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This study provides a comparative analysis of the regulatory frameworks governing Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) services across ten ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Laos, Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Cambodia. As BNPL services rapidly expand throughout the region, understanding the diverse regulatory landscapes and their implications becomes increasingly critical for fostering financial stability, consumer protection, and innovation in the digital financial ecosystem.  Utilizing a literature review methodology, the research examines existing regulations, legal frameworks, and market trends, assessing their impact on financial stability, consumer protection, and fintech innovation.  Singapore is identified as the leader in regulatory practices, effectively balancing fintech innovation with stringent consumer protection. Indonesia and Malaysia emphasize financial inclusion and systemic risk management, with Indonesia's framework focusing on transparency and financial literacy. Thailand and the Philippines are refining their frameworks, while Myanmar, Laos, Brunei, Vietnam and Cambodia are still developing their regulatory approaches. BNPL services, driven by growing e-commerce and fintech ecosystems, offer significant opportunities for financial inclusion but also pose challenges related to over-indebtedness, credit risk, and data protection. The analysis emphasizes that while BNPL presents significant opportunities for financial inclusion and fintech innovation, effective regulation is critical to ensuring sustainable growth and protecting consumers from debt traps and financial instability.

This study explores the pharmaceutical supply chain management of the National Formulary at RSUP Dr. Sitanala in Tangerang City, aiming to identify obstacles to drug availability and formulate effective and efficient solutions. Acknowledging quality healthcare as a fundamental human right and a critical investment for a nation's future, this research emphasizes the importance of high-quality healthcare services. These services encompass not only treatment but also health promotion and disease prevention through the adoption of clean and healthy living habits. Drug availability is a major pillar in the provision of quality healthcare services. Effective and efficient management of the pharmaceutical supply chain, particularly regarding National Formulary drugs, is crucial in ensuring the availability of medications at healthcare facilities. This research employs a comprehensive analysis of the supply chain processes at RSUP Dr. Sitanala, examining stages such as drug selection, demand planning, procurement, receipt, storage, distribution, drug control, therapy monitoring, prescription preparation, drug dispensation, and medication administration. The study's methodology involves a case study approach, integrating theoretical management principles and interdisciplinary pharmacy management with compliance to regulations, as outlined in Permenkes No. 76 of 2016. Findings from RSUP Dr. Sitanala indicate that the hospital's pharmaceutical management practices align with contemporary health and pharmacy management theories, emphasizing structured systems, stringent verification, and effective interprofessional communication to ensure medication safety and efficacy. The study identifies challenges in information technology and interdisciplinary coordination as areas needing improvement. Nonetheless, a commitment to continuous improvement and adherence to regulatory standards reflects RSUP Dr. Sitanala's dedication to enhancing the quality of pharmaceutical management and healthcare services. The implications of this research extend beyond RSUP Dr. Sitanala, offering valuable recommendations for improving drug supply chain management in other healthcare institutions in Indonesia. By enhancing access to and the quality of healthcare services, this study contributes to the broader goal of achieving the highest possible level of health for individuals, reflecting the perspective of human rights and investment in the nation's future health.    

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of existing law enforcement related to environmental pollution in the Taluduyunu River. The method used in the study is normative and then analyzed in a descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the basis of law enforcement evaluation of the Taluduyunu River due to pollution of mining waste (Case Study Buntulia District, Pohuwato Regency). The results of this study revealed that law enforcement against river pollution due to mining waste is still not effective. Despite clear regulations regarding waste disposal, many mining companies have not fully complied with these regulations. Increased coordination between government agencies, the application of more stringent sanctions, as well as environmental awareness on the part of the industry are needed to thoroughly address this issue. To improve the effectiveness of law enforcement, there is a need for stricter policy reforms, increased capacity of law enforcement institutions, and closer collaboration between government, industry, and civil society in an effort to maintain environmental sustainability and public health affected by mining waste pollution.

This paper explores sustainable tourism practices in Southeast Asia, focusing on the interplay between economic growth and environmental conservation. The study employs a case study approach to assess the effectiveness of eco-tourism initiatives in Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Findings indicate that community-based tourism and stringent environmental regulations are key to achieving sustainability. Policy implications for government and industry stakeholders are discussed.

This paper explores sustainable tourism practices in Southeast Asia, focusing on the interplay between economic growth and environmental conservation. The study employs a case study approach to assess the effectiveness of eco-tourism initiatives in Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Findings indicate that community-based tourism and stringent environmental regulations are key to achieving sustainability. Policy implications for governments and industry stakeholders are discussed.

This article discusses the influence of advertising ethics in marketing communication on consumer perception using a qualitative descriptive approach. The main objective of this study is to explore how ethical practices in advertising affect consumers' perceptions of brands and advertised products. The research methodology involves qualitative analysis of relevant literature and case studies of controversial advertising campaigns. Findings from this research indicate that advertising ethics play a crucial role in shaping consumer perceptions of a brand, influencing consumer loyalty, and long-term brand reputation. The practical implication of this article underscores the necessity of implementing stringent ethical standards in every aspect of marketing communication to foster positive relationships between brands and consumers.

The creative industry in Indonesia has experienced rapid growth in recent years, causing increasingly tight trade competition and various innovations in product marketing. This research focuses on the handicraft industry, especially accessories such as bracelets, necklaces and rings. Even though stringing looks easy, the biggest challenge is creating a unique design and ensuring the strength of the connecting rope so that it doesn't come loose easily. As technology develops, handicraft producers are now utilizing digital marketing to expand their market reach. Digital marketing, which involves the use of social media for promotion, has become a key strategy in the industry. This research specifically highlights the use of the social media platform TikTok as a digital marketing tool. TikTok, which is popular among teenagers and young adults, provides e-commerce features such as TikTok Shop and live shop, which allow manufacturers to sell their products directly through the app. Through this research, we explore the effectiveness of TikTok as a digital marketing medium for handicraft producers, as well as how this platform can support the growth of the creative industry in Indonesia.

The process of making traditional musical instruments Rabab Pasisia in South Pesisir Regency. This study aims to describe the process of making Rabab Pasisia musical instruments. The approach used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. This research was conducted with data collection techniques used are observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques are carried out by reducing, presenting data and verifying this data aims to find out the structure, process, manufacturing techniques, playing techniques, from Rabab Pasisia. This musical instrument is made of jariang wood and has different tones, and uses several types of wood. The results of this study show that the parts and stages of the process of making traditional Rabab Pasisia musical instruments include: wooden mangkapatiah for Rabab bodies, sketching rabab patterns, making rabab tongues, installing rabab friction nylon, making rabab kudo-kudo, and how to produce sounds, tuning systems on traditional Rabab Pasisia musical instruments. The instruments used in the process of making traditional musical instruments Gandang Tambua include: Lantiak Knife (containing rabab tongue), Kapatiah (forming rabab body), Cutting Saw, Hammer (Stick), Measuring instrument (meter), Pencil, Sandpaper, Scissors. The ingredients are; Jariang Wood (45Cm Long, 30Cm Wide, and 4Cm Thick), Montiah Wood (Meranti), Sicerek Wood, Shell, Rope, Nails and, Wood glue. The process of making Rabab Pasisia musical instruments includes several stages, namely: 1) The process of making the body (jariang wood), until the finishing of fine and rough sanding, 2) The process of installing nylon on the rabab frictioner, 3) The process of installing squirrels, kudo-kudo, talingo and rabab strings for tuning the tone.

This research examines the technique of playing hasapi to accompany the song Buku Ende No. 585.Somba Ma Jahowa Debata. Through a literature study approach and direct observation, this thesis presents various basic and advanced techniques used by hasapi players. First, this thesis describes how to hold and pluck hasapi strings, as well as basic techniques for producing clear and resonant sound. Next, it discusses the use of melodic and rhythmic variations in playing hasapi, including ornamentation and improvisation techniques which are generally used in traditional Batak music performances. This research also outlines the important role of learning and knowledge in the hasapi playing community. The results of this research show that a deep understanding of hasapi playing techniques requires consistent practice and a deep understanding of the cultural context. Apart from that, this thesis concludes that the development of hasapi playing techniques not only enriches Batak cultural heritage, but is for the glory of God.    

This research aims to explore the challenges and opportunities of implementing Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in Dapur Bestie, a culinary business, from the stakeholders' perspective. Through a combination of surveys, interviews, and document analysis, we gained insights into the factors influencing the company's GCG practices. The findings indicate that Dapur Bestie faces challenges such as stringent regulations, resource constraints, supply chain complexity, and resistance to change. However, there are significant opportunities to strengthen GCG practices, including enhancing brand reputation, operational efficiency, and stakeholder engagement. The integrity of GCG practices within the organizational culture is identified as key to long-term success. This research suggests strategic steps that Dapur Bestie can take to reinforce their GCG practices, considering the company's vision and the expectations of all involved parties. It is hoped that sustained efforts to improve GCG will yield long-term benefits for the company and society at large.

Waste management in the maritime industry is a crucial aspect in maintaining environmental and operational sustainability of the industry. In this context, a literature review becomes essential to understand best practices, challenges, and potential solutions in waste management in the maritime industry. This research aims to present a comprehensive literature review on waste management in the maritime industry, focusing on management practices and future challenges. The literature review includes mapping of theoretical concepts, explanation of effective management practices, and analysis of relevant waste treatment technologies. Findings from this literature review provide an in-depth understanding of the complexity of waste management in the maritime industry, the crucial role of management in addressing these challenges, and the urgency in facing increasingly stringent environmental regulations. The implications of this literature review include emphasis on the importance of developing environmentally friendly technologies, collaboration between governments and industries, and awareness of the interconnection between waste management and sustainability goals. This research is expected to provide valuable guidance for the maritime industry in enhancing their waste management practices, thus creating a more sustainable future for the industry and the environment as a whole.

Algoritma Greedy dan algoritma pencocokan string (string matching) adalah dua pendekatan penting dalam komputasi yang memiliki aplikasi luas dalam pemrosesan teks dan optimasi. Dalam penelitian ini, kami menjelaskan konsep, sejarah, dan penerapan kedua algoritma tersebut. Algoritma Greedy memilih solusi terbaik pada setiap langkah dengan harapan mencapai solusi global yang optimal, sedangkan algoritma pencocokan string digunakan untuk mencari kemunculan suatu pola dalam teks dengan efisien. Kami mengevaluasi implementasi algoritma Greedy dalam penukaran uang di Alfamart dan algoritma pencocokan string untuk pencarian cabang Alfamart di berbagai kota di Indonesia. Metode penelitian dievaluasi berdasarkan kelengkapan, optimalitas, dan kompleksitas waktu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa implementasi algoritma Greedy efisien dalam mengelola proses penukaran uang dengan waktu eksekusi yang stabil. Sementara itu, algoritma pencocokan string menawarkan kemampuan untuk mencari cabang Alfamart dengan cepat dan efisien meskipun menunjukkan variasi dalam kinerjanya. Kesimpulannya, kedua algoritma ini memiliki potensi besar untuk meningkatkan efisiensi operasional dan kenyamanan pengguna dalam hal penukaran uang dan pencarian cabang minimarket. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam memahami dan menerapkan algoritma Greedy dan pencocokan string dalam kasus nyata, dengan implikasi untuk pengembangan solusi yang lebih efisien dan optimal di masa depan.

The increasing ease of internet access has led to its misuse in the form of online gambling. Initially, online games served as the entry point, but curiosity and interest have driven teenagers to participate in online gambling. Kartono (2014) defines gambling as the intentional act of risking something valuable with awareness of the associated risks and specific expectations for uncertain events, such as games, matches, races, and other occurrences. The uncertainty of outcomes generates expectations and tension for gamblers. nawati, Prakoso, and Prihatmi (2015) assert that the development of information and communication technology significantly influences the gambling model and its payment methods. Unlike traditional gambling, which requires face-to-face interactions, physical means, and cash payments, online gambling leverages the internet, enabling games without physical encounters. The rapid evolution of online gambling in recent decades has facilitated easy access to various forms of gambling through the internet. Despite gambling's historical existence, online gambling possesses distinct characteristics that entail specific risks. This journal aims to identify and explore the diverse negative impacts associated with online gambling, while also delving into control measures that can be implemented to address these issues. Employing the qualitative descriptive phenomenology research method, our study will uncover shared meanings of the online gambling phenomenon as experienced by a group of students (Sahputra et al., 2022). The methodology employed here is the literature review method, wherein an independent activity is conducted to collect literature data, engage in reading and note-taking, and process research materials from various sources, such as books, online media, print media, and national and international journals. Online gambling has emerged as a concerning phenomenon globally. This journal examines various aspects related to the hazards of online gambling, encompassing social, economic, and health impacts. Additionally, we discuss control efforts that can be implemented to address these issues, with the ultimate goal of enhancing understanding and promoting more effective actions in addressing this problem. Online gambling presents numerous dangers that can adversely affect individuals and society at large. To tackle this issue, control efforts, including stringent regulations, public education, and rehabilitation programs, are imperative. A comprehensive understanding of the perils of online gambling will enable collaborative efforts to create a safer and healthier environment for everyone. Concrete actions are necessary to shield society from the detrimental impacts of online gambling.

The current environmental crisis has emerged as one of the most significant global issues, with the disposal of nuclear waste into the oceans garnering international attention. With the increasing production of nuclear waste from nuclear activities, such as nuclear power generation and nuclear use in industries, there arises a need to understand the environmental impact and threats to human safety associated with these actions. The disposal of nuclear waste can jeopardize marine ecosystems and biodiversity, creating contamination in seawater and marine organisms that can persist for decades to centuries. The risk of radiation exposure to humans through the consumption of contaminated seafood escalates, leading to potential serious health issues, including the risk of cancer. In this context, stringent policies and regulations in the management of nuclear waste and international cooperation are imperative. This research underscores the importance of identifying hazards arising from the disposal of nuclear waste into the open sea. Efforts to reduce and manage nuclear waste must be intensified through strict supervision by nuclear and environmental regulatory bodies. The disposal of nuclear waste can have serious impacts on the environment and human health by polluting seawater and marine organisms. Therefore, urgent actions are required to protect marine ecosystems, maintain ecological balance, and safeguard fisheries resources and biodiversity.

The Sumatran tiger is the only type of tiger remaining in Indonesia, other types such as the Balinese tiger and Javanese tiger have become extinct. The lack of introduction to the Sumatran Tiger animal, and the lack of interest in existing books about the Sumatran Tiger, means that children aged 6-8 years do not fully know the Sumatran Tiger animal. Therefore, this design was created to create a new educational media that is appropriate and fun for children aged 6-8 years to learn about the Sumatran tiger. This activity book contains narratives and information about the characteristics of the Sumatran Tiger, how to breed, how to survive, the decline in the Sumatran Tiger population, and contains illustrations and activity content in the form of mazes, counting, find the different, coloring and flashlight pages. Using the glass box method, the design systematically applies the stages of preparation, incubation, illumination and verification. Through these stages, the main media is produced in the form of activity books and supporting media, namely t-shirts, x-banners, string bags, posters, stickers and keychains.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that cause the existence of the case of buloi boyot or women who are pregnant out of wedlock without a valid marriage engagement in the Village Community Tungoi one Lolayan District Bolaang Mongondow. This study was conducted using descriptive analysis method with empirical juridical research. The subjects in this study were 3 (three) informants, namely; Village Head, Head of customary institutions and head of the Office of Religious Affairs. In this case the researchers used interview data, documentation and field observations. The results in this study indicate that the factors that cause related cases buloi boyot, such as; adolescent promiscuity less positive, lack of attention from parents, the influence of technology and information and lack of understanding of religion that has been believed. The efforts made by the village apparatus in handling the case by providing sanctions in the form of fines for the perpetrator based on written rules in Tungoi village regulation I Number 2 of 2022 concerning marriage customs. Although the rules have been implemented for the village community, in fact it is still not enough to accommodate and does not provide a deterrent effect at all. Therefore, the role of village heads and customary institutions has a great task to narrow or even eliminate such cases by conducting legal counseling and revising village regulations with more stringent sanctions so that local communities feel the deterrent effect

In early childhood, a child has high energy. This energy is needed to perform various activities to improve physical skills related to fine motor skills, such as shaping or manipulating from clay/wax/dough, drawing, coloring, sticking, cutting, cutting, stringing objects with thread (meronce). These activities serve to train coordination between eyes and hands, which can be developed through play activities (Sumantri, 2005: 145).

The independent curriculum provides freedom to export students' abilities and interests. Changes in government policy on the education system have a good and bad impact on the quality of education. This study aims to find out how the implementation of the independent curriculum by looking at the teacher's understanding and the problems faced. This research method uses quantitative and qualitative. The research instrument used questionnaires and interviews. With the research subject of junior high school teachers in Bojonegoro Regency with purposive sampling techniques with the first criterion, the school implemented an independent curriculum. Second, PJOK teachers are linear graduates. Quantitative research data is analyzed in the form of percentages and qualitative research data is reduced then analyzed and presented according to reality in the field. The average percentage result of teacher perception on independent curriculum understanding is 73% and it can be concluded that teachers have high understanding based on percentage results. Then the results of the study revealed that almost 90% of junior high schools in Bojonegoro have implemented an independent curriculum. The highest result of the problems faced by teachers is that at the learning planning stage 57% experience problems at the Difficulty in stringing together sentences of operational and concrete learning objectives, at the stage of implementation 40% have difficulty designing learning based on the needs of students Difficulty designing projects Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila in learning, at the monitoring stage 48.6% experience Difficulty analyzing student conditions for assessment purposes and at stages 45.7% Difficulty developing questions from the questions provided.

The more stringent developments in business life, the more difficult it is for any company to maintain customer satisfaction from its competitors. For this reason, service quality is needed to retain consumers, not only service quality, price and promotion are also the most important things in retaining consumers. This study aims to identify the effect of service quality, price, and promotions significantly on customer satisfaction at Muliamart. The sample used was 100 respondents. The method used uses quantitative methods. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling technique, namely sampling with certain criteria. The analysis model used is multiple linear regression analysis processed using SPSS 2022. The results of this study indicate that Service Quality has a partial effect (3.636 > 1.988), Service Price has a partial effect (2.427 > 1.988), and Service Promotion has a partial effect of (3.422 > 1.988) t-count > t-table on Satisfaction. Meanwhile, service quality, price, and promotion have a simultaneous effect of (46,765 > 2,700) f-count > f-table on consumer satisfaction. the magnitude of the coefficient of determination (R Square) is 0.594 or equal to 59.4%. And the rest is influenced by other variables.      

Jaringan interaksi protein-protein merupakan hal penting pada setiap proses yang terjadi dalam sel biologis karena dapat digunakan untuk mempelajari kondisi fisiologis sel ketika berada dalam keadaan normal atau tidak normal. Di sisi lain, infrastruktur komputasi telah berada di era yang cukup memadai untuk menyimpan data hasil eksperimen dari berbagai tempat dan waktu. Namun data yang terkumpul perlu diolah dan dianalisis dengan cara yang tepat agar menghasilkan pengetahuan atau wawasan baru yang bermanfaat. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pendekatan agar data jaringan interaksi protein-protein yang terkumpul di database menjadi informasi yang bermakna. Pendekatan dilakukan menggunakan teori graf dengan studi kasus data protein virus SARS-Cov-2. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode in-silico dengan data sekunder berasal dari database bereputasi yang dapat diakses publik. Hasil penelitian berupa daftar protein-protein paling berpengaruh pada virus SARS-Cov-2 berdasarkan parameter-parameter umum yang digunakan dalam ilmu jaringan.