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This study aims to analyze the effect of the combination of oil viscosity and shock load on the compression characteristics of telescopic shock absorbers on motorcycles, which include depth, time, and compression speed parameters. The experiment was carried out using two levels of oil viscosity, namely 10 cSt and 15 cSt (equivalent to SAE 10W and SAE 15W), as well as two shock load variations, namely 40 kg and 50 kg, which were dropped vertically from a height of 30 cm. Compression depth measurements were carried out using a slow-motion camera at a speed of 240 fps and the results were validated using Kinovea software. Meanwhile, the compression time measurement is carried out with a stopwatch, and the compression speed is calculated from the results of the comparison between the compression depth and the compression time. The experimental data were analyzed using Minitab software with the Two-Way ANOVA method to determine the influence of each variable on response. The results of the analysis showed that oil viscosity and shock load had a significant influence on the compression depth, while the viscosity of the oil also significantly affected the compression speed. However, neither the viscosity of the oil nor the shock load exerted a significant influence on the compression time. To support the results of the experiment, a mass-spring-damper system theory model approach was used, which represents the dynamic behavior of shock absorbers. This model helps to explain the compression response to changes in fluid and load parameters theoretically. Based on the analysis of experimental results and model simulations, the optimal combination that provides the best performance is found in the use of oil viscosity of 10 cSt (SAE 10W) with a shock load of 50 kg.

Cancer is a chronic disease that not only affects physical conditions but also imposes a significant psychological burden on both cancer patients and cancer survivors. Various mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, stress, and psychological distress, are frequently experienced throughout the processes of diagnosis, treatment, and the survivorship phase. One psychological intervention that has developed and been widely studied is expressive writing, which allows individuals to freely express their thoughts and emotions through writing. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of expressive writing interventions on the mental health of cancer patients and cancer survivors using a literature review method. The article search process was conducted in international databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SpringerLink) and a national database (Garuda), covering publications from 2020 to 2025. Article selection was carried out using PRISMA guidelines, and methodological quality assessment was conducted using the Critical Appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Based on the selection results, nine articles met the eligibility criteria for analysis. The review findings indicate that most studies report positive effects of expressive writing in reducing anxiety, depression, stress, and psychological distress, as well as improving quality of life, positive affect, self-efficacy, and posttraumatic growth. However, the effectiveness of this intervention varies depending on individual characteristics, clinical context, writing structure and focus, intervention duration, and cultural appropriateness. Therefore, expressive writing has the potential to serve as an effective, flexible, and low-cost supportive intervention in cancer care, particularly when it is designed contextually and adaptively in accordance with patients’ psychological needs.

Student motivation is crucial to success in learning a foreign language. This study focuses on analyzing the motivation of students studying Indonesian as a foreign language in the Bipas in-country learning program at Udayana University in Bali. Specifically, the study is aimed at investigating the motivations of foreign students learning Indonesian in the program, and whether students' learning motivation shifts by the end of the course. The study involved 38 foreign students and five Indonesian lecturers during the Spring 2024 semester as respondents, and applied an explanatory sequential mixed methods design which consists of two phases, namely a quantitative phase and a qualitative phase to collect data. The results show that, despite strong support from the Balinese community for using the Indonesian language, students' motivation shifted from instrumental to integrative at the end of the course. Integrative motivation, which is prevalent, is defined as a desire to connect with the culture and community. Instrumental motivation ,on the other hand,  such as the expectation that learning Indonesian will open up career opportunities or improve social status, remains relatively low. To increase overall motivation, the learning programme should combine the two types of motivation, strengthening the sense of social connection and emphasising the practical value and tangible benefits of learning Indonesian.

This study aims to analyze the prediction of financial distress using the Altman Z-Score, Springate, and Zmijewski methods at PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk in 2019-2023. This type of research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. Using secondary data with documentation techniques and literature studies in the form of related company financial reports, books, articles, journals and other publications related to the research topic. The sampling technique was carried out using a purposive sampling method. The sample in this study was obtained using a purposive sampling technique and obtained as many as 5 financial reports from the company PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk for the period 2019-2023. The results of the study show that the results of calculations using the Altman Z-Score method indicate that in 2019-2023 PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk experienced fluctuations in the company consistently still in the category of bankruptcy, the Springate method shows that the company experienced a decline in its financial performance, and the Zmijewski method shows that companies that experience fluctuations in financial performance conditions, Although there are fluctuations in the X-Score value and improvements in certain years.

Unstable financial conditions in insurance companies can serve as an early indicator of potential bankruptcy, which may have wide-ranging impacts on policyholders, shareholders, and the overall stability of the financial sector. Therefore, early detection of bankruptcy risk is critically important. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Springate model in identifying potential bankruptcy among insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2022–2024 period. The Springate model was chosen due to its simplicity and its ability to provide quantitative insights into a company's financial condition. Data were collected from the annual financial statements of 16 companies selected through purposive sampling based on the completeness and consistency of their financial reporting. The model applies the S-Score calculation as the basis for classifying companies into financial distress or non-financial distress categories. The analysis revealed that six companies consistently exhibited signs of financial difficulty, with three of them identified as being in a state of financial distress for three consecutive years. Meanwhile, the other ten companies demonstrated stable and healthy financial conditions throughout the observation period. These findings indicate that the Springate model is reasonably practical as an early detection tool for bankruptcy risk, particularly in the insurance sector, which is influenced by various internal factors such as risk management, as well as external factors like economic fluctuations and government regulations. Therefore, this model can be utilized as a decision-support tool for both management and investors in making strategic financial decisions.

Reproductive health is key to the continuity of human life from one generation to the next. Good reproductive health conditions in prospective brides and grooms (catin) will have an impact on the quality of future generations. Catin refers to men and women who do not yet have a legitimate bond under both religious and legal terms and are in the process of preparing for marriage. Prospective brides and grooms are the primary target for efforts to improve reproductive health during the preconception period. Therefore, catin need to prepare their reproductive health to ensure they can have quality generations after marriage. To address reproductive health issues in prospective brides and grooms, the Indonesian government has organized premarital courses aimed at preparing a healthy marital life and producing quality offspring. A total of 20 participants attended the premarital course. Premarital counseling is conducted to provide understanding and knowledge about reproductive health, focusing on prospective brides and grooms. Health professionals provide reproductive health education, conduct health checks, and administer TT immunization to the participants. This counseling is essential to ensure that prospective brides and grooms gain sufficient knowledge about reproductive health before marriage.

The covenant between God and Abraham serves as proof that God is a faithful God who never abandons His people, whether in times of joy or sorrow. This covenant is also one of the fundamental covenants in the Old Testament, with significant theological and historical implications. This article, we’re discusses and analyzes God’s covenant with Abraham and its implications for Christian faith today, based on Genesis 12:1-9. Through this covenant, God promises three main things to Abraham: numerous descendants, the promised land, and blessings for all nations. Futhermore, this covenant serves as the foundation of Israel’s identity and finds its fulfillment in Jesus Christ, as foretold in Genesis 3:15, namely the offspring that will be born a woman. This study serves as evidence and a model for Christians regarding Abraham’s obedience and steadfast faith, emphasizing that salvation in Jesus Christ is one of God’s fulfilled promises to Abraham. Thus, understanding this covenant strengthens the conviction that God remains faithful to His promises and that faith in Him is the foundation of true spiritual life for believers.

This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in the Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) spring constant and the type of fuel on the performance of a 110 CC gasoline motorcycle engine. The CVT system is one of the important components in an automatic motorcycle that functions to transmit power from the engine to the rear wheels efficiently. CVT performance is greatly influenced by the spring constant used, because this component is directly related to the automatic gear ratio shifting process. On the other hand, the type of fuel also has an important role because it is related to the quality of combustion and the efficiency of energy produced by the engine. The test results show that the use of a CVT spring with a constant of 18.05 N/cm combined with Pertamax fuel is able to provide the best engine performance. In this configuration, the engine reaches a maximum power of 7.84 HP at 8200 rpm and a maximum torque of 9.30 Nm at 6200 rpm. This combination is proven to be the most optimal in increasing power and torque, thus providing more responsive acceleration. Furthermore, the use of a CVT spring with a constant of 25.20 N/cm combined with Pertamax also shows quite good performance, namely with a maximum power of 7.38 HP and a maximum torque of 8.56 Nm. Although the results are not as high as the first configuration, this combination is still quite effective in improving engine performance. Meanwhile, when using a spring with a higher constant of 33.69 N/cm, the resulting power tends to decrease to 7.02 HP with a torque of 8.02 Nm. In addition, the initial acceleration in this configuration is less responsive so it is not recommended for optimal performance.

Tropical forests play an important role as carbon sinks and biomass stores, including through the litter produced by vegetation. Litter contributes to nutrient cycling, maintains soil fertility, and is an important component of ecosystem carbon reserves. This study aims to estimate the biomass and carbon content of litter in the Jaboi Hot Spring Flow Area, Sukajaya District, Sabang City. The study was conducted in June 2025 using a 100 m long line transect method with four transects, each consisting of 18 1 x 1 m plots. Leaf litter samples were collected, their wet weight was measured, dried in an oven for 48 hours, and their carbon content was calculated based on the percentage of organic carbon of 0.47. The results showed a total litter biomass of 8,106 kg/m² with an average of 2,027 kg/m², and a total litter carbon of 3,809 kg/m² with an average of 0,952 kg/m². The highest values were found at Station 3 (2,354 kg/m² and 1,106 kg/m²) and the lowest at Station 1 (1,691 kg/m² and 0,795 kg/m²). Variations in values are influenced by soil physical-chemical factors, vegetation density, and climatic conditions, which influence production and decomposition rates. These results emphasize the importance of monitoring biomass and litter carbon to support forest management and conservation.

Shrub vegetation is an important component in the structure of vegetation communities that have a significant ecological role, especially in maintaining soil stability and supporting biodiversity. One area that has the potential for shrub vegetation diversity but has not been scientifically documented is the Jaboi hot spring area, Weh Island, Sukajaya District, Sabang City. The purpose of this study was to investigate various types of shrub vegetation found in the study area and to calculate the diversity index. Data collection was carried out using a one-hundred-meter line transect method divided into four paths, with one pair of transects directed towards residential areas and plantation areas, while the remaining two transects were directed towards areas that were still forested. At each transect there were six observation points with a distance between points of 20 meters, each point consisting of three quadrat plots measuring 2 × 2 meters. Analysis of the diversity index used the Shannon-Wiener formula (H’). The results showed that there were 9 shrub species from 7 families with a total of 169 individuals from four observation stations. The Melastomataceae family dominates the shrub community with two main species, Melastoma malabathricum and Memecylon caeruleum. The diversity index value is 2.17, which is included in the moderate category (H = 2–3). This diversity is influenced by the physical-chemical conditions of the environment, such as acidic soil pH (4.4–5.5) and relatively stable temperatures, although temperatures exceeding the optimum limit were found in some locations. This study provides initial data on the potential of shrub vegetation as a basis for ecosystem management and conservation in the area.

This research is motivated by significant fluctuations and a decline in profits for companies in the clothing and luxury goods subsector listed on the IDX for the period 2021-2023, indicating potential financial difficulties. This research aims to evaluate the company's condition using four prediction models, namely Altman-ZScore, Springate, Fulmer, and Taffler, and to determine the most suitable model for the sector. The method applied is quantitative comparative with a purposive sample of 11 companies, using financial statement data from 2021-2023 and analyzed using the formulas for each predictive model. The research findings indicate that the four models produce different predictions regarding the company's financial condition. Additionally, there are differences in the accuracy levels of the four models. The Springate and Taffler models achieved the highest accuracy rate of 85%, followed by Altman at 67% and Fulmer at 64%. The findings of this study confirm that the Springate model is the most reliable tool for early warning for companies and stakeholders, enabling faster preventive measures to prevent bankruptcy.

Biodiversity is a combination of the number of species and the number of individuals of each species in a community, one of which is in the Lichen group. Lichen is a form of mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and algae that morphologically and physiologically form a whole unit to produce new, unique individuals. This organism has an important role in the ecosystem, such as indicators of environmental quality, nutrient cycles, and soil surface cover. However, data on the diversity of Lichen species, especially in Geothermal areas, is still very limited so that information on their distribution and composition in the area is not optimal. This study aims to analyze the diversity index of Lichen species in the Jaboi Hot Spring area, Sukajaya District, Sabang City. The study was conducted in June 2025 using a combination of exploratory survey methods to determine research stations and transect line boundaries, as well as purposive sampling methods for Lichen sampling. Data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (Ĥ). The results showed that there were 17 Lichen species belonging to 11 families with a total of 2027 colonies found in all observation stations. The obtained diversity index value was Ĥ = 2.819214, which is recommended as moderate diversity. These findings indicate that although the Jaboi Hot Springs area has unique environmental conditions due to geothermal activity, it still supports a diverse range of lichen species. This information is expected to form the basis for further research on lichen ecology, biodiversity conservation, and its potential use in geothermal areas. Furthermore, the results of this study can make important contributions to environmental management and bioindicator-based ecosystem quality monitoring.

Poromas are benign neoplasms composed of epithelial cells that show tubular differentiation, which arises from the intraepidermal part of the eccrine of the sweat glands. This lesion can resemble melanoma or non melanoma.1,2 Case description We reported a case of eccrine poroma in a man, Mr. ES, 50 years old, with complaints of a lump in the head of the temporal region of the region. On macroscopic examination, a blackish-brown scalp tissue size 2x1x0.5 was received, the surface was uneven, the consistency was springy. Microscopic examination of squamous epithelial coating with round, oval, monotone, smooth chromatin, eosinophilic cytoplasm appear. In the sub-epithelium, there is a mass of tumors consisting of proliferative eccrine glands, in groups forming islands, with cuboidal coatings, with round, oval, monotonous nuclei, fine chromatin, eosinophilic cytoplasm. The stroma consists of fibrous connective tissue and blood vessels. The sebaceous glands, hair follicles and infiltration of lymphocyte cells appear. Discussion and conclusions: Based on the results of histopathological examination, it can be concluded as eccrine poroma. In this case electrosurgery is performed, removal with the help of a carbon dioxide laser, or excision surgery can be performed.

Javanese culture is a product of the community’s collective thought, expressed through traditions that have been preserved over generations. However, cultural practices may face decline due to the pressures of modernization and changing times. Therefore, efforts to preserve and sustain cultural heritage are essential. One method of cultural transmission is through traditional practices. The Ngirim Banyu tradition at Sumber Genitri, Claket Village, represents a form of semi-oral folklore that is still regularly performed by the local community in Claket Village, Pacet District, Mojokerto Regency. This tradition is carried out as an expression of gratitude to God Almighty for the blessings received, particularly the natural spring that sustains the village. This study aims to explore the origins, procedures, ritual components (ubarampe), symbolic meanings, functions, transformations, and preservation efforts related to the Ngirim Banyu tradition at Sumber Genitri. The research also seeks to broaden the researcher’s perspective, knowledge, and experience concerning the existence of local traditions. The theoretical framework used in this study includes concepts of folklore, symbolism and meaning, belief systems, cultural functions, cultural change, and cultural preservation strategies.

This study evaluates the implementation of water source conservation and conservation forest policies in Tuban Regency that integrate collaborative methods between various parties and local wisdom. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with staff from the Environmental Service, representatives of environmental NGOs, traditional leaders, and local communities, coupled with field observations related to the “Adopt a Spring” and “Forest School” programs. The results of the study indicate that the success of the policy is not only supported by local regulations, but also by collaboration involving the government, local communities, the private sector, and educational institutions. Local wisdom, such as the “nyadran sumber” ceremony and traditional protected forest methods, increase the legitimacy and effectiveness of environmental protection. However, obstacles arise as a result of lack of funds, economic pressures, and changes in values ​​among the younger generation. This study suggests sustainability education and cross-sector collaboration forums, strengthening sustainable economic schemes based on ecotourism and agroforestry, and contextual environmental education to maintain the sustainability of the program. These results confirm that conservation policies integrated with local wisdom and cross-sector collaboration can be an innovative model for other regions, while strengthening the paradigm of sustainable development that is responsive to the existing socio-cultural context.

This study analyzes social change in Ponggok Village, Klaten, Central Java, from an impoverished village to a self-sufficient one, utilizing Talcott Parsons' structural functionalist framework and the AGIL model (Adaptation, Goal Attainment, Integration, Latency). Prior to 2006, Ponggok Village faced poverty, inadequate infrastructure, and limited employment opportunities, despite its significant potential for spring water. The transformation began in 2009-2013 with collaboration between the village head and academics for potential mapping and the establishment of the Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) Tirta Mandiri. The period from 2014 to 2018 marked a "golden era" with the implementation of the Village Law of 2014, increased village funds, and peak revenues from Umbul Ponggok. However, from 2019-2023, the village experienced a significant decline due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive qualitative research method with a case study approach was employed, dividing the timeline into three periods (2009-2013, 2014-2018, 2019-2023). Data were collected through Focus Group Discussions, interviews, and literature reviews. The research findings demonstrate how Ponggok Village systematically fulfills the AGIL functional prerequisites by examining socio-economic policies through policies implemented by the Village Government, Village Consultative Body (BPD), and Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) in efforts to improve quality of life, foster social integration among stakeholders, and maintain values through sustainable programs aimed at achieving and sustaining the success of its transformation. These findings provide a holistic understanding of the village’s resilience and adaptability in facing social and economic challenges.

Bankruptcy is a condition where a business cannot operate effectively due to severe financial difficulties it is currently experiencing.  This research purposes to analyze the ratio of the Altman, Springate, and Grover models in analyzing bankruptcy in food and beverage corporations listed on the IDX with reference to signaling theory. The data analysis approach used are One Way Anova test and accuracy level test. Using 20 company samples with purposive sampling method. The final proceeds of the research explain that there are significant differences between the Altman and Springate models, significant differences between the Altman and Grover models, and no significant differences between the Springate and Grover models in predicting bankruptcy in food and beverage companies for the period 2019-2023. The very accurate prediction model was achieved by the Grover model.

Indonesia has a very diverse cultural wealth, one of which is folklore that lives in various regions. Folklore, as a form of fiction originating from oral tradition, not only functions as entertainment, but also as a character education tool that conveys moral messages and social values. One of the famous folklores in Central Java, especially in Jepara Regency, is Sendang Bidadari. This story tells the origin of a spring that is a place for angels to stop and contains various social values ​​such as mutual cooperation, responsibility, politeness, honesty, and social concern. This study aims to identify the social values ​​contained in the Sendang Bidadari story and its meaning in the context of social life. Using a qualitative approach, this study analyzes the story to make it an alternative learning media in strengthening character education. The results of the study show that the Sendang Bidadari story can be used to teach the younger generation about the importance of preserving local culture and behaving well in social life.

This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) research type with the PPE model consisting of three stages, namely Planning, Production and Evaluation. The research subjects involved 35 students from class VIII (8) at SMP Samarinda as well as 3 media experts and 1 material expert. The object of the study was the Ispring Suite teaching material on Software material.The results of the study showed that the development of Ispring Suite which was tested by 3 expert media validators received a Calculation value of 172 which indicated the category of "very suitable" for use. Testing by 1 material expert obtained a calculated value of 60 which indicates the category of "very feasible" to use. The assessment of the entire Validator obtained a value of 182. Thus, the development of Ispring Suite on the material of Class VIII Software in Samarinda which was developed with the PPE model was declared very feasible based on the feasibility test of media and material experts.

This study aims to systematically review the application of sensitivity analysis in operational decision-making based on linear programming. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), analyzing scientific articles published between 2018 and 2024 from databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. The review focuses on how sensitivity analysis is employed to evaluate the stability of linear programming solutions in the face of parameter changes, such as objective function coefficients, constraint bounds, and resource availability. The results indicate that local sensitivity analysis approaches are the most commonly used due to their simplicity and ease of interpretation. However, they fall short in capturing parameter interactions and complex uncertainty. Therefore, recent studies have started to explore global sensitivity methods, such as Morris and Sobol techniques, as well as geometric visualization approaches to provide a more holistic understanding. This study recommends integrating both local and global approaches and utilizing computational tools to enhance the robustness of operational decisions. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for more adaptive, efficient, and resilient decision-making under uncertainty.