's developmental stage. This study aims to identify the need for developing pop-up syllabic learning media to improve the early reading skills of children aged 5-6 years. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Identification of needs is based on three aspects, namely learning media, learning strategies, and analysis of early reading skills. The subjects of this study consisted of 3 teachers and the principal of Kindergarten Al Falah Islamic Kindergarten, Pelita Doktora Kindergarten, and Rizani Putra Kindergarten. Data collection techniques used were interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using the Miles Huberman Technique which includes the stages of data collection, data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions/verification. The results of the study indicate that identification of needs is based on three aspects, namely learning media, learning strategies and analysis of early reading skills. In identifying learning media, it is necessary to develop interesting learning media. Then, in identifying learning strategies, a fun strategy is needed to achieve children's beginning reading skills, and is child-centered. Meanwhile, the analysis of children's beginning reading skills revealed the need for pop-up book media to improve children's relevant beginning reading skills.

This study aims to examine the effect of rhythmic gymnastics on the gross motor development of children aged 5–6 years. The research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 30 children divided into two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group, each comprising 15 children. Data were collected through observation using a gross motor development assessment instrument and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed an improvement in gross motor skills in the experimental group after receiving rhythmic gymnastics treatment. The mean score increased from 23.8 (pretest) to 40.67 (posttest), while the control group increased from 22.2 to 32.33. Category distribution indicated that the experimental group was dominated by high and very high levels, whereas the control group remained in moderate and high categories. The findings indicate that rhythmic gymnastics has a positive effect on the gross motor development of children aged 5–6 years and can be used as an effective learning method in early childhood education.

The increase in national divorce rates based on data from the Central Statistics Agency in 2024, which reached 394,608 cases and rose to 438,168 cases in 2025, indicates that family conflicts remain a legal and social issue affecting family resilience, child protection, and social stability in society. In the Indonesian legal system, divorce is fundamentally placed as a last resort (ultimum remedium) after reconciliation thru mediation, as regulated in Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage, as amended by Law Number 16 of 2019, Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 on Mediation Procedures in Court, and provisions in Law Number 18 of 2003 on Advocates. However, studies on the optimization of the preventive role of advocates in divorce mediation are still relatively limited, even tho advocates hold a strategic position as independent law enforcers within the judicial system. This research aims to analyze the legal position of lawyers in divorce mediation and to formulate the optimization of the lawyer's role in preventing avoidable divorces. The research uses a normative juridical method with legislative, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches thru the analysis of various related regulations, legal doctrines, and scientific literature. The research results show that lawyers not only function as legal representatives in litigation processes but also have a preventive role as legal advisors, negotiators, and facilitators of peaceful family dispute resolution. The optimization of these roles can be achieved thru the provision of objective legal advice, early identification of the root causes of family conflicts, facilitation of communication between parties, and collaboration with mediators and family counselors in the mediation process.

This community service activity aims to instill religious values in the students at TPQ Miftakhul Huda by establishing the habit of praying before and after wudu, as an effort to transform worship practices from mere physical routines into profound spiritual experiences. Using the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, this program is carried out through five main stages: discovery, dream, design, define, and do. The results of the activity indicate that through intensive demonstration and practical guidance, the students experienced significant improvement in discipline, awareness of maintaining purity, and moral responsibility as manifestations of Muslim character from an early age. Integrating prayer into the wudu practice has proven effective as an educational tool in building the foundation of faith from an early age, or the “golden age.” The synergy between the student team, educators, and the utilization of institutional facilities proved effective in establishing operational standards for character education that comprehensively integrate physical, mental, and theological aspects. Thus, the practice of wudu prayer serves as a strategic educational tool in strengthening children’s foundational faith during the golden age amidst the challenges of shifting global values.

Background: Diffable children have a higher risk of developing caries compared to normal children. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of caries in deaf children aged 12-18 years in Denpasar City. Method: This study design was cross-sectional analytic and the target population was deaf children in Denpasar City. The variables studied were sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and behavior of maintaining oral health and caries prevalence. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires and intra-oral examinations. The collected data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Result: The prevalence of caries in deaf children is 81.7%. There was a tendency for boys, age group 12-14 years, poor knowledge and poor behavior to experience dental caries. However, from the results of the analytical test, only gender showed a significant relationship with caries (boys had a risk of 1.3 times (CI95%=1.125-1.741) having caries compared to girls). Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries in deaf children is quite high, especially boys are more at risk than girls. Efforts are needed to increase knowledge and monitor the oral health behaviour of deaf children, especially boys, and to promote early detection of dental caries with support of parents, teachers, health services and the health office.

Character education has become a major topic in modern education due to technological advances, globalization, and lifestyle changes that influence the behavior and moral values ​​of the younger generation. This situation necessitates efforts to build strong character through education based on Islamic values. The family, as the primary educational institution, plays a key role in instilling faith, morals, and ethics in children from an early age. This study aims to examine the role of the family in Islamic character education and evaluate strategies that families can implement to build the foundation of children's morals in today's era. The method used was qualitative research with a library study, collecting data from various sources such as books, scientific journals, and related research findings. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative techniques through the stages of reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The findings indicate that families play a significant role in shaping children's character through role models, the instillation of religious values, effective communication, and supervision of digital technology use. The implementation of Islamic character education within the family environment can create a strong moral foundation, enabling children to face the challenges of the times without losing their moral and spiritual values. This research provides implications that active participation of parents in family education is a major factor in building the character of a generation with noble morals in the modern era.

Indonesia is a country rich in cultural diversity, one of which is the Tedak Siten tradition that is still preserved by Javanese communities, including those in Bancar Village. This tradition is not merely a cultural heritage but also contains important educational and spiritual values in community life. This study aims to understand the meaning of the Tedak Siten tradition, identify the educational and spiritual values embedded within it, and analyze it from the perspective of Islam Nusantara. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques, with informants selected purposively from community members directly involved in the tradition. The findings reveal that Tedak Siten functions as a medium for character education, instilling values such as independence, responsibility, and perseverance from an early age. In addition, the tradition strengthens spiritual values through prayers and expressions of gratitude to Allah SWT. From the perspective of Islam Nusantara, Tedak Siten reflects a harmonious acculturation between local culture and Islamic teachings without contradicting the principle of monotheism. The implications of this study indicate that local traditions can be utilized as contextual learning resources in Islamic education while also serving as a means of preserving valuable cultural heritage. Therefore, Tedak Siten remains relevant not only as a tradition but also as a medium for character building and strengthening religious values in society.