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Environmental damage caused by human activities has become an increasingly pressing global issue. Poetry as a literary work has the power to represent ecological problems symbolically and critically. This study aims to describe the representation of the impact of the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems, namely "Menengajah Ke Atas, Merenungi Ozone yang Tak terlihat" and "Membaca Tanda-Tanda." The analysis is based on Greg Garrard's ecocritical study. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis techniques. There are two stages of analysis, namely the literal and symbolic meaning of the poems, then an ecocritical interpretation is carried out based on Garrard's categories which include pollution, wilderness, apocalypse, dwelling, animals, and earth. The results of the study indicate that both poems represent the impact of the environmental crisis through health problems due to pollution and radiation, damage to water and forest ecosystems, climate change, threats to human living space, and the decline in biodiversity. The research findings also show that the most dominant categories are pollution and apocalypse, which confirms that the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems is the result of human behavior that ignores nature. Thus, Taufiq Ismail's poems not only function as aesthetic works, but also as cultural criticism and moral warnings for humanity.

Environmental damage caused by human activities has become an increasingly pressing global issue. Poetry as a literary work has the power to represent ecological problems symbolically and critically. This study aims to describe the representation of the impact of the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems, namely "Menengajah Ke Atas, Merenungi Ozone yang Tak terlihat" and "Membaca Tanda-Tanda." The analysis is based on Greg Garrard's ecocritical study. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis techniques. There are two stages of analysis, namely the literal and symbolic meaning of the poems, then an ecocritical interpretation is carried out based on Garrard's categories which include pollution, wilderness, apocalypse, dwelling, animals, and earth. The results of the study indicate that both poems represent the impact of the environmental crisis through health problems due to pollution and radiation, damage to water and forest ecosystems, climate change, threats to human living space, and the decline in biodiversity. The research findings also show that the most dominant categories are pollution and apocalypse, which confirms that the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems is the result of human behavior that ignores nature. Thus, Taufiq Ismail's poems not only function as aesthetic works, but also as cultural criticism and moral warnings for humanity.

Indonesia, as a tropical country, is exposed to high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, increasing the risk of skin damage. Sunscreen is widely used as a protective measure indicated by the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of active ingredient variations on SPF values and other influencing factors. A literature review with a descriptive-comparative approach was conducted using research articles published between 2021 and 2026 from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier. A total of seven eligible articles were analyzed. The results showed that the type of active ingredients, concentration, combination of ingredients, and dosage form significantly influence SPF values. Natural ingredients generally produce low to moderate SPF values, while combinations of active ingredients result in significantly higher SPF due to synergistic effects. Increasing the concentration of active ingredients also leads to higher SPF values. Additionally, dosage forms such as creams, serums, sunscreen powder and foundations affect sunscreen effectiveness through their film-forming ability on the skin. In conclusion, the combination of active ingredients and higher concentrations provides more optimal protection against UV radiation.

Micro and small businesses such as grocery kiosks face various operational risks that can threaten business sustainability; however, most business owners have not yet implemented systematic risk management practices. This study aims to analyze the risk management process at Kios Pelita Harapan, a small business established in September 2023 in Maumere, using a qualitative approach through direct interviews with the business owner. The findings reveal that the risk management process at this kiosk encompasses four stages: risk identification, risk analysis and assessment, risk evaluation and prioritization, and implementation and monitoring. The primary risks identified include stockouts of fast-moving goods, product damage due to short expiry periods, fire hazards, power outages, and theft. The owner addresses these risks through daily stock checking, inventory recording, monitoring customer purchasing patterns, and coordinating with suppliers during emergencies. The application of a simple yet structured risk management approach has been proven effective in stabilizing revenue and maintaining customer trust. This study provides practical implications for kiosk business owners in implementing effective risk management despite limited resources.

The practice of adulterating RON 92 (Pertamax) fuel has the potential to violate consumer rights and is contrary to applicable laws and regulations. The practice of mixing lower-quality fuel and then marketing it as RON 92 results in material and immaterial losses for users, including reduced vehicle performance and a loss of trust in business operators. This research aims to analyze the legal protections available to consumers regarding the practice of adulterating fuel based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and related provisions in Law Number 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Gas. The research method used is normative legal research with a library research approach, through analysis of relevant laws and regulations, scientific literature, and secondary legal sources. The results indicate that the practice of adulterating fuel violates consumers' rights to comfort, security, safety, and accurate information as stipulated in Article 4 of the Consumer Protection Law, and violates the obligations of business actors as stipulated in Articles 7 and 8 of the Consumer Protection Law. Business actors can be held accountable for civil damages, dispute resolution through the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK), or subject to administrative and criminal sanctions in accordance with the Oil and Gas Law. Therefore, legal protection for consumers in cases of fuel adulteration requires an interconnectedness between effective government oversight, firm law enforcement, business actor accountability, and increased consumer legal awareness to ensure legal certainty and fairness in trade activities.

Ballast water plays a crucial role in maintaining ship stability during shipping, but it also carries environmental and human health risks due to the heavy metals it carries. This study aims to examine the health risks posed by exposure to heavy metals in ballast water and to assess the effectiveness of management practices implemented in the maritime industry. Using a literature review method, this study examines various scientific sources related to the content of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in ballast water, as well as their impacts on human health and marine ecosystems. The results indicate that heavy metals in ballast water can cause long-term toxic effects such as neurological disorders, kidney damage, and respiratory and reproductive disorders. The greatest risk is experienced by maritime workers who are directly exposed through inhalation or skin contact during the ballast water sampling and processing process. To minimize these risks, strict work safety protocols, improved ballast water treatment technology, and regular monitoring of heavy metal levels are required. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of strengthening ballast water management policies and practices that are oriented towards human health and environmental sustainability.  

The implementation of regional autonomy and fiscal decentralization aims to enhance local governments' financial independence. However, fiscal imbalances between the central and regional governments led to the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2022 (UU HKPD), designed to strengthen regional fiscal capacity. This law introduces a piggyback tax system through a surcharge on the Motor Vehicle Tax. This study analyzes the dynamics of the piggyback tax system in Semarang City, focusing on the implications for taxpayer resistance and regional financial capacity. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study reviewed secondary data from regulatory documents, financial reports, and academic literature. The findings show that the shift towards centralistic fiscal policies and the increase in tax burdens have sparked significant taxpayer resistance. This resistance occurs both passively, due to poor regulatory literacy, and actively, through delays in tax payments. The resistance damages the psychological contract between the state and citizens, undermining local financial stability. It risks reducing local revenue, increasing tax collection costs, and limiting fiscal space for infrastructure development. The study suggests that Semarang’s government needs to adopt an adaptive governance framework with transparent tax allocation, digitalization of services, and persuasive policies to restore public trust and encourage compliance.

The steering gear is a vital component in ship operations, functioning to control the ship’s direction accurately. The reliability of this system highly depends on the performance of the hydraulic system, where the mechanical seal plays a key role in maintaining system pressure and preventing oil leakage. This study aims to identify the main factors causing mechanical seal damage and analyze its impact on the performance efficiency of the steering gear AHTS Logindo Stamina. Qualitative data were obtained through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with the second engineer. Meanwhile, quantitative data were gathered by measuring technical parameters such as oil pressure, operating temperature, and rudder movement time, which were then compared with SOLAS standards. This damage results in oil leakage through the mechanical seal gap, abnormal noise in the hydraulic system, and a significant decrease in working pressure of -25,86%. The operational impacts include the occurrence of steering gear failure alarms, decreased hydraulic efficiency of 25.87%, and the risk of system failure that could endanger ship maneuverability. This study recommends preventive maintenance through oil quality monitoring, environmental condition control in the steering gear room, and periodic mechanical seal replacement in accordance with operational standards to maintaining optimal steering system performance.

The Bajo tribe is a group of people who depend on the sea. The Bajo tribe views the sea as a fundamental entity, and believe that the sea is the source of life. The life of the Bajo tribe is inseparable from the noble values and local wisdom that they hold upto. This Bajo tribal area, with its immense marine biodiversity, faces serious threats from a variety of factors, including overfishing as well as fish bombing, coral reef damage, and environmental pollution. This study uses a Qualitative Descriptive method using an ethnographic study with a number of subjects of two people , informant determination techniques using purposive sampling and subject retrieval using triangulation techniques. The forms of local wisdom of the Bajo Tribe that play a role in preserving the environment are: The Bajo Tribe's belief in spirit spirits or the supernatural, the Tibaanca tradition, and the use of traditional fishing gear. Local wisdom has a role in preserving the environment such as: Sustainable use of natural resources, protection of biodiversity, and control of environmental pollution. The Bajo tribe in Torosiaje uses local wisdom that they hold fast to to preserve the environment from environmental damage.

The prevalence of non-communicable degenerative diseases in Indonesia continues to rise, particularly affecting adolescents and productive age populations due to unhealthy lifestyle patterns and free radical exposure. Purple sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L.), a locally abundant resource often regarded merely as agricultural by-product, contain significant bioactive compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and terpenoids demonstrating potent antioxidant properties with IC50 values of 47.99 ppm. This study employs a qualitative descriptive literature review approach, analyzing 28 scientific publications spanning 2018-2025 sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed databases to examine the potential of purple sweet potato leaves as effervescent tablet raw material for degenerative disease prevention. Findings reveal that bioactive constituents effectively neutralize free radicals, prevent lipid peroxidation, and protect cellular structures from oxidative damage linked to diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. The effervescent tablet formulation provides strategic advantages including enhanced solubility, accelerated absorption rates due to elimination of disintegration processes, pleasant carbonation sensation masking unpleasant active ingredient taste, and superior gastrointestinal tolerance. This innovation offers promising prospects for degenerative disease prevention through local food resource utilization, though experimental validation regarding optimal formulation, effective dosage determination, and clinical efficacy assessment remains necessary for practical implementation.

Consumption of ethylene glycol–containing drugs can cause liver damage. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera L.) on AST and ALT levels, liver morphology, hepatosomatic index, and liver histology in ethylene glycol–induced white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.). A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with 20 male rats divided into five groups: normal control, ethylene glycol control, and three treatment groups (150, 300, and 450 mg/kg BW). Ethylene glycol was administered for 30 days, while the extract was given for 20 days. Blood samples were collected on day 31. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and Duncan’s test. The results showed significant hepatoprotective effects (P = 0.000). AST and ALT levels in the treatment groups differed significantly from the normal control. Liver morphological changes were observed in both control and treatment groups. The hepatosomatic index, number of normal hepatocytes, and central vein diameter also showed significant differences. In conclusion, Moringa leaf extract demonstrates hepatoprotective potential by reducing AST and ALT levels, improving liver morphology, increasing normal hepatocytes, and decreasing central vein diameter, with the optimal dose at 450 mg/kg BW

This study analyzes pragmatic phenomena in digital communication, particularly those related to speech acts and their impact on public perception in the controversial case of an ice cube seller accused without clear basis by the authorities. This study applies a qualitative approach with a pragmatic analysis method based on discourse analysis. Data sources were obtained from online media news, social media posts, and official statements circulating in the digital public space. The analysis techniques used include identifying types of speech acts, interpreting implied meanings based on context, and analyzing public responses. The results show that statements from the authorities contain implications that trigger negative views even though they are not supported by strong evidence. This results in perlocutionary effects in the form of social stigma, reputational damage, and psychological stress for the victim. Conversely, the victim's communication strategies, which include being polite, defensive, and informative, can build a positive image and attract public sympathy. Furthermore, social media plays a crucial role in accelerating the spread of meaning and strengthening the construction of opinions through mass support and criticism. This research makes a significant contribution to enriching the study of pragmatics in the context of digital communication and emphasizes the importance of language ethics, media literacy, and pragmatic awareness in creating responsible public communication.

Extreme changes in water quality, whether in the form of temperature fluctuations, exposure to detergents, pH decreases due to acetic acid, or changes in salinity, have the potential to cause complex physiological disorders in tilapia. The research aims to analyze the physiological responses of tilapia to changes in water quality in extreme environments given exposure to Temperature, Detergent, Acetic Acid, and Salinity. This research was conducted at the Wet Laboratory of Achmad Yani University, Banjarmasin. The physiological parameters observed included fish behavior, respiratory frequency measured by the number of openings and closings of the operculum per minute, gill condition, and mucus production on the body surface. Exposure to extreme environments in the form of high temperatures, detergents, acetic acid, and salinity caused physiological disorders in tilapia with varying levels of response. Exposure to acetic acid had the most rapid and severe impact, characterized by damage to scales and fins, impaired movement to the point of fish capsizing, and unstable breathing, while detergent and temperature triggered changes in external organs, heart rate, and behavior. Salinity treatment primarily affected osmoregulatory function as seen from increased respiratory frequency and heart rate. All treatments showed that extreme changes in water quality can cause significant physiological stress in tilapia.

The Secretariat of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) of Southwest Sumba Regency plays an important role in supporting local government administration. In carrying out its duties, the Secretariat produces various administrative documents that must be properly managed and maintained. However, archive management is still conducted conventionally through physical storage, which increases the risk of document damage, loss, and inefficiency in retrieval. This study aims to develop a web-based archive management information system to improve the effectiveness of document management. The research methodology involves several systematic stages, including needs analysis, system design, development, and system implementation. Data were collected through observation and interviews to identify existing problems in archive management practices. The results show that the developed system provides significant improvements in managing archives electronically. It enables faster data access, better document organization, and reduced risk of physical damage. Therefore, the system offers a practical solution to enhance administrative efficiency and support digital transformation within the DPRD Secretariat of Southwest Sumba Regency.

Kalingara Village still faces various obstacles in financial administration. Problems in general occur such as manual financial records, a long-time report making process, and data storage that is less organized and prone to loss or damage. This condition makes it difficult for village officials, especially the treasurer and village secretary, to search for data, prepare reports, and make decisions based on valid and up-to-date financial data. This research uses software engineering research methods with descriptive and qualitative approaches. This research is focused on the process of designing and developing a web-based information system for village financial administration, which aims to solve real problems in Kalingara village. The design of the Village financial administration information system in presenting information can be used as a reference in the development of the system by the next researcher and facilitate the creation of an information system for the processing of financial administration data in the village.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a structural or functional abnormality of the kidneys that lasts ≥3 months with the criteria of eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m² or the presence of kidney damage such as albuminuria and urinary abnormalities (Kidney International, 2024). CKD patients, especially those treated in intensive care units, often experience gastrointestinal disorders such as increased volume of gastric residues. Giving enteral nutrition to patients with NGT can increase the volume of gastric residue which is at risk of causing complications. One of the non-pharmacological interventions that can be carried out is abdominal massage, which is a light massage technique in the abdominal area that can stimulate intestinal peristalsis and improve gastrointestinal motility. The purpose of this case study was to determine the effect of  giving abdominal massage on reducing the volume of gastric residue in CKD patients in the ICU. This scientific paper uses a case study design using abdominal mass therapy. The number of respondents was 3 people, the intervention was carried out for 3 days with a time of 10-15 minutes. The application of abdominal massage therapy in the three respondents showed a decrease in the volume of gastric residue after admixture was carried out  for three consecutive days with an average decrease in the volume of gastric residue, which was 50 cc - 75 cc. Abdominal massage is a safe and effective nonpharmacological nursing intervention to help reduce gastric residue volume and support enteral nutrient tolerance in CKD patients in the ICU.

This study investigates collaborative governance in road infrastructure repair in Pekanbaru City, Riau Province, driven by the urgent need to address the high number of damaged roads and the limitations of local government capabilities. Utilizing a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, data were gathered from interviews with five stakeholders, field observations, and supporting documents. The study applies collaborative governance theory by Emerson and Nabatchi to analyze road repair efforts in Pekanbaru, highlighting effective collaborative dynamics. Key findings reveal the establishment of a Coordination Team, role clarity, trust, and commitment among stakeholders as factors of success. Essential contributing elements include shared cooperation needs, consequential incentives, leadership support, and sufficient resources. However, challenges such as a volatile political climate, unequal information distribution, and power imbalances pose barriers to collaboration. Overall, the study concludes that collaborative governance in Pekanbaru's road infrastructure enhancement has yielded positive outcomes but calls for improvements in transparency, communication strategies, and the establishment of an integrated information system for effective progress monitoring. Additionally, independent oversight mechanisms are recommended to sustain equitable role distribution and responsibilities among all parties involved.

The environmental friendliness of a fishing gear is an important component in sustainable fisheries management. The use of environmentally friendly fishing gear that complies with the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries is absolutely necessary. Environmental friendliness refers to the ability of a fishing gear to catch fish with minimal environmental impact, because even though the fishing gear can catch fish well, the fishing gear can still cause problems with the marine environment, such as damage to coral reefs and non-selective fishing. The purse seine fishing gear used by fishermen in Laha Village, Ambon is one of the effective fishing gears in catching various types of pelagic fish such as scad, tuna, lemuru, skipjack and mackerel. Purse Seine fishing gear also has a negative impact on the marine ecosystem and therefore this study was conducted to determine the environmental friendliness of Purse Seine fishing gear. The research method that will be used is a descriptive method, namely interviews using questionnaires given to fishermen and data collection through field observations. Based on the results of the study, the Purse Seine fishing gear in Laha Village, Ambon is used to catch several types of small and large pelagic fish and the main catch is scad and skipjack tuna. Based on the calculation results of the criteria for environmentally friendly fishing gear, a score of 30 was obtained, so it can be concluded that the Purse Seine fishing gear in Laha Village, Ambon is included in the very environmentally friendly category. It is recommended that fishermen in Laha Village prioritize their safety and security during the fishing process and while sailing.

The performance of Asphalt Concrete – Wearing Course (AC-WC) is greatly influenced by the characteristics of the mixture, one of which is the void value which plays a role in stability, durability, and resistance to damage. Rainwater is the most dominant environmental factor accelerating pavement damage through stripping mechanisms, bond release, and a decrease in the structural strength of the layer. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on changes in void value with soaking duration, the relationship of void value to the design life of the road pavement, and an empirical model of the design life based on void value with variations in soaking in the mixture using a laboratory test approach. Based on the results of laboratory tests, it can be seen that changes in void values ​​due to variations in soaking time using rainwater indicate that the longer the mixture is soaked, the changes in VIM and VMA values ​​tend to decrease, while VFA increases. The relationship between VIM values ​​and the design life of road pavements in AC-WC layers due to soaking variations shows that the design life decreases sharply when the VIM value is <3%. Thus, long-term immersion can reduce the road life by more than 35% of its ideal design life and based on a simple empirical model equation to estimate the design life of the pavement based on the void value and immersion conditions, N0 = 12.5 years is obtained (Ideal mix design life at VIM = 4%).

The digital era has streamlined the commercialization of musical works, yet conversely heightens the risk of copyright infringement regarding the unauthorized use of songs. This study aims to analyze the legal review of unauthorized song usage, focusing specifically on the Supreme Court Decision Number 825 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2025. This study employs a normative juridical research method using a case approach and a statute approach. Secondary data were gathered through a literature review of relevant regulations, specifically Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. The results indicate that utilizing another person's song for commercial purposes without valid permission from the creator or copyright holder constitutes a clear violation of economic rights, particularly reproduction, distribution, and public performance rights. Through Supreme Court Decision No. 825 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2025, the Panel of Judges reaffirmed the boundaries of law enforcement and civil liability regarding material damages for infringers. The judges' legal reasoning (ratio decidendi) reinforces the position of Collective Management Organizations (CMO) in royalty collection, while providing legal certainty on the evidentiary mechanisms of exclusive rights violations in court. The practical implication of this decision emphasizes the necessity for creative industry actors to secure formal licensing to mitigate future legal disputes.