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The aim of this research is to determine the process of developing teaching materials for observation report texts in the Merdeka phase D curriculum assisted by Lectora Inspire in class VIII SMP and to determine the feasibility of the resulting product. This research uses research and development methods using the Borg and Gall procedure with stages of potential and problems, data collection, product design, product validation, product revision, and limited trials. The feasibility value is calculated using a Likert scale based on the results of material expert validation, design expert validation, and study teacher assessment. The material development process was carried out to add several contributions in developing the existing observation report text material to be better. The research results show that the product resulting from the research "Development of Teaching Materials for Writing Text Reports on Observations in the Merdeka Curriculum Phase D for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Bintang Bayu for the 2023/2024 Academic Year" is included in the "Very Good" category. This is based on the results of validation and material experts which were carried out twice with a score of 89% in the "Very Good" category and media expert validation twice with a score of 93% in the "Very good" category. Thus, the product is said to be suitable for use in the learning process.

This research evaluates errors in the use of Indonesian in non-Indonesian language and literature students' theses, focusing on aspects of spelling, punctuation, use of italics, and writing particles or affixes. Qualitative descriptive methods are used for in-depth text analysis, identifying language errors in various linguistic fields. The findings show that errors in the use of punctuation marks, especially periods and commas, are dominant with percentages of 53.06% and 38.78% respectively. Spelling errors, especially in the affixes "di-" (42.54%) and "ke-" (31.18%), indicate the writer's confusion in separating or combining the affix with the word that follows it. Grammatical errors, especially in the use of prepositions (40.91%) and conjunctions (31.82%), as well as errors in making effective sentences (27.27%). Phonological errors, such as incorrect use of punctuation, can interfere with a reader's comprehension. This shows that students are often influenced by spoken language in academic writing. In addition, spelling and grammatical errors indicate a lack of understanding of correct Indonesian language rules. To overcome this, it requires increasing understanding of grammar rules, consistent writing practice, and reading good written references. In this way, the quality of students' academic writing can be improved, minimizing errors, and increasing effective scientific communication. 

Essays or essays and students, whether at elementary, intermediate, or higher levels, often produce poor results. Many mistakes are made regarding spelling, word choice, and sentence structure. Many students do not understand scientific texts and their rules. This misunderstanding These misconceptions are very seriously researched considering the efforts of the government, educational institutions, including universities, to improve the culture of research in the academics. This research uses a qualitative method with the type of approach in the form of a library study. The results of the research It was found that the factors that cause difficulties in writing scientific papers are, for example, the low motivation of students in writing, lack of confidence and in writing, lack of confidence and lack of mood, low interest in reading, low student curiosity, and students' understanding of scientific papers that are not good scientific writing as well as low mastery of the writing the rules of writing.

In today's digital era, the ability to write effective and professional academic texts has become a very important skill for students. Writing academic texts is not just about writing, but also about how to convey ideas and arguments in a clear, logical and credible way. This article will discuss several important aspects of writing academic texts, including topic selection, research, organizing ideas, and effective writing. In an era of vast and rapidly developing information, the ability to write high-quality academic texts is the key to success in study and career. Students will not only use these skills in their studies, but also in their future jobs. Therefore, it is important for students to understand and develop their writing skills from an early age. In today's digital era, the ability to write effective and professional academic texts has become a very important skill for students. Writing academic texts is not just about writing, but also about how to convey ideas and arguments in a clear, logical and credible way. This article aims to help students understand and develop their writing skills, especially in an academic context. This article will discuss several important aspects of writing academic texts, including topic selection, research, organizing ideas, and effective writing.

Literacy quality is an important aspect in developing students' abilities, especially in the current digital era. This research aims to explore the use of the online media Instagram in improving the literacy quality of students of the Islamic Communication and Broadcasting Study Program (KPI) A, North Sumatra State Islamic University (UINSU) in semester 6. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and observations of participants who actively use Instagram in their academic activities. Research findings show that creative and targeted use of Instagram can improve the literacy quality of KPI A UINSU students. Through the available visual and text features, students can expand their knowledge about current issues in the field of Islamic communication and broadcasting, as well as improve their reading, writing and critical thinking skills. Apart from that, collaboration between students and lecturers via Instagram also opens up space for in-depth discussion and reflection, increasing understanding and appreciation of lecture material. The implication of this research is the importance of integrating social media in learning strategies to facilitate the holistic development of student literacy in higher education.

In the latest curriculum, Indonesian language learning is oriented towards text-based learning. Therefore, students are invited to be able to produce various types of texts according to the material taught. The purpose of this study is to describe the application of the case-based learning model in the case-based learning (CBL) learning model in the Indonesian language subject of writing negotiation texts for class X students at SMK Mataram Semarang in the 2023/2024 academic year, the method used is descriptive qualitative method. This research focuses on the differences after the application of the case-based learning (CBL) model by using observation data, interviews with educators and students and documentation. As for data analysis techniques using descriptive by displaying the results of observations, the results of interviews with educators and students, student learning outcomes in the form of writing results and documentation such as learning documentation based on the steps in the application of the case-based learning (CBL) model and several other supporters. The results obtained after the application of this learning model are that students can have scores above the KKM and can also write independently the negotiation text that has been made in accordance with the linguistic rules.The conclusion based on the results of this study is that the application of the case base learning (CBL) model in class X Boga 1 SMK Mataram Semarang in the 2023/2024 academic year can be applied as an effective learning model to make students in writing negotiation text.  In addition, this application can also add alternative learning for educators.

Implementation of the VARK Model (Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, Kinesthetic) in the context of classroom mastery is a strategy that can provide a more inclusive and effective approach in increasing student achievement. This research aims to explore how implementing the VARK model can improve students' learning experiences and their academic performance. The research method used is a literature study which involves analysis of relevant sources regarding the VARK concept and its application in an educational context. The research results show that by understanding diverse learning preferences, educators can design learning experiences that better suit students' individual needs. Through the integration of different learning strategies, such as the use of pictures and diagrams for visual students, group discussions for auditory students, reading and writing assignments for students who prefer learning through text, as well as practical activities or experiments for kinesthetic students, students can be more engaged in learning and gaining a deeper understanding. This research also highlights the importance of flexibility in teaching, adapting to changing student learning preferences, and evaluating the effectiveness of the learning strategies used. Although the VARK model has advantages in providing guidance for inclusive teaching, it is important to remember that students' learning preferences can change and that various factors also influence students' academic performance.

This research aims to describe the implementation of the learning model project based learning in learning to write proposal texts for class XI students at SMA Negeri 8 Yogyakarta. This research is included in qualitative descriptive research. The subjects in this research were Indonesian language teachers and class XI students of SMA Negeri 8 Yogyakarta, even semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. The objects in this research are learning tools prepared by the teacher and proposal texts produced by class XI students at SMA Negeri 8 Yogyakarta. Data collection in this research was carried out by documentation and observation. The document in this research is the Learning Implementation Plan or Teaching Module. Furthermore, the observations in this research are participatory observations. Based on the analysis of planning, implementation and evaluation of learning, it was concluded that the project based learning model has been able to become a learning model that guides students' independence in learning Indonesian on the topic of activity proposal texts. With this independence, learning will be student-centered, so that the implementation of learning that focuses on new paradigm learning can be achieved optimally.

This study deals with the effectiveness of pair check method in writing announcement text at class X SMA Swasta Raudhatul Hasanah Academic Year 2021/2022. Its objective is to find out whether the use pair check method has a significance effect in announcement text writing. Population and samples used in this study were all students of class X total 27 students. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a one group as pretest and posttest design .This study was carried on using quantitave method. The data was analysed by using t-test.The researcher found the pretest mean = 51,67 deviation standard = 3,67 and experienced an increase in the posttest mean = 81,85  deviation standard = 2,46. From this analysis, writer found that guided pair check method has significane in teaching writing announcement text. It can be proved by the result of the analysis showed that “ ” observed about 35,50 was higher than “ttable” about 2,056 with the level significance is 0,05% it implies that the teacher of English should use pair check method in teaching announcement text writing so that the teaching and learning process can be successful.  

Abstract. This study deals with the use picture word inductive model to improve students’ descriptive text writing class VII SMP Negeri 3 Kutacane Academic Year 2021/2022. Its objective is to find out whether the use picture word inductive model has a significance effect in writing descriptive text.Population used in this study of class VII were 87 and samples used in this study were 28 students. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a one group as pretest and posttest design .This study was carried on using quantitave method. The data was analysed by using t-test.The researcher found the pretest mean = 44,64 , deviation standard = 6,37 and experienced an increase in the posttest mean = 78,57 deviation standart = 4,05. From this analysis, writer found that guided picture word inductive model has significane in teaching writing descriptive text. It can be proved by the result of the analysis showed that “ ” observed about 23,73 was higher than “ttable” about 2,052 with the level significance is 0,05% it implies that the teacher of English should use picture word inductive model in teaching writing descriptive text so that the teaching and learning process can be successful.

This study deals with the effect of using pictorial poster on student ability in writing descriptive text in viii class of SMP Negeri 4 Badar Academic Year 2021/2022. Its objective is How The Effect to descriptive text of grade VIII at SMP Negeri 1 Ketambe using Pictoral Poster effective?. The population on the research is the students of SMP Negeri 4. The sample that used is 1 class total 30 student. The research design is a research using Quantitative research methods using a descriptive approach. A descriptive approach is used to collect data systematically, factually, and quickly according to the description when the research was carried out. The students who were taught by Using Pictorial Poster got better achievement that those who were taught by using conventional technique that was Teacher. the highest score of the pre-test was 65 and the lowest was 45. While the highest score of post-test was 85 and the lowest was 70. The result of means of Pre-Test was 55.33  while the result of deviation standard was 6.32 And the result of means of Post-Test was 78.50. While the result of deviation standard was 5.35 From this research, it was found that the Using Pictorial Poster can cause a positive, which is proven from the result of the test, > or  ( 15.44> 2.04 ) there is significance Students Ability in Writing Descriptive Text Skill By Using Pictorial Poster Class VIII Of SMP Negeri 4 Badar In Academic Year 2021/2022.

Abstract The purpose of this study deals with the effect of snowball throwing model in ability to writing recount text at class X in SMA Negeri Lawe Sumur Academic Year 2021/2022. Its objective is to find out whether the use snowball throwing model has a significance effect in writing recount text. Population and samples used in this study were all students of class X total 36 students. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a one group as pretest and posttest design .This study was carried on using quantitave method. The data was analysed by using t-test. The researcher found the pretest mean = 50,97 , deviation standard = 2,87 and experienced an increase in the posttest mean = 78,47, deviation standart = 3,69. From this analysis, writer found that guided snowball throwing model has significane in teaching writing recount text. It can be proved by the result of the analysis showed that “ ” observed about 35,26 was higher than “ttable” about 2,030 with the level significance is 0,05% it implies that the teacher of English should use snowball throwing model in teaching writing recount text so that the teaching and learning process can be successful

This research deals with the use of pop up book media to improve students’ descriptive text writing class VII SMP Negeri 1 Lawe Alas Academic Year 2022/2023. Its objective is to find out whether the use of pop up book media has a significance effect in writing descriptive text. Population used in this research of class VII were 38 and all samples used in this research were 38 students. The method used in this research is an experimental method with a one group as pre-test and post-test design .This research was carried on using quantitave method. The data was analysed by using t-test. The researcher found the pre-test mean = 56,18 , deviation standard = 5,86 and experienced an increase in the pos-ttest mean = 79,34 deviation standard = 4,10. From this analysis, writer found that guided pop up book media has significance in teaching writing descriptive text. It can be proved by the result of the analysis showed that “ ” observed about 26,02 was higher than “t-table” about 2,026 with the level significance is 5% it implies that the teacher of English should use pop up book media in teaching writing descriptive text so that the teaching and learning process can be successful.

This study deals with the use of scramble model in students’ ability of narrative text at class XI in SMA Negeri 2 Lawe Bulan Academic Year 2021/2022. Its objective is to find out whether the use scramble model has a significance effect in narrative text writing. Population and samples used in this study were all students of class X total 36 students. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a one group as pretest and posttest design .This study was carried on using quantitave method. The data was analysed by using t-test. The researcher found the pretest mean = 43,05 , deviation standard = 4,48 and experienced an increase in the posttest mean = 80,83 , deviation standart = 4,55. From this analysis, writer found that guided scramble model has significane in teaching writing narrative text. It can be proved by the result of the analysis showed that “ ” observed about 35,64 was higher than “ttable” about 2,030 with the level significance is 0,05% it implies that the teacher of English should use scramble model in teaching narrative text writing so that the teaching and learning process can be successful.

This research was motivated by the writing ability of class VII participants which was still not optimal. All of this is based on the fact that interest in writing is still low, difficulty in expressing ideas or ideas into narrative texts, often looking at original texts when creating stories or essays. This research aims to describe the application of the "Ada Tawa Ceria" strategy and short film media by Elka Sinema in learning to write narrative texts for class VII students at SMPN 25 Semarang for the 2022/2023 academic year. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques use test and non-test techniques. The test technique consists of assigning narrative text writing skills according to the short film shown by paying attention to the structure of the narrative text. Non-test techniques include observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the "Ada Tawa Ceria" strategy and short film media can be applied to students, especially when learning Indonesian with narrative text learning material. This learning strategy and learning media can be an alternative for teachers in teaching narrative text material.

Improving Students’ Writing Ability In The Procedure Text Using Duolingo Application At 8 Grade Students Of SMP Negeri 5 Pati. Final Project, English Study Program, Faculty of Language and Arts Education, Universitas PGRI Semarang. Supervisor I Dra. Maria Yosephin, M.Pd, Supervisor II: Dra. Siti Lestari, M.Pd. This study aims to 1) to find out the improvement of students’ writing competence in procedure text before they are taught using the Duolingo application. 2) to find out the improvement of students’ writing competence in procedure text skills after they are taught using the Duolingo application. 3) to explain the significant difference in students’ writing competence in procedure text taught before and after using Duolingo application. In this study, the researcher used quantitative research. An experimental design was applied in carrying out this study.  The researcher took two classes as samples: VIII A (experimental group) and VIII B (control group). The experimental group has been given treatment by duolingo application in procedure text. On the other hand, the control group was not assigned treatment at all. The population in this study was class VIII in the  academic year 2023/2024. This study indicated that using Duolingo Application in procedure text is an effective technique. The results of the pre-test mean scores in both classes were 66.34 for the experimental group and 66.94 for the control group. In addition, the mean post-test score of experimental group was 84.78, and the control group was 76.66. These findings were calculated using the t-test formula. The t-test > t-table, based on the test results. T-table 5% percentage is 1.670. the computation shows that 6.180 > 1.670. There is a significant difference in students using  the Duolingo application in procedure text for students of grade 8 of SMP Negeri 5 Pati. Students are interested and excited when using Duolingo Application in the learning and teaching process with the goal of developing students’ writing skills. Based on the research findings, the researcher concludes that using Duolingo Application in procedure text can help students to develop and improve students writing skills.

This research aims to describe the application of podcast media in learning to write short story texts in class XI of SMA Negeri 1 Grobogan for the 2022/2023 academic year. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques used are observation techniques, interview techniques, and also documentation techniques. Meanwhile, the background to this research is class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Grobogan who are considered very active and thirsty for technology-based media. The research carried out obtained valid data and as expected, that the lesson went well. Apart from going well based on the data that has been collected, the activities carried out for 2X45 minutes are in line with the principles of good learning, therefore this research on the application of Podcast media in learning to write short story texts for class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Grobogan can be said to be implemented well.

The aim of this research is to explain the influence of the Snowball Throwing Learning Model on the Ability to Write Short Story Texts in Class IX Students of SMP Negeri 4 Medan in the 2022/2023 Academic Year. The population of this study was all students in class IX of SMP Negeri 04 Medan consisting of 11 classes with a total of 324 students. The samples taken were class IX-1 as the experimental class and class IX-2 as the control class. The method used in this research is an experimental method with a two group post-test design, with a research instrument in the form of an assignment to create a short story text. The experimental class got an average score of 78.33 while the control class got an average score of 73.50. This means that the value obtained by the experimental class is higher than the value obtained by the control class. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the data results were normally distributed. After carrying out a normality test of p > 0.05 at a significant level, the results of the normality test of the experimental posttest data were (0.059 > 0.05), and the normality test results of the control posttest data were (0.200 > 0.05). The results of the homogeneity test for the ability to write short story texts were p-value > α = 0.05 with posttest results for the experimental class and control class of 0.070 > α = 0.05 and the hypothesis test obtained a significance value of 0.045.

This study aims to analyze spelling patterns in the form of spelling errors in student speech texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The source of data in this research is the speech texts of students of the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Semester 5, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Gorontalo State University in the 2022/2023 academic year. The data in this study are sentences that contain spelling mistakes in accordance with EYD in the form of letter usage, word writing, punctuation usage, and writing of absorbed elements. The number of speech texts in the research is 40 speech texts. The data collection techniques used in this research are documentation, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research goes through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, data inference and verification, and final conclusion. The results of this study show that there are three forms of spelling errors in speech texts written by students, namely the use of letters, word writing, and the use of punctuation marks. The errors in the use of letters include errors in the use of capital letters as many as 20 errors consisting of errors in writing titles, geographic names, and greetings. Meanwhile, there were 5 italicization errors consisting of foreign language writing errors. Word writing errors in the form of preposition writing errors consist of 10 errors. Punctuation errors include 5 period errors and 27 comma errors.  

This study aims to analyze spelling patterns in the form of spelling errors in student speech texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The source of data in this research is the speech texts of students of the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Semester 5, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Gorontalo State University in the 2022/2023 academic year. The data in this study are sentences that contain spelling mistakes in accordance with EYD in the form of letter usage, word writing, punctuation usage, and writing of absorbed elements. The number of speech texts in the research is 40 speech texts. The data collection techniques used in this research are documentation, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research goes through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, data inference and verification, and final conclusion. The results of this study show that there are three forms of spelling errors in speech texts written by students, namely the use of letters, word writing, and the use of punctuation marks. The errors in the use of letters include errors in the use of capital letters as many as 20 errors consisting of errors in writing titles, geographic names, and greetings. Meanwhile, there were 5 italicization errors consisting of foreign language writing errors. Word writing errors in the form of preposition writing errors consist of 10 errors. Punctuation errors include 5 period errors and 27 comma errors.